부영양호 퇴적층으로부터 용존유기물의 용출특성

박제철 ( Park Je Cheol ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3

This study was conducted to estimate the internal dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loading from sediment in eutrophic shallow Lake Kasumigaura. Contents of water and organic carbon were about 80% and 6.3% with depth in the sediment, respectively. The highest DOC concentration in porewater (104mg C/I) was observed in September suggesting that the porewater could play an important role as an internal loading of DOC. Results of DOC release experiments showed that the labile-DOC(L-DOC) release was not detected in the oxic condition, while refractory-DOC (R-DOC) release was detected. The L-DOC and R-DOC release rates in the anoxic coditiion ranged from 14.5~48.6, 14.4~27.3 mgC m^(-2)d^(-1), respectively. The current study showed that L-DOC released in the oxic condition was rapidly utilized by aerobic bacteria, in contrast, L-DOC and R-DOC released in anoxic codition were slowly utilized by anaerobic bacteria. These results suggested that L-DOC and R-DOC were closely relation to sediment release and most of the R-DOC released could be an important source of DOC in eutrophic lakes during summer. Therefore, R-DOC pool should be added as one of the important energy source for microbial-based aquatic food webs in eutrophic lakes

신경 가소성과 신경학적 영화/미디어 관람성

박제철(Park, Je-cheol) 한국영화학회 2018 영화연구 Vol.0 No.75

본 논문은 신경학적 영화/미디어 관람성을 상이한 방식으로 이론화하고 있는 토르벤 그로달, 패트리샤 피스터스, 파시 발리아호의 연구를 비교 분석함으로써 이 새로운 흐름의 관람성 연구의 주요 특징과 의의 그리고 한계를 면밀히 밝히고자 한다. 이 비교에 앞서 본 논문은 신경과학과 신경학적 관람성 연구 모두에 핵심적인 ‘신경 가소성’ 개념에 관한 신경과학에서의 논의를 검토하고 아울러 이 논의에 대한 비판적 개입으로 카트린 말라부가 제안한 ‘부정적 가소성’ 개념을 살펴볼 것이다. 신경학적 영화/미디어 관람성을 이론화하는 세 연구는 비록 신경과학의 주요 개념들과 이론들을 공통적으로 참조함에도 불구하고 상당한 차이가 있는데, 본 필자는 이러한 차이가 무엇보다 그 연구들이 현행 신경과학의 논의를, 특히 ‘신경 가소성’ 개념을 얼마나 ‘비판적으로’ 전유하고 있는가에 달려있음을 보여줄 것이다. 본 필자는 또한 이 연구들의 차이가 어떻게 각각의 연구의 기저에 깔린 정치적 입장, 특히 신자유주의적 세계 질서에 대해 취하는 정치적 입장과 관련되어 있는지를 보여줄 것이다. This paper explores the features, significance, and limitations of theories of neurological film/media spectatorship by comparing recent three scholarly works that theorize film and media spectatorship drawing on neuroscientific discourses: Torben Grodal’s, Patricia Pisters’s, and Pasi Valiaho’s. Before undertaking this task of comparison, I examine the concept of neuroplasticity elaborated in the neurosciences as well as Catherine Malabou’s concept of negative plasticity, both of which have been crucial to the neurosciences as well as neurological film/media discourses. Although the three works draw on the same key neuroscientific concepts and theories, there are considerable differences between them. These differences, I argue, mainly depend on the ways in which each work engages and appropriates the notion of neuroplasticity. Through this comparison, this paper further reveals how the differences between the works come from those between the authors’ underlying political stances vis-a-vis the neoliberal world order.

