표고재배폐재의 (栽培廢材) 당화에 (糖化) 관한 연구

민두식 ( Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate of the waste wood of Cortinellus edodes was investigated using crude cellulase preparation of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374. The crude cellulase was produced by the submerged culture process and produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfate. Reducing sugar was determined by the dinitrosalisylic acid (DNS) method. 1. The chemical composition of the waste wood was crude protein 2.26%, c. fat 2.57%, c. fibre 44.60%, c. ash 5.58% and lignin 13.62%. In amino acid composition, no cystine and methionine was showed, but trace amount of Vitamin A, B₁, and B₂, niacine and chloride were detected. (Table 1) 2. As heat treatment of the substrate was found to produce the highest reducing sugar yield being reacted for 48hr, with T.v cellulase, the substrate was heated to 190±5℃. for 45 min, either before or immediately after milling. 3. The substrate heated and ball milled at 190±5℃. for 45 min. the reducing sugar yield reached to 11.5%. 4. The substrate without any treatment was found to produce the highest reducing sugar yield being reacted 72hr. with T. v cellulase, the reducing sugar yield reached to 10.1%. 5. The rate of reducing sugar per each treated substrate was decreased by the order of the substrated, heated and then ball milled at 190±5℃. for 45 min. (11.5%) $gt; without any treatment (10.1)$gt; ball milled and heated at 190±5℃. for 45 min. (6.9%). 6. Saccharification of waste wood has been shown to be possible by heat treated and milling the substrate in contact with cellulase. And it is likely to be recommended that the waste wood may be valuable for raw materials of saccharification.

Cellulase 에 의한 목재당화에 (木材糖化) 관한 연구 - (Ⅲ) 최적 처리조건과 효소처리 잔사의 (殘渣) 재기질화 (再基質化) 효과 -

민두식 ( Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

In this study, enzymatic saccharification of substrates from Alnus hirsuta Ruper (8-14 years). Quercus acutissima Carruthers, Betula platyphylla var. japonica Nera, Populus euramericana Guiner and Platanus orientalis L. were investigated using crude cellulase preparations of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374, and conduced on the optimum treated conditions of the cellulase sacchrification and reactivation of residue of digested substrates. The Trichoderma viride cellulase was produced by the submerged culture process and produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfate. The method of dilignification from wood (5 species) was treated by the peracetic acid(PA) method. The reducing sugar was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. 1. The results of tests carried out for 96 hr. (Figure 1), show conclusively the initial substrates from 5 species (S,) which has been rendered highly reactive form and the mean rate of reducing sugar was 28.3 %. 2. The results of tests carried out for 96 hr. the reactivation of residue of digested substrates (improvement in the quality of the substrate through preheating in air at 190℃. for 45 min. followed by milling was (60 mesh size) at the same substrate level, increased concentrations of cellulase at the same substrate level, and increased concentrations of cellulase increases the rate of hydrolysis considerably. 3. Figure 1. shows conclusively that the residue of digested substrates (S₁ dried at 60℃) which has been rendered extremly resistant to cellulase action can be reactivated into a highly reactive form (S₂), almost comparable to that of the initial substrates (S₃). And the reducing sugar formation did not show statistically significent differences at 5% levels by initial substrates and the residue of digested substrates (preheating in air at 190℃. for 45 min. fallowed by milling was (60 mesh size)

활엽수재의 촉매적 열분해 생성물에 관한 연구

민두식,이종관 ( Du Sik Min,Jong Goun Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1984 한국산림과학회지 Vol.65 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate on the catalytic pyrolysis products of hardwood (Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. Quercus acutissima Carruters, Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus tomentaglandulosa T. Lee) and comparing the rate of catalytic pyrolysis from untreated wood (ordinary wood) with that of treated wood with catalizer (Ammonium phosphate, Ammonium sulfate, Ammonium chloride and Urea). The results were summerized as follows; 1) It is the Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee that the species has the most content of holocellulose and pentosan. And Populus tomentiglandulosa exhibited high yield of the distillate in pyrolysis products by Ammonium phosphate with catalizer. 2) The distillate of pyrolysis products is decreased in accordance with increasing catalytic concentration. And untreated wood (ordinary wood) with catalizer has the most distillate of pyrolysis products. 3) The yield of charcoal in pyrolysis products is increased in accordance with increasing catalytic concentration and lignin content of species. 4) The caloric values of charcoal in pyrolysis products is decreased with increasing catalytic concentration. And untreated wood (ordinary wood) with catalizer had the most caloric values, but the caloric values of charcoal did not show statistically significent difference at 5% levels in catalizer.

