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한국어 조사 ‘는’과 ‘가’에 대한 화용적 설명: 번역물의 비교를 통하여
노은주 담화·인지언어학회 2023 담화와 인지 Vol.30 No.3
Numerous studies have explored the meanings/functions of the particles ‘un/nun’ (simply ‘nun’) and ‘i/ka’ (simply ‘ka’) in Korean, with most concurring that ‘nun’ is a topic marker and ‘ka’ is a focus marker. However, a recent study by Park and Yeon (2023) proposed an alternative account, suggesting that both ‘nun’ and ‘ka’ encode both focus and topic and that the relationship between these particles and a topic/focus status is orthogonal. This paper presents a pragmatic approach, positing that ‘ka’ is simply a case marker, whereas ‘nun’ marks old information. Other interpretations of these particles are inferred through pragmatic considerations. Not all instances of old information are marked with ‘nun.’ Instead, the choice between ‘ka’ and ‘nun’ depends on the speaker’s considerations of optimal relevance, as defined and used in relevance theory. The marking of old information may save the hearer’s processing effort and, consequently, enhance the overall degree of relevance. Conversely, the absence of this marking would take more processing effort, which might be compensated by additional cognitive effects. A small experiment conducted and several translations of English literature into Korean will show that this pragmatic account can deal with a wider range of phrases used with ‘nun’ and ‘ka.’
노은주,임채홍,홍성만 한국행정학회 2016 International Review of Public Administration Vol.21 No.3
In light of practical and theoretical callings for an ex ante needs assessment of target groups, the primary goals of this study are to identify, articulate, and explore what infl uences and shapes target groups’ behavioral intentions to participate in a public program. Drawing on the literature concerning policy design and the theory of planned behavior, as well as the literature on expectation, attitude, and satisfaction, we propose that target groups’ intentions to participate in the program depend highly on their evaluations of the policy design, as well as motivational factors, such as attitude toward the behavior. The data used in this study were collected from 659 Korean teaching artists. The fi ndings indicate that the level of intention to participate in the program increases as individuals strongly agree with the program rationale, expect positive educational eff ects, and perceive that it will be beneficial to the individual.
On ‘Formal’ Metonymy: Relevance and Inference
노은주 한국언어학회 2019 언어 Vol.44 No.3
Metonymy, a phenomenon where expression A is used to stand for related expression B, has been analyzed in conceptual terms. Nunberg’s meaning transfer and cognitive linguistics’associations between two concepts are all about concepts. A relevance-theoretic approach suggests that a metonymic word is a case of an ad hoc concept construction just like hyperbole and metaphor. In this research, I present Korean examples which are intended to stand for other expressions which they resemble in form, such as aphmyen molswu for anmyen molswu‘pretending not to know,’ where aphmyen ‘front side’ is used to stand for anmyen ‘face, acquaintance.’ I call this phenomenon ‘formal’ metonymy, where expression A is used to stand for expression B which resembles A in form. Within a relevance theory framework, I analyze this kind of formal metonymy as a loose metarepresentation of the speaker’s intended expression. The speaker may be unable/unwilling to metarepresent what she intends to say precisely. By considerations of optimal relevance, the addressee infers the intended expression and meaning from the used expression and contextual implications. I conclude that a relevance-theoretic inferential account can provide a unitary account for both conceptual metonymy and formal metonymy.