욕망하는 국민 공동체로 싱가포르를 상상하기

박제철(Park, Je Cheol) 동국대학교 영상미디어센터 2016 씨네포럼 Vol.0 No.23

싱가포르 대안 영화의 역사에 있어서 에릭 쿠는 가장 중요한 인물중의 한 사람이며 학계에서는 그의 영화에 대한 연구가 많이 나왔다. 그의 영화 중 학계의 가장 주목을 받은 영화는 단연 1997년 작 <12층 12 Storeys>이다. 기존의 연구들은 주로 이 영화를 훈육적 질서에 반항하는 인물들을 통해서 싱가포르의 훈육권력에 도전하는 ‘대항-담화’로 자리매김하였지만 그러한 접근은 아이러니하게도 이 영화가 어떻게 훈육권력에 포섭되는지를 보여주는 독해를 초래하고 말았다. 즉 이 영화를 일종의 대항-담화로 읽게 되면, 그 영화가 어떻게, 훈육적 규범에 대한 위반까지도 가시화하는 판옵티콘적 시각 장치를 오히려 강화하는 데 기여하게 되는지를 보여주게 될 뿐이라는 것이다. 이 논문에서 본 연구자는 후기 라캉적 관점에서 기존 연구들의 맹점을 지적하면서 <12층>이 어떻게 잠재적인 제3의 목격자의 응시를 출현시켜 판옵티콘적 시각을 동요시키는지를 보여준다. 그리고 본 연구자는 또한 이러한 동요가 어떻게 관객-주체로 하여금 인물들 간의 관계 속에서 훈육적인 의미작용적 질서를 빠져나가는 욕망의 실재를 직감하게 하는지를 강조한다. 마지막으로 본 연구자는 이 영화에서 직감되는 인물들 간의 불가해한 욕망의 관계가 어떻게 관객-주체로 하여금 베네딕트 앤더슨이 제안한 것과는 다른 대안적인 방식으로 싱가포르 국민적 공동체를 상상할 수 있게 하는 기초가 되는지를 지적한다. 쿠의 다른 어떤 영화보다도 이 영화는 관객-주체로 하여금 싱가포르를 국민 공동체로 상상하도록 하는 국민 영화의 기능을 탁월하게 수행하고 있다. 이는 이 영화가 사회 성원들 간의 소외와 단절의 문제로부터 출발하여 새로운 결속의 가능성을 찾는 것을 핵심적인 주제로 하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 데이비드 보드웰이 “네트워크 내러티브”라고 지칭하는 플롯 장치, 즉 서로 전혀 모르는 여러 인물들의 상황을 엮어 짜는 내러티브 장치를 적극 활용하고 있기 때문이다. 어떤 점에서 이 영화는 앤더슨이 제안한 방식으로 국민 공동체를 상상하도록 하는 것처럼 보이지만 하지만 이 영화에 대한 나의 대안적 독해는 이 영화가 어떻게 앤더슨이 제안한 것과는 달리 ‘욕망하는’ 국민 공동체로서 싱가포르를 상상할 수 있게 하는지를 분명히 보여준다. Eric Khoo is one of the most important art-house filmmakers in Singapore, and there have been a number of scholarly writings about his films. It is his film 12 Storeys (1997) that has most interested film scholars. The existing scholarship on this film mostly considers the film to be a counter-discourse that challenges the disciplinary power in Singapore. But this approach has ended up ironically showing how this film is subsumed under this power. In other words, reading this film as a counter-discourse shows nothing but how the film ends up strengthening the panoptic visual apparatus that supports disciplinary power by visualizing even the transgressions of disciplinary norms. Drawing on a late Lacanian theoretical framework, this paper reveals the blind spots of the existing scholarship on this film and argues how the film, by involving a potential witness" gaze, interrupts and dismantles the panoptic vision. Also, I highlights how this disturbance allows the spectator-subject to feel the Real of the Other"s desire, which eludes the signifying processes, in the relationships between the film characters. Finally, I note how the unfathomable relations of desire between characters can serve as the matrix of the alternatively imagined Singaporean national community different from that proposed by Benedict Anderson. It should be noted that 12 Storeys performs --more effectively than any other films by Khoo--the task of allowing the spectator-subject to imagine Singapore as a national community. This is not only because the film deals with the themes of social subjects" isolations and the lack of communication between them but because it very efficiently employs a narrative strategy Bordwell calls “network narrative,” which interweaves the disparate situations of individuals who do not know one another. At first sight, it appears that the film allows the spectator to imagine a Singapore national community just as Anderson proposes. But my alternative reading of it reveals how the film, in a different way from Anderson suggests, allows the spectatorsubject to imagine Singapore as a “desiring” national community.

