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      • KCI등재

        Effect of a red-shifted benzotriazole UV absorber on curing depth and kinetics in visible light initiated photopolymer resins for 3D printing

        로버트 바일,홍지윤,진병두 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.38 No.-

        We have investigated the effects of a red-shifted UV absorber in projection-microstereolithographyoperating under blue visible light (405 nm). A 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole derivative (Tinuvin1CarboProtect1: CarboP) was introduced as an absorbing additive. A remarkable decrease of the curingdepth from over 800 mm in the pristine resin to 65 mm at 0.2 mol% CarboP was observed, while thepolymerization and build times were somewhat increased. Microfluidic channels were accuratelyfabricated with the modified resin whereas the pristine photopolymer did not form any precise patterns. This demonstrates potential applications of modified UV absorbers in visible light initiating resins forprecise 3D printing.

      • KCI등재

        Synthesis of Crosslinkable Polyetherimide and Application as an Additive in 3D Printing of Photopolymers

        정재환,마서영,로버트 바일,이동현 한국고분자학회 2022 Macromolecular Research Vol.30 No.1

        Three-dimensional printing of photopolymers is now technically mature and economical, but its widespread use is hampered by the limited availability of resins tailored for specific industrial applications. In this study, crosslinkable glycidyl methacrylate-grafted polyetherimide (PEI-GMA) is obtained by synthesizing polyamic acid, subsequent imidization and grafting with glycidyl methacrylate. The good solubility in N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the reactive diluent allows blending PEI-GMA with a photopolymerizable resin. The resins are additively processed on an LCD shadow masking printer operating at 405 nm wavelength to form a series of custom-designed components with a range of different geometries. After adding 20 wt% of PEI-GMA to a resin made of NVP and polyethylene glycol diacrylate, both the strength and the elasticity of the cured structures benefit significantly with improved thermal stability at the same time. This opens up new possibilities for the individual or small series production of complex components with high resolution and a polyetherimide-like finish, which can be particularly helpful in the design of aircraft, vehicles, portable devices or tools.

      • KCI등재

        Electrohydrodynamic Spinning of Random-Textured Silver Webs for Electrodes Embedded in Flexible Organic Solar Cells

        윤대전,진병두,로버트 바일 한국물리학회 2017 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.70 No.6

        A convenient process for fabricating a transparent conducting electrode on a flexible substrate is essential for numerous low-cost optoelectronic devices, including organic solar cells (OSCs), touch sensors, and free-form lighting applications. Solution-processed metal-nanowire arrays are attractive due to their low sheet resistance and optical clarity. However, the limited conductance at wire junctions and the rough surface topology still need improvement. Here, we present a facile process of electrohydrodynamic spinning using a silver (Ag) - polymer composite paste with high viscosity. Unlike the metal-nanofiber web formed by conventional electrospinning, a relatively thick, but still invisible-to-naked eye, Ag-web random pattern was formed on a glass substrate. The process parameters such as the nozzle diameter, voltage, flow rate, standoff height, and nozzle-scanning speed, were systematically engineered. The formed random texture Ag webs were embedded in a flexible substrate by in-situ photo-polymerization, release from the glass substrate, and postannealing. OSCs with a donor-acceptor polymeric heterojunction photoactive layer were prepared on the Ag-web-embedded flexible films with various Ag-web densities. The short-circuit current and the power conversion efficiency of an OSC with a Ag-web-embedded electrode were not as high as those of the control sample with an indium-tin-oxide electrode. However, the Ag-web textures embedded in the OSC served well as electrodes when bent (6-mm radius), showing a power conversion efficiency of 2.06% (2.72% for the flat OSC), and the electrical stability of the Ag-web-textured patterns was maintained for up to 1,000 cycles of bending.

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        신축성 기판에 삽입된 은 나노와이어 네트워크 전극의 전사특성 조절 및 유기태양전지 적용

        황경석(Gyeong seok Hwang),로버트바일(Robert Bail),진병두(Byung-Doo Chin) 한국고분자학회 2016 폴리머 Vol.40 No.6

        은 나노와이어는 유연/신축 투명전극의 전도성 재료로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실란 커플링제 표면 개질을 통해 폴리디메틸실록산 탄성체 기판에 은 나노와이어 네트워크 구조를 전사, 삽입시키고 그 전사율을 제어하였다. 은 나노와이어가 삽입된 탄성체 기판은 유리 위에 은 나노와이어 네트워크를 코팅하고 이어 실록산폴리머를 코팅, 경화시킨 후, 유리로부터 이를 떼어 내어 제조하였다. 은 나노와이어의 전사율과 두께는 네트워크 구조체 위에 실란계 개질제(메타크릴옥시프로필트리메틸실란; MPS, 및 옥타데실트리클로로실란; OTS)를 코팅하여 조절하였는데, 이 탄성체 투명필름은 MPS로 개질 시 투과율이 20% 증가했고, 낮은 표면 거칠기로 유기박막 소자에 더 적합했다. OTS 표면개질 조건으로 제작한 투명전극은 40%의 신장조건으로 200회의 신축성 테스트를 했을 때 약 3배로 저항이 증가하였다. 최종적으로 MPS 개질 조건에서 3.2%의 광전효율을 갖는 은 나노와이어 전극형 유기 태양전지를 제작하였다. Recently, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have had a great interest as a conducting materials for flexible and transparent electrodes. In this paper, we studied the embedded network structure formation of AgNWs in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by stamping transfer process and various surface treatments. We have designed various conditions of AgNWs surfaces using silane-coupling modifiers. Transfer yield of AgNWs was adjusted by the variation of surface treatment condition with silane modifier coating such as methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) on top of AgNWs. Transparency of embedded AgNWs film has increased up to 20% at the optimum surface treatment condition. Especially, MPS treatment process was found to be appropriate for thin film organic device substrate due to its generation of transferred AgNWs with low surface roughness. Transparent electrodes with OTS treatment showed resistivity with three times at 40% elongation at 200 cycle test. An organic solar cell with 3.2% of power conversion efficiency was fabricated with MPS-treated AgNW networks in a PDMS substrate.

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