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민경환(Kyung Hwan Min),김호중(Ho Jung Kim),유준호(Jun Ho Ryu),한상웅(Sang Woong Han),강석우(Seok Woo Kang),문중돈(Jung Don Mun) 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.1
N/A Patients suffering from idiopathic or self-induced edema are uniformly characterized by chronic use of furosemide, which leads to vicious cycle of edema. Among chronic furosemide users who don't have any other specific edema forming diseases, 9 patients from the outpatient clinic(OC) and 6 patients examined at the emergency room(ER) used it mainly for weight reduction and for cyclical edema, respectively. All of the ER group patients were presented with severe hypokalemia(2.04±0.2mEq/L; range 1.3 to 2.7 mEq/L) and alkalosis(748±0.01; range 7.44 to 7.51) but none from the OC group showed such results. Other baseline parameters including Plasma renin activity(PRA) and aldosterone level on recumbency, and FEn₂were similar in both groups. In contrast, daily working hours(6.1±0.5 vs 10±0.6hr, p<0.01), average body weight gain between AM and PM(0.4±0.1 vs 0.9±0.lkg, p<0.01), peak weight gain interval(9±0.8 vs 5±0.1day, p<0.05), PRA(7.6±1.5 vs 23.5±7.2ng/ml/h, p<0.05) and aldosterone level(22.1±4.2 vs 64.8±10.4 ng/dl, p<0.01) on ambulation, and FEk. on normokalemia(ll±2A vs 36±7.7%, p<0.01) were statistically different between the two groups. In comparison to the OC group, both the amout of urine(617±39 vs 358±26ml, p<0.01) and the percent change of PRA(-14±4 vs -3±2%, p<0.05) and al-dosterone level(-17±5 vs -4±3%, p<0.05) after saline loading(lL over 1hr, IV) following ambulation were smaller in the Elt group. Moat of the ER group patients(5/6) required aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) added to K(+) supplement, but all of the OC group patients were managed to maintain an edema-free status with conservative treatment. In conclusion, patients with idiopathic edema seem to have more fluid transudation out of intravascular space during orthostasis with a prominent degree of deranged renin-aldosterone axis and K(+) metabolism than those with self-induced edema.
Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole ( TMP / SMX ) 을 복용 중인 외래 환자에서 발생하는 경구 칼륨 투여 후 칼륨 대사 장애
최춘식(Chun Sik Choi),유영조(Young Jo Yoo),김태영(Tae Young Kim),민경환(Kyung Hwan Min),한상웅(Sang Woong Han),노광호(Kwang Ho Roh),양성규(Seong Kyu Yang),유준호(Jun Ho Yoo),오석중(Suk Joong Oh),문중돈(Jung Don Mun),김호중(Ho Jung Ki 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.57 No.1
N/A TMP/SMX has been shown to cause hyperkalemia in a few outpatients on standard-dose. This prospective study was aimed at investigating other associated factors inducing clinically important hyperkalemia in outpatients on standard-dose of TMP/SMX. Methods : Age-matched diabetic(n=22) and non-diabetic (n=20) patients with UTI on standard dose of TMP/SMX for 5 days were given acute oral intake of 40 mEq of potassium chloride(KCl). Results : Before the intake of TMP/SMX, basal levels of serum potassium(K), serum BUN and creatinine, plasma renin activity(PRA), aldosterone(PA), and transtubular potassium gradient(TTKG) were comparable between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Also after TMP/SMX was taken, all parameters didnt reveal any overt changes except a slightly increased serum K but not significantly (from 4.20±0.15 to 4.14±0.21mEq/L in non-diabetics; from 4.13±0.18 to 4.25±0.13mEq/L in diabetics). Following acute oral KCl load, however, the peak increases of serum K changes were significantly higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics(0.34 0.06 vs 0.62 0.09mEq/L, p<0.01). Furthermore, 8 out of 22 diabetics but none of non-diabetics after acute KCl load developed hyperkalemia(> 5.0 mEq/L). After KCl load, PRA did not show any significant changes, whereas PA was increased simultaneously with the increments of serum K in both diabetic subgroups hyperkalemic(n=8) and normokalemic (n=14) diabetics. But increment was blunted in hyperkalemic diabetic subgroup. TTKG was increased prominently in normokalemic diabetic subgroup(9.20 from 4.50), while it was slightly increased in hyperkalemic diabetic subgroup(4.63 from 3.79mEq/L). There was statistical difference between two subgroups(p < 0.05). In conclusion, Besides the known effect of blocking sodium channels in distal K secreting cells by TMP/SMX, insulinopenia(DM). Hypoaldosteronism with its decreased tubular bioactivity, and increased exogenous K intake in concert could cause clinically overt hyperkalemia on standard-dose of TMP/SMX. When standard- dose of TMP/SMX is administered to patients with deranged K homeostasis, especially to diabetics with hypoaldosteronism, blood K level should be monitored meticulously to avoid hyperkalemia.