Anti-wrinkle Effects of Black Snow, Sun, and Red Ginseng Water Extracts on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

박은예,이재순,김영철 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2018 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.37 No.1

A variety of commercially processed ginseng products, including black snow ginseng (BSG), sun ginseng (SG), and red ginseng (RG) are currently available in the market. To evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects of Panax ginseng (BSG, SG, and RG) water extracts (PGWEs: BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE), collagen synthesis and degradation abilities of PGWEs were assessed using human dermal fibroblasts. BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE at the concentration of 50 μg/mL increased type-I procollagen synthesis by 82.7% (p<0.001), 26.9% (p<0.01), and 119.2% (p<0.001), respectively, in comparison to control cells. In comparison to control cells, treatments with 50 μg/mL of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE significantly (p<0.001) decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-1. PGWEs were found to promote collagen synthesis and inhibit its degradation in human dermal fibroblasts. Among PGWEs, RGWE showed the most effective anti-wrinkle effects.

Black Snow, Sun, and Red Ginseng Water Extracts Downregulate the Expression of Genes Related to Melanogenesis in Melan-a Cells

박은예,이순희,김영철 대한미용학회 2017 대한미용학회지 Vol.13 No.4

A variety of ginseng products are currently available on the market, including black snow ginseng (BSG), sun ginseng (SG), and red ginseng (RG). This study evaluated the effects of Panax ginseng (BSG, SG, RG) water extracts (PGWEs: BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE, respectively) on melanogenesis-relevant gene expression in melan-a cells. While mRNA expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF-M, were not affected by arbutin treatment, concentration-dependent treatment with PGWEs (25~100 μg/mL) reduced their expression. SGWE treatment, in particular, elicited a remarkable reduction of MITF-M mRNA expression. The protein expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF, were not affected by arbutin treatment. However, depending upon concentration, treatment with PGWEs (25~100 μg/mL) reduced the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 proteins, relative to control cells. It is noted that treatment with PGWEs (25~100 μg/mL), with the exception of RGWE, did not reduce the expression of MITF protein. These results suggest that the underlying mechanism of PGWE hypopigmentation activity could be based on the inhibition of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins at the transcription level.

백차 열수추출물의 피부 미백효과 -in vivo 시험을 중심으로-

박은예 ( Eun Ye Park ),이태종 ( Tae Jong Lee ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To investigate the whitening effect of Camellia sinensis (white tea) water extract (CSWE), CSWE was applied topically for 8 weeks on the artificial tanning spots which are induced by 1,500 mJ/㎠ of UVB radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs weighing approximately 450-500 g. Visible whitening effect and change in melanin index were evaluated once a week during the experimental period. After finishing the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetic condition and the artificial tanning spots were sampled using biopsy punch and stained with Fontana-Masson`s silver (F-M) and S-100. In gross observation and measurement of melanin index, CSWE had a potent whitening efficacy comparable to hydroquinone (positive control). In histological observation, it was confirmed that CSWE has a positive whitening effect comparable to hydroquinone (positive control) by showing both significantly lower production of melanin pigment and melanocytes in skin epidermis than vehicle control group. Therefore, CSWE can be effective natural botanical material for skin whitening.

백차 열수추출물의 피부 미백 유효성 -in vitro 시험을 중심으로-

박은예 ( Eun Ye Park ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate whitening effect of Camellia sinensis (white tea) water extract (CSWE). The contents of heavy metals (Pb. Hg, As, Cd) in CSWE were under the regulation limits for the cosmetic standard of Korea Food and Drug Administration. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid in CSWE were 80.66 mg/g and 61.88 mg/g, respectively. Electron donating abilities of CSWE and BHT (positive control) showed a dose response relationship and they were 86.6% and 83.7% at 1,000 ppm, respectively. CSWE has potent free radical scavenging activity by showing a little bit higher value than that of BHT. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of CSWE and arbutin (positive control) showed a dose response relationship and CSWE has potent inhibitory activity by showing high value comparable to that of arbutin.