Cellulase 에 의한 목재당화에 (木材糖化) 관한 연구 - (Ⅰ) 기질 (基質) 처리의 효과 -

정대성,민두식 ( Tae Seong Cheong,Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1978 한국산림과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis of the holocellulose from Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. (8-14 yr`s) was investigated using crude cellulase preparations of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374. And conducted on the optimum condition of the treated substrate for saccharification. A strain of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374 was found to be highly efficient for the cellulase productivity, especially in the submerged culture process. The culture medium used in this experiment was prepared from an extract of wheat bran consisting also of KH₂ PO₄ 10, (NH₄)₂ SO₄ 3, NaNO₃ 3, and MgSO₄7H₂O 0.5g/1. Cellulose powder (Toyo filter paper, 60 mesh) was found to be an importent factar for inducing the cellulase formation. And the cellulase produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfate (Fig. 1) Reducing sugar was determined by the Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, using reagents prepared according to the method of Sumner (1925). The results obtained were summerized as follows; 1. The method of delignification were treated by the Peracetic acid (PA) method, according to the method of Toyama (1970). The yield of holocellulose were decreased in accordance with increasing concentration of Peracetic acid solution; delignification of Alnus hirsuta Rupr. with 20% Peracetic acid was satisfied for 48 hours and 40%∼60% peracetic acid was satisfied for 24 hrs: 2. The substrate (holocellulose) was changed easely into fine powder with enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase exhibits optimum activity on the reducing sugar formation from substrate at the range of 60-100 mesh. 3. The reducing sugar formation increased in accordance with increasing dry temperature on holocellulose substrate was found to be 190±5℃. 4. The optimal heat treated time of holocellulose substrate was found to be 45 min. for the reducing sugar formation showed the best products. The reducing sugar formation did not show statisticaly significent diflerences at 5% levels by heat treated time for 45 min. and 60 min.

묽은황산 및 Cellulase 에 의한 목재당화에 (木材糖化) 관한 연구

정인표,김홍은,민두식 ( In Pyo Chung,Hong Eun Kim,Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

1. The study was conducted on the optimum condition of the treated substrate with dilute sulphuric acid solution and cellulase for saccharification. The wood (saw dust) of Alnus hirsuta Rupr. (10∼15 years) was treated with 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.5%, H₂SO₄ solution at 1.5㎏/㎠ for 15min., 30min., 45min., and 60min., followed by thermal treatment at 190℃ for 30min., and screening with 60 mesh sieve, after which to 0.5 grams of each sample was added 0.5㎖ cellulase solution, and 50㎖ 0.1M acetic acid buffer solution (pH 5.0), after incubating at 40℃ for 96hr. 2. The crude cellulase of Trichoderma viride Perx. ex. Fr. SANK 16374 was produced by the submerged culture process and produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfite. 3. Reducing sugar was determined by the 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. 4. The reducing sugar was increased with increase of the sulphuric acid concentration and saw dust was treated with 1.5% H₂SO₄ solution at 1.5㎏/㎠ for 45min. showed the best saccharification (16.0%). The reducing sugar formation did not show statistically significant in 5% levels by thermal treatment time 45min. and 60min. 5. The substrate for cellulase which was treated with 0.9% H₂SO₄ solution at 1.5㎏/㎠ for 60min. showed the best reducing sugar formation (23.6%). And did not show significant difference in 5% levels at 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5% H₂SO₄ solution.

낙엽송 톱밥을 이용한 표고버섯 재배와 경제성

민두식 ( Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.4

To enhance the utilization of Larch(Larix leptolepis Gorden) wood, the sawdusts were tested as cultivating media for Lentirtus edodes(Mori 290) by varying the composition of the media. The economic efficiency for producing mushrooms from larch sawdusts was evaluated. The results are as follows. 1. Larch sawdust was as much efficient as oak sawdust in the growth of the mycelia and production of good quality of oak mushrooms. 2. The mushrooms were able to he harvested starting six months after beginning the cultivation. No differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The contents of lignin(28.6-28.7%) in the fresh sawdust of larchwood are higher than those in the residues of the used media(18.2%). But lignin content of 1% NaOH extracts(30.4-34.4%) in fresh sawdust of larch was lower than those in the residues(68.0%) . 4. The production of mushroom was relatively high to be 29.7-315%(760-780g.)/2.5㎏ pack) of mushroom weight. The net profit estimated was 1,475Won per pack.

