한국 성인 남녀의 엽산 영양상태와 혈장 호모시스테인 농도

민혜선(Min Hyesun) 韓國營養學會 2001 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.34 No.4

엽산과 비타민 B₁₂ 결핍에 의한 호모시스테인혈증 흰쥐의 조직내 비타민 지표간의 상관관계 분석

민혜선(Min Hyesun),김미숙(Kim Misook) 韓國營養學會 2009 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.42 No.5

본 연구는 흰쥐를 대상으로 엽산결핍 또는 엽산결핍/비타민 B₁₂결핍/0.3% 호모시스틴 식이의 공급을 통해 각각 경미한 호모시스테인혈증과 중위의 호모시스테인혈증을 유도한 후, 혈장, 간 및 뇌 조직내 메티오닌 대사회로 biomarker와 엽산 농도 사이의 상관관계를 분석함으로써 영양성 호모시스테인혈증의 특성을 규명할 목적으로 실시하였다. 6 주령 Sprague-Dawley 숫컷 쥐에게 엽산이 충분한 식이 (FS), 엽산결핍식이 (FD), 또는 동일 식이에 호모시스틴을 첨가한 식이 (FSH and FDH), 엽산결핍/비타민 B₁₂ 결핍/호모시스틴 첨가 식이 (FDHCD)를 8주간 공급하였다. 1) FD와 FDH 식이군은 경미한 호모시스테인혈증을 (17.41 ± 1.94 n㏖/mL) 나타냈으며, FDHCD 식이군은 중위의 호모시스테인혈증을 (44.13 ± 2.65 n㏖/mL) 나타내어 엽산과 비타민 B₁₂결핍에 의한 영양성 호모시스테인혈증의 모델로 이용할 수 있었다. 2) FD, FDH, FDHCD 식이군의 간 (p < 0.001)과 뇌조직 (p < 0.01) 내 엽산 농도는 FS, FSH군 보다 유의적으로 낮았으나, FD, FDH, FDHCD 식이군의 간 및 뇌조직의 엽산농도 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이와 대조적으로 혈장 엽산 농도는 FDHCD 식이군 (126.5 ± 9.6 n㏖/L)이 FD, FDH 식이군 (21.1 ± 1.4 n㏖/L, 22.0 ± 2.2 n㏖/L)(p < 0.001) 보다 약 6배 높았으며, 이는 비타민 B₁₂ 결핍에 의한“methyl-folate trap”으로 인해 엽산이 효율적으로 조직내 보유되지 못하고 혈류로 나와 소변을 통해 배설되기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 3) FD와 FDH 식이군의 간조직의 SAH 농도는 각각 대조군 보다 44% 및 50%씩 증가되었고 (p < 0.001), 간 SAM 농도는 각각 대조군 보다 72%, 71% 저하되었으며 (p < 0.001), 그 결과 두 군 모두 SAM/SAH 비율이 대조군 보다 약 80% 저하되었다 (p < 0.001). 한편 FDHCD 식이군의 간 SAH 농도를 대조군과 비교할 때 대조군 보다 107% 증가되었고 (p < 0.001), SAM 농도는 대조군 보다 81% 저하되었으며 (p < 0.001), 그 결과 SAM/SAH 비율이 대조군 보다 약 90% 저하되어 매우 낮은 SAM/SAH 비율을 나타냈다 (p < 0.001). 뇌조직 SAM 농도는 엽산결핍, 비타민 B₁₂ 결핍 및 호모시스틴 급여에 의해 영향을 받지 않고 대조군과 유사한 수준을 보여 뇌조직내 SAM의 항상성을 나타냈으나, FDHCD 식이군의 뇌조직 SAH 농도는 대조군 보다 60% 증가되었으며 (p < 0.05), 그 결과 SAM/SAH 비율은 대조군 보다 약 28% 저하되었다 (p < 0.05). 따라서 중위의 호모시스테인혈증을 나타낸 실험군에서만 뇌조직의 SAH 농도가 증가되었다. 4) 영양결핍 (엽산 또는 비타민 B₁₂)에 의한 호모시스테인혈증의 특성을 조사할 목적으로 혈장, 간 및 뇌 조직내 메티오닌 대사회로 biomarker와 엽산 농도 사이의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 혈장 호모시스테인은 간 엽산과 음의 상관관계 (r = -0.641, p < 0.01)을 보였으나, 뇌 엽산 또는 혈장 엽산과는 유의적인 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 이와 대조적으로 FDHCD 식이군을 제외시킨 나머지 네개의 실험군 자료만으로 상관관계를 분석하였을 때 혈장 호모시스테인과 뇌 엽산 (r = -0.321, p < 0.05), 혈장 엽산(r = -0.581, p < 0.01), 간 엽산 (r = -0.684, p < 0.01) 사이에 모두 유의적인 상관관계를 나타냈다. 혈장 호모시스테인과 간조직의 SAH 및 SAM 농도 사이의 상관관계는 FDHCD군을 제외시킨 나머지 네개의 실험군 자료만으로 상관관계를 분석하였을 때 뇌조직 SAH 농도들 제외한 모든 상관계수가 전체실험군 자료로 분석한 경우보다 높았다. 