생물학적 공정을 이용한 음식물쓰레기의 처리

박완철 ( Wan-cheol Park ),김태형 ( Tae-hyung Kim ),이미애 ( Mi-ae Lee ),최근형 ( Geun-hyung Choi ),조길영 ( Gil-young Cho ),박제철 ( Je-chul Park ) 한국환경기술학회 2009 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 가정과 대중음식점 등에서 배출되는 음식물쓰레기를 처리하기 위한 공정개발을 위하여 수행되었으며 처리공정에 대한 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 생물학적 처리공정의 운전기간 동안 최종 유출수의 평균 유기물질 농도는 BOD₅ 134mg/L, COD_Cr 1,398mg/L, SS 419mg/L를 보였고, 전체 평균 제거효율은 BOD₅ 99.8%, COD_Cr 99.1%, SS 99.6%로 매우 높게 나타났다. 간혹 슬러지의 유출 등으로 유기물질 농도가 일시적으로 높아지는 경우도 있었으나 전반적으로 안정된 처리효율을 보였다. 음식물쓰레기의 질소형태는 유기성 질소가 대부분을 차지하여 전체 TKN 중 97%를 넘는 것으로 분석되었다. 운전기간 동안 유출수의 질소는 TKN의 경우 농도 변화폭이 심하였으나 평균131mg/L를 보였고, NH₄-N 평균 농도는 60mg/L를 나타냈다. 유출수의 TKN 중 NH₄-N의 비율은 45.8%를 차지했으며, 유출수의 평균 NO_x-N 농도는 8.3mg/L를 나타낸 것으로 보아 대부분 탈질이 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 유출수의 T-P 농도는 31∼89mg/L로 평균 52mg/L를 보이며 90.9%의 제거효율을 나타냈다. This study was conducted to develop a treatment system to remove existing contaminations in food wastes from houses, restaurants and distribution centers. The results of the experiment in this study are as follows: On average, organic concentrations of final effluent during the biological treatment process were recorded BOD₅ 134mg/L, COD_Cr 1,398mg/L and SS 419mg/L. And overall removal efficiencies with respect to our treatment operation showed positive results with BOD₅ 99.8%, COD_Cr 99.1% and SS 99.6%. Sometimes, organic concentrations of final effluent were temporarily high due to sludge outflows. In general, however, the experiment showed stable treatment efficiency. Nitrogen form in food waste was mostly organic nitrogen, and it was analyzed that over 97% of total TKN was organic nitrogen. Despite of the huge variation during the operation, the amount of effluent nitrogen in effluent TKN was an average of 131mg/L and NH₄-N concentration was an average of 60mg/L. The percentage of NH₄-N in effluent TKN was 45.8% and concentration of NO_x-N was 8.3mg/L. The results above showed us that nitrogens in food wastes were mostly denitrified. In addition to the denitrification, during the treatment operation, the concentration amount of effluent phosphorus was around 31~89mg/L. The average effluent phosphorus concentration was 52mg/L and overall phosphorus removal efficiency was 90.9%.

수심이 얕은 부영양 인공호(일감호)의 동,식물플랑크톤 동태학

김호섭 ( Kim Ho Seob ),박제철 ( Park Je Cheol ),황순진 ( Hwa Un Jin ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3

This study was attempted to understand seasonal dynamics of phyto- and zooplankton communities in shallow, eutrophic Lake Ilgam and to compare them with the PEG (Plankton Ecology Group) model. Seasonal succession pattern of phytoplankton community was similar to PEG model as Chlorophyceae and Baciliphyceae increase during spring and sutumn followed by increase of Cyanophyceae. However, based on the cell density and biomass, a dominant phytoplankton community differed with PEG model; Cyanophyceae had been a dominant community throughout a year, except for ice-cover period during which Chlorophyceae was a dominant group. In spring, when ice melted and dissolved nutrients in water column increased, the increase of Cholrophyceae occured; when nutrients(DIN and DIP) rapidly decreased, Cyanophyceae increase occurred. Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Merismopedia were major dominant species of Cyanophyeae and their cell density and/or biomass was the highest in October 2000(12.9±5.8×10^(5) cells/ml, 3.5±0.9×10³ μgC/I). Cyanophyceae biomass showed positive relationship with chlorophyll α (r²=0.71, P<0.001) and TP concentration (r²-0.62, P<0.001). Small-sized rotifers such as Keratella cochlearis, increased between March and May when Chlorophyceae increased. Both high standing crop of copepods and cladocerans, such as Diaphano soma brachyurum and Bosmina longirostris occurred between June and September accompanied with the increase of Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. There was no evidence that clear-water phase was caused by zooplankton grazing. The diversity and evenness index of phyto- and/or zooplankton increased with chlorophyll a concentration. These results suggest zooplankton grazing and limiting nutrient deficiency could lead to change of phytoplankton biomass, but not the phytoplankton community in Lake Ilgam.