낙엽송 ( Larix leptolepis Gorden ) 의 심부재 (心腐材)

민두식(Du Sik Min),이세표(Shae Pyo Lee),최태호(Tae Ho Choi) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the cause of pith-damaged wood formation, the state of growth, and difference of chemical composition of Japanese Larix(L. leptolepis Gorden). 1. Larix grew normaly to 10 years, and the volume increment was 32.4%. But it was gradually decreased to 19.4% from 11 to 13 years that the heartwood damage was occurred. Therefore, the volume increment was decreased 13%. The decayed wood was formed from fire wound portion of bark by forest fire. The volume loss from pith-dagmaged wood occurred by forest fire was more than 20%. 2, On the ash content, heartwood(0.05%) and pith-damaged wood(0.08%) was lower than sapwood(0.29%). The difference of extractive contents are considered the reason. It is considered that this ash content difference is depend upon the extractive contents among sap, heart and decayed wood parts. Holocellulose contents were from 54.3% to 59.3% and there were no difference among heartwood, pith-damaged wood, and sapwood, On the pentosan contents, heartwood(6.3%) and pith-damaged wood(6.6%) were higher than sapwood. Lignin contents of pith-damaged wood was tower than heartwood (34.4%). This seems to weaken all kinds of wood strength.

Cellulase 에 의한 목재당화에 (木材糖化) 관한 연구 - (Ⅱ) 반응조건의 효과 -

민두식 ( Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1978 한국산림과학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate from Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr (8-14years) was investigated using cellulase preparations of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374 and conduced on the optimum reaction conditions of the cellulase on saccharification. The crude cellulase was produced by the submerged culture process and produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfate. The method of delignification from wood (Saw dust) was treated by the peracetic acid (PA) method. Reducing sugar was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The optimum pH of cellulase was 5.0 and the range of stability with respect to pH was generally from 4.0 to 6.0 2. The optimum temperature of cellulase was generally 40℃, but reducing sugar formation did not show significent differences at 5% levels in the reaction temperature from 40℃ to 50℃. 3. The redusing sugar were increased with increase of cellulase concentration. 4. The reducing sugar were decreased with increase of substrate concentration. 5. Fructose was a very good inhibitor of the enzyme from Trichoderma viride, but glucose inhibition was generally weak.

섬유판의 재질에 관한 연구 - 1. 유령버즘나무를 원료로 한 경질섬유판 -

민두식(Du Sik Min),신동소(Dong So Shin) 한국산림과학회 1975 한국산림과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study was carried out to examine the effect of manufacturing factors on physical properties of hardboard (S.I.S) made from the juvenile wood of sycamore (Platanus orientalis L.) The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. The difference among the yields of pulp treated with preheat time (defibrate condition) was significant in those of treatments. There was no difference in the yield of pulp treated with defibrate time. The yields of pulp on the tree age classes were shown the difference by 2$lt;4$lt;6$lt;8 years. 2. The specific gravities of hardboard that were treated with hot pressing conditions showed us significantly in those of treatments. There was no difference on the specific gravities among hardboards, treated with resin and wax contents. But in all cases of the specific gravities satisfied the standard which specified the KS F 3203 (Hardboard) 3. The moisture contents of hardboard satisfied the standard which calls for 13-percent below. There were difference in moisture contents between hardboard, treated with preheating time, resin and wax contents and hot pressing conditions. And the moisture contents of hardboard on the tree age classes showed the difference by 2$lt;4$lt;6$lt;8 years. 4. The water absorption and thickness swelling of hardboard treated with defibrations, resin and wax contents, and hot pressing conditions were significant in those of treatments. And the water absorption and thickness swelling of hardboard on the tree age classes showed us the significant difference by 8$lt;6$lt;4$lt;2 years. 5. The difference among the flexural strength in using tested three conditions showed us the difference by defibration$lt;resin and wax contents$lt;hot pressing. The flexural strength of hardboard on the tree age classes showed the signification by 2$lt;4$lt;6$lt;8 years. 6. In all cases, to satisfy the standard of the specific gravity (0.8) and flexural strength (200㎏/㎠) of hardboard, it is likely to be recommened that the juvenile wood of sycamore is valuable for the raw materials of hardboards.

참나무류 칩을 이용한 표고버섯재배와 폐잔사 (廢殘渣) 사료화 (飼料化)

민두식 ( Du Sik Min ) 한국산림과학회 1991 한국산림과학회지 Vol.80 No.4

To increase both the production of mushrooms and the usages of the residues (used media) for roughage, the pinchips(PC) and sawdusts(SD) of three Korean oak species were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes with oaring the composition of the media. The results are as follows. 1. Organic acids(tannic acid and citric acid), which were added in the PC medium to enrich the quality of mushrooms, did not increase the growths of the mycelia and the quality. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvested from six months after beginning the cultivation. No significant differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The contents of crude proteins(1.82-4.55%) in the used media were higher than those in woods (c.a. 0.7%), and the total digestible nutrients (44.0-46.0%) in the used medium were not much different from those in rice straws (c.a.48.0%). 4. The contents of some essential amino acids (methionine in the used medium of the tannic acid added PC or S.D. and isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine in the used medium of the untreated PC or SD) were higher than those in the control (raw media) . The contents of a few other essential amino acids (threonine, valine and arginine) were lower in the used media. Most nonessential amino acids in the used media, particularly in the used bed-log, appeared to decrease than those in the control.