따라서 엽산결핍/비타민 B₁₂결핍으로 인한 호모시스테인혈 Folate and vitamin B₁₂ are essential cofactors for homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. Homocysteinemia has been related with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease. We examined the effect of folate and/or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency on biomarkers of one carbon metabolism in blood, liver and brain, and analyzed the correlation between vitamin biomarkers in mild and moderate homocysteinemia. In this study, Sprague-Dawley male rats (5 groups, n = 10) were fed folatesufficient diet (FS), folate-deficient diet (FD) with 0 or 3 g homocystine (FSH and FDH), and folate-/vitamin B₁₂-deficient diet with 3 g homocystine (FDHCD) for 8 weeks. The FDH diet induced mild homocysteinemia (plasma Hcy 17.41 ± 1.94 n㏖/mL) and the FDHCD diet induced moderate homocysteinemia (plasma Hcy 44.13 ± 2.65 n㏖/mL), respectively. Although liver and brain folate levels were significantly lower compared with those values of rats fed FS or FSH (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 respectively), there were no significant differences in folate levels in liver and brain among the rats fed FD, FDH and FDHCD diet. However, rats fed FDHCD showed higher plasma folate levels (126.5 ± 9.6 n㏖/L) compared with rats fed FD and FDH (21.1 ± 1.4 n㏖/L, 22.0 ± 2.2 n㏖/L)(p < 0.001), which is the feature of “ethyl-folate trap”by vitamin B12 deficiency. Plasma Hcy was correlated with hepatic folate (r = -0.641, p < 0.01) but not with plasma folate or brain folate in this experimental condition. However, as we eliminated FDHCD group during correlation test, plasma Hcy was correlated with plasma folate (r = -0.581, p < 0.01), hepatic folate (r = -0.684, p < 0.01) and brain folate (r = -0.321, p < 0.05). Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) level was lower in rats fed FD, FDH and FDHCD than in rats fed FS and FSH (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively) and hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) level was significantly higher in those groups. The SAH level in brain was also significantly increased in rats fed FDHCD (p < 0.05). However, brain SAM level was not affected by folate and/or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. This result suggests that dietary folate- and vitamin B₁₂-deficiency may inhibit methylation in brain by increasing SAH rather than decreasing SAM level, which may be closely associated with impaired cognitive function in nutritional homocysteinemia.

