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역삼투막 공정에서 비산화성 살균제 주입 개선을 통한 미생물 증식 억제효과 향상
박덕준 ( Duk Joon Park ),오은정 ( Eun Jung Oh ),강은희 ( Eun Hee Kang ),김병군 ( Byung Goon Kim ),김홍석 ( Hong Suck Kim ) 한국수처리학회 2017 한국수처리학회지 Vol.25 No.1
RO membrane`s surface that accumulated biofilm(biofouling) is removed by disinfectant(biocide). Usually biocide for RO`s biofouling removal uses oxidizing biocide(NaOCl) and non-oxidizing biocide. At the condition that have a high concentration of biofilms was more removed by only using the non-oxidizing biocide on the RO membrane surface than using both oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocide. Also the single use of non-oxidizing biocide enhanced operating time of RO membrane and that reducing differential pressure`s rising and minimizing the operating cost by the stop using RO`s Chemicals ; NaOCl and NaHSO<sub>3</sub>.
박덕준 ( Park Duckjun ) 한국중국언어학회 2019 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.83
本文从语义、句法、语用的角度, 探讨了副词‘从来’, ‘历来’, ‘向来’的区别性特征。 首先, 在句法上, ‘历来’用作定语的频率很高, ‘从来’用作状语的频率很高, 而‘从来’可用作状语, 很少用于定语。与谓语动词同现时, ‘从来’常与非自主动词的存在动词同现, ‘历来’常与非自主动词的抽象动词和存在动词同现, 而‘从来’则比较自由, 自主动词和非自主动词都能同现。这三个副词与动词的同现呈现互补性分布。‘历来’能自由地与各种状语同现, 而‘从来’和‘向来’可与否定、范围副词同现。语料显示, ‘从来’用于否定句的比率高达80%以上。并发现有‘从来不’, ‘从来沒’变为‘从不’, ‘从沒’的词汇化现象。句型上, ‘从来’常用于被动句、使动句、连动句, ‘向来’, ‘历来’的使用频率较低。 在语义上, 经分析显示, ‘从来’, ‘历来’, ‘向来’的相似性上的语义特征为[持续性], [一贯性]。区别性上的语义特征是, ‘从来’具有[始发性]的语义特征, ‘历来’具有[历史性]的语义特征, ‘向来’具有[习惯性]的语义特征。 在语用上, ‘历来’主要用于书面语, ‘向来’主要用于口语, ‘从来’可用在口语和书面语。语料显示, ‘历来’, ‘向来’用于中性的场合, ‘从来’用于夸张的场合。形态上, ‘从来’能以ABAB式来重叠, ‘历来’, ‘向来’则不能重叠。 There is a wide range of synonyms in the Chinese vocabulary system. Many of these synonyms have the same morphemes, and they are very close in meaning and usage. However, there are subtle differences in some examples, such as ‘Conglai(从來)’, ‘Lilai(历來)’, ‘Xianglai(向來)’. This paper aims to analyze the usages of these words ‘Conglai’, ‘Lilai’, ‘Xianglai’ focusing on their syntactic and semantic behaviors, based on the BCC corpus and the CCL corpus. We observe that ‘Lilai’ is used as modifiers, while ‘Conglai’ ‘Xianglai’ are used as adverbs. We also observe that ‘Xianglai’ is used both with controllable verbs and with uncontrollable verbs, while ‘Lilai’, ‘Xianglai’ are used only with uncontrollable verbs. We further observe that there are distinctive semantic features among these words; that is, ‘Conglai’, ‘Lilai’, ‘Xianglai’ have the semantic features such as [durability] and [consistency] in common, but ‘Conglai’ has [start] and ‘Lilai’ has [historicity], while ‘Xianglai’ has [tendency].