http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
박원식,오경환,안석진,서동수,Park, Won-Shik,Oh, Kyoung-Hwan,An, Suk-Jin,Suhr, Dong-Soo 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.5
Activated magnetite ($Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$) was applied to reducing $CO_2$ gas emissions to avoid greenhouse effects. Wet and dry methods were developed as a $CO_2$ removal process. One of the typical dry methods is $CO_2$ decomposition using activated magnetite ($Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$). Generally, $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ is manufactured by reduction of $Fe_3O_4$ by $H_2$ gas. This process has an explosion risk. Therefore, a non-explosive process to make $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was studied using $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $N_2$. $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $(NH_4)_2C_2O_4{\cdot}H_2O$ were used as starting materials. So, ${\alpha}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was synthesized by precipitation method. During the calcination process, $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was decomposed to $Fe_3O_4$, CO, and $CO_2$. The specific surface area of the activated magnetite varied with the calcination temperature from 15.43 $m^2/g$ to 9.32 $m^2/g$. The densities of $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $Fe_3O_4$ were 2.28 g/$cm^3$ and 5.2 g/$cm^3$, respectively. Also, the $Fe_3O_4$ was reduced to $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ by CO. From the TGA results in air of the specimen that was calcined at $450^{\circ}C$ for three hours in $N_2$ atmosphere, the ${\delta}$-value of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was estimated. The ${\delta}$-value of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was 0.3170 when the sample was heat treated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and 0.6583 when the sample was heat treated at $450^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was oxidized to $Fe_3O_4$ when $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was reacted with $CO_2$ because $CO_2$ is decomposed to C and $O_2$.
박원식,오경환,이상인,서동수,Park, Won-Shik,Oh, Kyoung-Hwan,Rhee, Sang-In,Suhr, Dong-Soo 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Activated magnetite ($Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$) has the capability of decomposing $CO_2$ proportional to the ${\delta}$-value at comparatively low temperature of $300^{\circ}C$. To enhance the $CO_2$ decomposition capability of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$, $(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ and $(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ were synthesized and then reacted with $CO_2$. $Fe_{1-x}Co_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ powders having Fe to Co mixing ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5 were synthesized by co-precipitation of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $CoSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ solutions with a $(NH_4)_2C_2O_4{\cdot}H_2O$ solution. The same method was used to synthesize $Fe_{1-x}Mn_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ powders having Fe to Mn mixing ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5 with a $MnSO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$ solution. The thermal decomposition of synthesized $Fe_{1-x}Co_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $Fe_{1-x}Mn_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was analyzed in an Ar atmosphere with TG/DTA. The synthesized powders were heat-treated for 3 hours in an Ar atmosphere at $450^{\circ}C$ to produce activated powders of $(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ and $(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$. The activated powders were reacted with a mixed gas (Ar : 85 %, $CO_2$ : 15 %) at $300^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. The exhaust gas was analyzed for $CO_2$ with a $CO_2$ gas analyzer. The decomposition of $CO_2$ was estimated by measuring $CO_2$ content in the exhaust gas after the reaction with $CO_2$. For $(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$, the amount of $Mn^{2+}$ oxidized to $Mn^{3+}$ increased as x increased. The ${\delta}$ value and $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency decreased as x increased. When the ${\delta}$ value was below 0.641, $CO_2$ was not decomposed. For $(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$, the ${\delta}$ value and $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency increased as x increased. At a ${\delta}$ value of 0.857, an active state was maintained even after 12 hours of reaction and the amount of decomposed $CO_2$ was $52.844cm^3$ per 1 g of $(Fe_{0.5}Co_{0.5})_3O_{4-{\delta}}$.
오경환,박원식,이상인,서동수,Oh, Kyoung-Hwan,Park, Won-Shik,Rhee, Sang-In,Suhr, Dong-Soo 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.11
A general synthetic method to make $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ (activated magnetite) is the reduction of $Fe_3O_4$ by $H_2$ atmosphere. However, this process has an explosion risk. Therefore, we studied the process of synthesis of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ depending on heat-treatment conditions using $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ in Ar atmosphere. The thermal decomposition characteristics of $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and the ${\delta}$-value of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ were analyzed with TG/DTA in Ar atmosphere. ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was synthesized by precipitation method using $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $(NH_4)_2C_2O_4{\cdot}H_2O$. The concentration of the solution was 0.1 M and the equivalent ratio was 1.0. ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was decomposed to $H_2O$ and $FeC_2O$4 from $150^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$. $FeC_2O4$ was decomposed to CO, $CO_2$, and $Fe_3O_4$ from $200^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$. Single phase $Fe_3O_4$ was formed by the decomposition of ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ in Ar atmosphere. However, $Fe_3C$, Fe and $Fe_4N$ were formed as minor phases when ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was decomposed in $N_2$ atmosphere. Then, $Fe_3O_4$ was reduced to $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ by decomposion of CO. The reduction of $Fe_3O_4$ to $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ progressed from $320^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$; the reaction was exothermic. The degree of exothermal reaction was varied with heat treatment temperature, heating rate, Ar flow rate, and holding time. The ${\delta}$-value of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was greatly influenced by the heat treatment temperature and the heating rate. However, Ar flow rate and holding time had a minor effect on ${\delta}$-value.
환율변동이 우리나라 수출의 품목별 · 지역별 가격행태에 미치는 영향 분석
홍승기(Seung Gee Hong),박원식(Won Shik Park) 한국경제연구학회 2017 한국경제연구 Vol.35 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 수출가격의 시장중시가격 설정행태(Pricing to Market: PTM)를 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 수출가격의 환율전가율을 패널 데이터를 이용하여 추정하였다. 즉, 우리나라의 Standard International Trade Classification(SITC) 2단위 품목 중 수출규모가 큰 30개 품목과 동 품목들의 5대 수출지역(국가)을 분석대상으로 선정하여 품목별 · 지역별 수출단가(수출금액/수출물량)를 산출한 후 Knetter(1995)의 분석방법을 원용한 분석모형을 통해 환율변동이 우리나라 수출의 품목별 · 지역별 가격행태에 미치는 영향을 추정하였다. 추정결과, 우선 30개 품목 중 2개 이상의 지역에서 환율전가율이 통계적으로 유의하게 추정된 품목은 11개 품목이었으며, 대부분의 경우 환율전가율이 매우 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 다음으로 유의하게 추정된 11개 품목의 지역별 환율전가율이 같다는 귀무가설은 모두 기각되지 않았다. 이러한 추정 결과는 우리나라 수출기업들은 환율변동에도 불구하고 수출가격(수출지역통화표시)을 거의 변화시키지 않고 있으며, 수출가격행태도 수출지역별로 다르지 않다는 것을 의미한다. This paper analyzes the Pricing to Market(PTM) behavior of Korean export prices by estimating the exchange rate pass-through of Korean export prices with panel data. To estimate them, we selected the top 30 export products by 2 digit Standard International Trade Classification(SITC) and 5 largest export destinations of each product. Then, we calculated the export unit price(export amount divided by export quantity) for each product by destinations. Finally, we estimated the exchange rate pass-through using the model proposed by Knetter(1995). Among several findings, first, 11 products have statistically significant exchange rate pass-through estimates for more than two destinations, and most of these estimates are very low. Second, the null hypotheses that significant exchange rate pass-through estimates are identical across the different destination are not rejected for all 11 products. These results indicate that the exchange rate fluctuations have little effect on the export pricing behavior of Korea and this behavior is not different across destinations.