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박창모(Park Chang-Mo),김종하(Kim Jong-Ha),이정호(Lee Jeong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.12
The purpose of this research was to grasp the characteristics of bench use behavior through survey on how behaviorism of using bench was expressed accordant with external environments that would be changed according to each time zone at the commercial street. First, the results from research showed that there were differences in preference of bench according to the location of street furniture around the bench. Second, the result from research revealed that during the time zone when the bench users scored the greatest number, the occupancy rate of the benches located at the corner with easy access and better view was higher than those benches that placed in the center of the rest stops, and that, during the time zone when there were fewer pedestrian traffics, the occupancy rate not only of the benches at the corner of the rest stops but of those benches placed in the center also was higher. Third, men preferred the bench that was rather independent separated from others, having a good view of the street where they could take a good look at pedestrians. Meanwhile, women preferred the benches facing each other that would allow them to enjoy talking, and also that could be easily accessed. Fourth, the survey results revealed that there were a large number of pedestrians who sat on the benches, which was easy to access from the influx direction, and that there were differences in the distribution of bench occupancy according to the influx direction of pedestrians according to the time zone.
ISC 모델을 이용한 원주시 대기질에 미치는 오염원별 기여도 분석
송동웅(Dong-Woong Song),박창모(Chang-Mo Park) 상지대학교 환경과학기술연구소 2000 환경과학연구 Vol.6 No.1
본 연구에서는 원주시를 대상으로, ISC3모델을 이용하여, 주요 대기오염물질인 NO₂와 SO₂에 대한 점ㆍ선ㆍ면오염원별 예측 최고농도와 발생 지점 그리고 문막공단, 우산공단지점 그리고 원주지방환경관리청에서 자동측정망을 설치하여 운영중인 중앙동, 명륜동 지점에서의 오염원별 기여도를 분석하였다. 연구결과, NO₂는 선오염원의 기여도가 가장 높았으며, 장ㆍ단기 최고농도발생지점에서의 기여도는 약 98%를 차지하였다. SO₂는 최고농도발생지점에서 NO₂와는 달리 면오염원에 의한 기여도가 높이 나타났으며, 장ㆍ단기 예측에서 약 84%의 기여도를 보였다. 각 지점별 기여도 분석에서는 NO₂의 경우 전지점에서 선오염원에 의한 기여도가 가장 높았고, SO₂의 경우, 중앙동, 명륜동 지점에서는 면오염원에 의한 기여도가 높았지만, 공단지역은 정오염원에 의한 영향이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 4~5종 사업장이 면오염원에 포함된 것을 고려한다면 전체적으로 점오염원에 의한 기여도가 많은 부분을 차지할 것으로 판단된다. 원주지역에서, SO₂의 경우는 매년 감소추세에 있으며, 환경기준을 크게 밑돌고 있어 큰 문제가 없으나, NO₂의 경우 최근 증가추세에 있는 오존농도와 밀접한 관련이 있어, 위의 연구결과로 볼 때, NO₂농도에 크게 기여하고 있는 선오염원에 대한 관리와 오염방지대책수립이 시급할 것으로 판단된다. 원주지방환경관리청에서 운영중인 자동측정망의 계절별, 지역별 실측치와 모델링에 의한 예측치 비교에서, SO₂의 경우 상관계수가 0.9 이상으로 높게 나타났으며, 농도비 또한 약 1.5로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. NO₂의 경우 상관계수가 0.7~0.8 양호한 상관계수를 보였으나, 농도비는 4~5로 높게 예측되었다. 이는 NO₂의 경우 반응성물질로 대기중에 방출된 후 다른 물질로 변환되는 과정을 ISC 모델에서 제대로 고려하지 못하여, 모델의 정합도가 떨어지는 것으로 판단되며, NO₂와 같은 반응성 물질의 예측에 필요한 모델링 기법의 개발이 요구된다. In this study, each sources contribution for air quality in Wonju city using ISC3 models for NO₂, SO₂ of important air pollutants was analyzed, and the estimated highest concentration and its occurrence receptor for each point, line and area sources were also analyzed. Five spots had been selected for analysis of each sources contribution for air quality at each spots. Five spots, for analysis of each sources contribution for air quality, included the highest concentration spot, and MunmakㆍWoosan industrial complex spots, and Jungang, Myungryun dong spots of automatic continuous monitoring stations established by Wonju Environmental Administration. From the results, it was shown that line sources highly contribute to NO₂ level, its contribution rate was 98% of the highest concentration, While, it was shown that area sources highly contribute to SO₂ level, its contribution rate was 84% of the highest concentration. In the contribution analysis of each spots, NO₂ was shown the highest contribution by line sources in all spots and SO₂ was shown the highest contribution by area sources in Joongang, Myungryun spots, however, it was shown relatively higher contribution by point sources in industrial complex. If it was considered that point sources of 4~5 kinds were included to area sources, the contribution was most influenced by point sources. In the area of Wonju city, SO₂ is decreasing yearly and was lower than environmental standard, therefore, SO₂ is no large problem in air pollution. But NO₂ is intimately connected with O₃ concentration which is shown increasing recently. As a result, It will be urgently establish management and pollution prevention plans for which line sources is shown the highest contribution for NO₂ concentration. In comparison with the predicted and measured concentrations, the correlation coefficients for SO₂ were greater than 0.9, also, the ratio of concentration was nearly the same as some 1.5 times. The correlation coefficients for NO₂ were 0.7~0.8, however, the ratio of concentration was highly estimated as 4~5 times. This is caused by reaction of NO₂ in atmosphere, the validation of ISC3 is fallen because ISC3 does not consider NO₂ which is contributed formation of another air pollutants(O₃, PAN etc). Therefore, it is required the development of modeling techniques dealing with reactive pollutant such as NO₂.