갑상선 호르몬이 흰쥐 간세포내 엽산의 Polyglutamate 직쇄분포와 세포질 엽산 결합단백질의 결합성에 미치는 영향

민혜선(Min Hyesun) 韓國營養學會 1999 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.32 No.4

엽산 결핍이 에탄올을 급여한 흰주의 체내 콜레스테롤 함량과 항산화계에 미치는 영향

배민정(Bae Min Jeong),양경미(Yang Kyung Mi),민혜선(Min Hyesun),서정숙(Seo Jung Sook) 韓國營養學會 2003 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.36 No.8

한국인의 요오드 섭취와 요오드 상한섭취량

이현숙 (Lee,Hyun Sook ),민혜선 (Min,Hyesun ) 韓國營養學會 2011 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.44 No.1

The present study reviewed the effects of excess iodine intake on thyroid function and the incidence of thyroid disease and discussed the scientific basis for establishing a tolerable upper intake level (UL) of iodine for Koreans. ULs are defined as “the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects to almost all individuals in the general population.” Koreans consume excess iodine from seaweed, and iodine intake is strongly influenced by seaweed consumption. However, no dose-response data derived from subjects consuming excess iodine frequently but not continuously during a lifetime are available. Therefore, the Korean DRI committee set the iodine UL to reduce the risk of adverse health effects by excess iodine intake for Koreans with distinctive seaweed-eating habits. (Korean J Nutr 2011 44(1): 82 ~ 91)

콜린과 엽산 결핍이 흰쥐의 Genomic DNA 메틸화와 혈장 호모시스테인에 미치는 영향

문주애(Mun Ju Ae),민혜선(Min Hyesun) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.1

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer disease, although the mechanism is still unknown. Both folate and betaine, a choline metabolite, play essential roles in the remethylation of Hcy to methionine. Choline deficiency may be associated with low folate status and high plasma Hcy. Alterations in DNA methylation also have established critical roles for methylation in development of the nervous system. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of choline and folate deficiency on Hey metabolism and genomic DNA methylation status of the liver and brain. Groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were fed on a control, choline-deficient (CD), folate-deficient (FD) or choline/folate-deficient (CFD) diets for 8 weeks. FD resulted in a significantly lower hepatic folate (23%) (p<0.001) and brain folate (69%) (p<0.05) compared to the control group. However, plasma and brain folate remained unaltered by CD and hepatic folate reduced to 85% of the control by CD (p<0.05). Plasma Hey was significantly increased by FD (18.34±1.62μM) and CFD (19.35±3.62 μM) compared to the control (6.29±0.60 μM) (p<0.001), but remained unaltered by CD. FD depressed S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by 59% (p<0.001) and elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) by 47% in liver compared to the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, brain SAM levels remained unaltered in CD, FD and CFD rats. Genomic DNA methylation status was reduced by FD in liver (p<0.05). Genomic DNA hypomethylation was also observed in brain by CD, FD and CFD although it was not significantly different from the control group. Genomic DNA methylation status was correlated with folate stores in liver (r=-0.397, p<0.05) and brain (r=-0.390, p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that genomic DNA methylation and SAM level were reduced by folate deficiency in liver, but not in brain, and correlated with folate concentration in the tissue. The fact that folate deficiency had differential effects on SAM, SAH and genomic DNA methylation in liver and brain suggests that the Hcy metabolism and DNA methylation are regulated in tissue-specific ways. (Korean J Nutrition 40(1): 14~23,2007)

β-Carotene 대체 급여 및 에탄올의 만성적 급여가 흰쥐의 엽산대사에 미치는 영향

임은선(Im Eun-Sun),서정숙(Seo Jungsook),민혜선(Min Hyesun) 韓國營養學會 1999 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.32 No.4

만성적인 에탄올 섭취가 흰쥐의 엽산대사 및 혈장 호모시스테인 농도에 미치는 영향

임은선(Im Eun-Sun),서정숙(Seo Jungsook),민혜선(Min Hyesun) 韓國營養學會 1998 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.31 No.6

일부 남녀 대학생에서 혈장 호모시스테인 농도와 산화 스트레스 지표와의 상관관계

김정신(Kim Jung Shin),박은주(Park Eunju),민혜선(Min Hyesun),강명희(Kang Myung-Hee) 韓國營養學會 2010 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.43 No.5

Elevated plasma concentration of total homocysteine (ptHcy) is known as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and oxidative stress is also commonly implicated in CVD. An association between ptHcy and oxidative stress has recently been suggested. The study objective is to examine the relationship between ptHcy and oxidative stress markers in 103 healthy college students (62 males and 41 females). Plasma levels of ptHcy, oxidative stress markers (conjugated diene, erythrocyte catalase, TRAP, lymphocyte DNA damage), antioxidant vitamins (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, carotenoids), and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol) were determined. The results show that the concentration of ptHcy was significantly higher in male subjects (22.17 ± 2.14 μ㏖e/ℓ) than in female subjects (12.28 ± 0.45 μ㏖e/ℓ). There was a negative association between ptHcy and plasma β-carotene in male subjects (p < 0.05), but no correlation between ptHcy and other plasma antioxidant vitamin levels in either gender. However, there were the negative correlations between ptHcy and plasma α-carotene or β-carotene, and a positive correlation between ptHcy and lymphocyte DNA damage. A significantly low level of α-carotene or β-carotene was found in male subjects with elevated ptHcy (≥ 15 μ㏖/ℓ), as compared to those with lower plasma homocysteine. These study results confirmed the views on the association between plasma homocysteine and oxidative stress markers in humans and support the hypothesis that homocysteine promotes the oxidative environment by counteracting the antioxidant defense mechanism.

