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리병도(Pyeng-Do Rhee) 경상대학교 사회과학연구원(사회과학연구) 2014 사회과학연구 Vol.32 No.-
This paper is to investigate the rate of surplus-value in 2007-2012 of domestic and multinational pharmaceutical companies and high rate of surplus-value significance of the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, the rate of surplus-value is 200 - 300% in the domestic pharmaceutical company, and 300 - 600% in the multinational pharmaceutical company. This results from the multinational pharmaceutical companies have R&D-intensive than producing it. The domestic pharmaceutical companies are focused on drug production but multinational pharmaceutical companies have focused on R&D. Korean domestic pharmaceutical industries are also highly rate of surplus-value 1.5 ~ 2.5 times higher than other industries. This makes a problem of high advertising cost, marketing cost and rebate. But multinational pharmaceutical companies have a bigger problem. They have to impose their interests, including through WTO and FTA and through lobby to governments in developed countries. They have gained a profit through high drug prices, extending and reinforcing patents, ever greening, generic entry interference and increasing market share of expensive drugs.
리병도(Rhee Pyeng Do) 경상대학교 사회과학연구소 2017 사회과학연구 Vol.35 No.-
Is it possible to transform society through education? Apple raises this issue in his book "Can Education Change Society?" Before answering this question, I first review Kang Sung-hoon’s questions, "Is it possible for us to understand through education", "Who is educating?" and "Who is educated by the first educator?" And I consider the issues of the introduction of the public education system and a relationship between education as a tool for the reproduction of ideology and the bourgeois class. And then the possibility and limitations of education as a tool for social reform will be discussed. Apple argues that education is a powerful force in social change, with education linked to political, economic and cultural movements. However, it is criticized that it is merely a systematic refinement of our movement. In the end, social transformation must begin with a radical transformation of the production system called capitalism.