보문 : 자두품종(대석조생, 퍼플킨, 포모사, 헐리웃, 홍로센)에 따른 부위별(과피, 과육) 열수추출물의 항산화능 비교

박은예 ( Eun Ye Park ),신수진 ( Su Jin Shin ),최소영 ( So Young Choi ),김현순 ( Hyun Soon Kim ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2012 대한미용학회지 Vol.8 No.2

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of water extracts of Prunus salicina`s peel and pulp. The polyphenol contents of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin, formosa, hollywood and hongrosen`s peel were 15.6, 14.2, 8.0, 6.1 and 5.7 mg/g, and their pulp were 6.5, 7.5, 5.0, 4.6 and 5.1 mg/g, respectively. Flavonoid contents of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin, formosa, hollywood and hongrosen`s peel were 8.0, 7.5, 7.5, 6.4 and 7.5 mg/g, and their pulp were 6.3, 6.2, 6.0, 6.3 and 6.5 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin, formosa, hollywood and hongrosen`s peel at 1,000 μg/mL were 25.9, 22.5, 14.1, 12.8 and 15.2%, and their pulp were 14.1, 14.1, 11.8, 12.2 and 13.0%, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin, formosa, hollywood and hongrosen`s peel 1,000 μg/mL were 81.4, 85.9, 64.7, 60.0 and 45.1%, and their pulp were 60.5, 41.7, 26.5, 21.6, 30.8%, respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin, formosa, hollywood and hongrosen`s peel 1,000 μg/mL were 33.8, 26.6, 32.9, 31.0, 46.5%, and their pulp were 35.3, 36.3, 35.9, 35.2, 35.3%, respectively. These results suggest that Prunus salicina water extracts have considerable antioxidant activities and could be a useful functional source for the cosmetic materials.

흑설삼, 선삼, 홍삼 열수추출물의 항산화능 및 피부미백 효능 비교

박은예 ( Eun Ye Park ),이승자 ( Sung Ja Rhie ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2017 대한미용학회지 Vol.13 No.3

There is a variety of commercial ginseng products currently available in the market, including red ginseng (RG), black snow ginseng (BSG), and sun ginseng (SG). The objective of the study was to evaluate the putative effects of processed Panax ginseng (BSG, SG, RG) water extracts (PGWEs: BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE, respectively) on antioxidant ability as well as melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in melan-a cells. The total polyphenol contents of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE were 12.0, 8.3, and 7.7 mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE were 16.7, 8.4, and 7.9 mg/g, respectively. The electron donating abilities of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE at 1,000 μg/mL were 11.0%, 11.0%, and 8.3%, respectively. The inhibitory effects of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE on both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were found to be equivalent or more potent than those of positive control arbutin. These results indicate that PGWEs can be used as functional cosmetic materials for the prevention or alleviation of skin pigmentation.

가정환경이 음악학습능력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 강릉지역의 중학생을 중심으로

박은예, 최영진 가톨릭관동대학교 교육과학연구소 2015 교육과학 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

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대석조생, 퍼플킨, 포모사 자두품종 과피 열수추출물의 피부미백 효능

박은예 ( Eun Ye Park ),이순희 ( Soon Hee Lee ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This study was carried out to compare the whitening efficacy of water-soluble extracts from Prunus salicina`s (daeseokjosaeng, purplekin, formosa) peel. The total polyphenol contents of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa were 15.6, 14.2 and 8.0 mg/g, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa were 8.0, 7.5 and 7.5mg/g, respectively. The electron donating abilities of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa at 1,000μg/mL concentration were 25.9, 22.5 and 41.1%, respectively. In the whitening efficacy tests using melan-a cells, the maximum permissible level of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa was ascertained as 100μg/mL. The melanin synthetic abilities of arbutin, daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa at 50 μg/mL concentration significantly (p?0.001) reduced by 35.9, 28.5, 28.9 and 25.9%, respectively. The intra-cellular tyrosinase activities of arbutin, daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa at 50 μg/mL concentration significantly (p?0.001) reduced by 39.6, 34.3, 36.6 and 37.1%, respectively. The cell-extracted tyrosinase activities of arbutin, daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa at 50 μg/mL concentration significantly (p?0.001) reduced by 55.9, 43.1, 44.7 and 38.4%, respectively. Taken the results in consideration, water-soluble extracts from the peels of daeseokjosaeng, purplekin and formosa effectively inhibited melanin synthesis via inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Therefore, they could be used as the functional natural material for the whitening cosmetics.