시판 천연 과일주스와 채소주스의 항산화능과 임파구 DNA 손상 방지 효능 비교

조미란(Cho, Miran),이혜진(Lee, Hye-Jin),강명희(Kang, Myung-Hee),민혜선(Min, Hyesun) 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.1

우리나라에서 많이 이용되고 있으며 항산화 활성이 높은 것으로 알려진 시판 100% 천연 과채류 주스 중 과일주스, 채소주스, 녹즙 및 채소혼합주스의 항산화 활성을 측정하여 비교하였다. 항산화 활성의 측정법으로는 DPPH, TEAC, ORAC 법 등 세 가지 in vitro 측정법과 comet assay를 이용한 ex vivo 분석법으로 과채류 주스의 항산화능을 비교 분석하였다. DPPH 분석법으로 항산화능을 측정한 결과 블루베리주스, 채소혼합주스 C, 케일 녹즙, 채소혼합주스 P, 포도주스 순으로 높았으며, TEAC 방법으로 측정한 주스 시료들의 항산화 활성은 블루베리주스, 채소혼합주스 C, 포도주스, 채소혼합주스 P, 케일 녹즙 순으로 높았다. 또한, ORAC으로 측정한 항산화 활성은 블루베리주스, 케일 녹즙, 채소혼합주스 C, 포도주스, 오렌지주스 순으로 나타났다. 세 가지 in vitro 측정법에 따른 결과를 종합하였을 때 블루베리 주스가 항산화능이 가장 우수했으며 이어서 포도 주스, 채소혼합주스 C, 케일 녹즙 순으로 항산화 활성이 높았다. 인체의 임파구 DNA의 손상을 감소시키는 정도를 ex vivo 분석법인 comet assay로 분석한 결과 블루베리 주스와 포도 주스의 DNA 손상 감소 효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 반면, GSTM1/GSTT1 유전형에 따른 차이가 크지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 조사한 국내에서 시판하고 있는 100% 천연 주스 14종 가운데 페놀성 화합물과 플라보노이드가 풍부한 것으로 알려진 블루베리 주스, 포도 주스의 항산화 활성이 가장 높았으며 채소혼합주스로는 안토시아닌이 풍부한 보라색을 띄는 주스류의 항산화 활성도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. Purpose: Fruit and vegetable juices are known to be rich sources of antioxidants, which have beneficial effects on diseases caused by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the antioxidant activities of fruit and vegetable juices marketed in Korea. Methods: We analyzed four fruit juices, two vegetable juices, two yellow-green juices, and six mixed vegetable juices. Antioxidant activities were analyzed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) test, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Protective effects against DNA damage were determined using an ex vivo comet assay with human lymphocytes. Results: DPPH radical scavenging activities were in the following order: blueberry juice > mixed vegetable C juice > kale juice > mixed vegetable P juice > grape juice. ABTS radical scavenging activities were in the following order: blueberry juice > mixed vegetable C juice > grape juice > mixed vegetable P juice > kale juice. Peroxyl radical scavenging activities as assessed by ORAC assay were in the following order: blueberry juice > kale juice > mixed vegetable C juice > grape juice. Grape or blueberry juice showed strong abilities to prevent DNA damage in lymphocytes, and the difference between them was not significant according to the GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities of fruit and vegetable juices and ex vivo DNA protective activity increased in the order of blueberry juice, grape juice, and kale juice, although the rankings were slightly different. Therefore, these juices rich in polyphenols and flavonoids deserve more attention for their high antioxidant capacity.