Drosophila robusta species group 2종(D. lacertosa와 D. sordidula)의 mtDNA 변이에 의한 종 분화 정도

최준길(Jun Kil Choi),박제철(Je Cheol Park) 한국동물분류학회 1995 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.11 No.4

습지 토양에서 소수성 유기화합물질의 흡착 동력학

신원식 ( Sin Won Sig ),박제철 ( Park Je Cheol ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3

Sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds (chlorobenzene and phenanthrene) in natural wetland soils was investigated using laboratory batch adsorbers. One-site mass transfer model(OSMTM) and two compartment first-order kinetic model (TCFOKM) were used to analyze sorption kinetics. Analysis of OSMTM reveals that apparent sorption equilibria were obtained within 10 to 75 hours for chlorobenzene and 2 hours for phenanthrene, respectively. For cholorobenzene, the sorption equilibrium time for surface soil was longer than that of deeper soil presumable due to physicochemical differences between the soils. For phenanthrene, however, no difference in sorption equilibrium time was observed between the soils. As expected from the number of model parameters involved, the three-parameter TCFOKM was better than the two-parameter OSMTM in describing sorption kinetics. The fraction of fast sorption(f₁) and the first-order sorption rate constants for fast (k₁) and slow (k₂) compartments were determined by fitting experimental data to the TCFOKM. The results of TCFOKM analysis indicate that the sorption rate constant in the fast compartment (k₁) was much greater than that of slow fraction (k₂). The fraction of the fast sorption(f₁) and the sorption rate constant in the fast compartment (k₁) were increasing in the order of increasing K_(ow), phenanthrene>chlorobenzene. The first-order sorption rate constants in the fast(k₁) and slow(k₂) compartments were found to vary from 10^(-0.1) to 10^(1.0) and from 10^(-4) to 10^(-2), respectively.

음식물쓰레기의 장기 혐기성소화 시 암모니아의 영향

최근형 ( Geun-hyung Choi ),김태형 ( Tae-hyung Kim ),이미애 ( Mi-ae Lee ),박완철 ( Wan-cheol Park ),조길영 ( Gil-young Cho ),박제철 ( Je-chul Park ) 한국환경기술학회 2008 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.9 No.4

본 연구에서는 음식물쓰레기의 장기 혐기성소화 시 독성으로 작용하는 암모니아의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 음식물쓰레기의 BOD₅ 및 CODcr 농도는 59,100mg/L 및 155,700mg/L였고, CODcr/BOD₅ 비는 2.7이었다. 운전결과, BOD₅ 및 CODcr 제거효율은 체류시간 80일에서 95.8% 및 87.0%를 보였다. 또한, 체류시간 80일의 경우 암모니아 농도가 3,500mg/L까지 높아졌음에도 혐기성 미생물에는 아무런 영향이 없는 것으로 보아 독성을 유발하는 한계농도도 높아진 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of ammonia which causes a poisonous reaction with respect to the long-term anaerobic digestion for food waste. BOD₅ and CODcr concentrations of food waste in the experiment were 59,100mg/L and 155,700mg/L. The ratio of CODcr/BOD₅ was 2.7. As operation results, the removal efficiencies of BOD₅ and CODcr at 80 day retention time showed 95.8% and 87.0%, respectively. Also, extended acclimation period made the level of toxic limit concentration heighten such that with 80 day retention time, even 3,500mg/L of ammonia concentration does not affect to anaerobic microorganism.

의암호에 서식하는 작은대칭이(Anodonata arcaeformis)와 펄조개(Anodonta woodiana despecta)유생의 기생에 대하여

이준상,박갑만,송호복,박제철,권오길 한국패류학회 1989 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.5 No.1