홍차추출물 함유 누드팩의 Hairless 마우스 피부주름 형성 억제효과

김영철,박은예,김상남,유용기,박미순,이귀영,이석준,장병수,Kim, Young-Chul,Park, Eun-Ye,Kim, Sang-Nam,Yoo, Yong-Gi,Park, Mi-Soon,Lee, Gui-Yeong,Lee, Suk-Jun,Chang, Byung-Soo 한국현미경학회 2011 Applied microscopy Vol.41 No.2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of nude pack containing black tea water extract (NPBT) on skin wrinkle formation in hairless mice. Skin wrinkles were induced by UVB irradiation to the backs of hairless mice for 5 weeks. And at the same time, NPBT was applied topically. Wrinkle formation, histological changes, expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and protein activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed or analyzed. Wrinkles for the control group were formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Whereas wrinkles for the NPBT treated group were formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, and their wrinkle areas were significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control group. Collagen fibers were arranged irregularly and sparse in density and some elastic fibers were degenerated in the control group, while they were almost intact in the NPBT treated group. MMP-3 mRNA expression in the control group was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the normal group, and that of NPBT treated group was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control group. The NPBT treated group showed remarkably lower protein activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 than the control group. NPBT could have a considerable inhibitory effect on skin wrinkle formation in hairless mice. 홍차함유 누드팩의 피부주름 형성 억제효과를 알아보기 위해 SKH-1 hairless 마우스 등 부위에 UVB를 5주간 조사하여 주름을 유발시키고 이와 병행하여 홍차함유 누드팩을 도포한 실험에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 육안적인 피부주름 양상 비교에서, 대조군은 정상군에 비해 주름 능선의 두께가 굵고 간격이 넓으며 주름이 깊게 형성된 반면, retinoic acid를 도포한 양성대조군과 홍차함유 누드팩 도포군은 대조군에 비해 상대적으로 주름 능선의 두께가 얇고 간격이 좁은 양상을 띠었으며 주름 총넓이 수치가 유의하게(p<0.001) 낮았다. (2) 피부의 조직학적 관찰에서, 대조군은 정상군에 비해 진피층내 교원섬유의 배열이 불규칙하고 양이 많이 줄어들었으며 변성된 탄력섬유가 군데군데 엉겨 있는 탄력섬유증이 관찰된 반면, 양성대조군과 홍차함유 누드팩 도포군은 대조군에 비해 상대적으로 교원섬유의 배열이 규칙적이고 밀도가 조밀하며 변성된 탄력섬유의 양이 줄어 있었다. (3) 피부조직의 MMP-3 mRNA 발현량 측정 결과, 정상군에 비해 대조군은 유의하게(p<0.001) 높았으며 양성대조군과 홍차함유 누드팩 도포군은 대조군에 비해 유의하게(p<0.001) 낮았다. MMP-2와 MMP-9 단백질 활성 측정 결과, 대조군은 정상군에 비해 현저하게 높은 반면, 양성대조군과 홍차함유 누드팩 도포군은 대조군보다 현저하게 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여, 홍차함유 누드팩 도포군은 hairless 마우스에서 세포외 기질단백질의 분해 억제와 피부주름 형성 억제효과를 보였음을 확인하였다.

부모의 학대와 중학생의 학교폭력 가해행동간 관계 : 자기통제력과 가족지지의 조절효과

김지영,박은예 한국청소년학회 2013 청소년학연구 Vol.20 No.9

The purpose of this study was to explore whether self-control and social support have moderating effects in the relationship between abuse by parents and school violence behavior among middle school students. Data were collected from 344 middle school students in two middle schools. We used hierarchical regression to analyze the data. The results were as follows. First, the interaction of abuse by parents and self-control affected school violence behavior. It means that even though the levels of abuse by parents are high when the levels of self-control are high, the levels of school violence behavior are lower than self-control being low. Second, the interaction of abuse by parents and family support, one sub-factor of social support, affected school violence behavior. It means that even though the levels of abuse by parents are high when the levels of family support are high, the levels of school violence behavior are lower than family support being low. These results present that self-control and family support are protective factors to alleviate the negative effect of abuse by parents on school violence behavior among middle school students. We discussed the interventions to reduce and prevent school violence behavior based on the results. 본 연구에서는 부모의 학대와 중학생의 학교폭력 가해행동간의 관계에서 자기통제력과 사회적 지지가 조절효과를 나타내는지 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충청북도에 소재한 2개 중학교에서 설문조사한 후 344명의 자료를 사용하여 위계적 회귀분석으로 연구문제를 검증하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 자기통제력은 부모의 학대와 상호작용하여 중학생의 학교폭력 가해행동에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 부모의 학대 수준이 높더라도 자기통제력이 높으면 자기통제력이 낮을 때보다도 학교폭력 가해행동을 더 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 지지의 하위요인 중 가족지지가 부모의 학대와 상호작용하여 학교폭력 가해행동에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 부모의 학대 수준이 높더라도 가족지지가 많으면 가족지지가 적을 때보다도 학교폭력 가해행동을 더 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 자기통제력과 가족지지가 부모의 학대가 중학생의 학교폭력에 미치는 부정적 영향을 완화시키는 보호요인임을 보여주는 것이다. 논의에서는 연구결과를 바탕으로 중학생의 학교폭력 감소와 예방을 위한 상담 및 교육적 개입방법에 대해 기술하였다.