인삼의 총사포닌, Ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, Ginsenoside-$Rb_2$와 Lovastatinul 의한 Hep G2 세포의 HMG CoA Reductase 및 LDL수용체 mRNA 발현 유발효과의 비교

노연희,임그리워,구자현,Noh, Yun-Hee,Lim, G-Rewo,Koo, Ja-Hyun 고려인삼학회 1996 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.20 No.3

The effects of ginseng total saponin, ginsenoside-Rb, and -Rb, on the reduction of chmlesterol level and the myNA expression rates of HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptor in Hep G2 were investigated and compared with that of lovastatin, a competitive HMG CoA reductase Inhibitor. The amounts of cholesterol in Hep G2 decreased in total saponin-and ginsenoside-treated groups as compared with that of control group, while there was no significant reduction in lovastatin-treated group. The mRNA expression rates of HMG CoA reductase increased in total saponin and gin- senoside groups except for ginsenoside-Rb, (10-3%) group and decreased in lovastatin group com- pared with that of control group. The mRNA expression rates of LDL receptor generally increased In all of the test groups except for total saponin (10-5%) group compared with that of control group. Because the ginseng components tested were more effective in the reduction of cholesterol level in Hep G2 than lovastatin and induced the gene expression of LDL receptor, we suggest the possibility that they could be used as a replacement agent for lovastatin which can not be prescribed especially to patients with hepatic diseases.

웹 서비스를 이용한 문제 중심 학습 (PBL)의 시험적 실시

노연희(Yun Hee Noh),박승훈(Seung Hun Park),김광민(Kwang Min Kim),정운덕(Woon Duck Chung),이원진(Won Jin Lee),구자현(Ja Hyun Koo) 한국의학교육학회 1999 Korean journal of medical education Vol.11 No.1

건국대학교 의과대학 의학과 1학년을 대상으로 1998년 8월 12일부터 9월 26일까지 약 7주간에 걸쳐 웹서비스를 통한 PBL을 실시하였다. 웹용 PBL 모듈은 자체 개발한 것으로 환자증례, 국가고시 유형의 시험문제, 설문조사 세 부분으로 구성하였다. LAN과 서버가 구축되어 있는 상태에서 64명의 수강생 전원이 편리한 시간에 학습할 수 있었고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 환자증례 부분의 학습 평가 결과 64명 수강생의 평균±표준편차는 64.1±13.2이었다. 거의 모든 학생들이 충실한 학습 태도를 보였으며 7명 (11%)은 뛰어난 임상추론 능력을 보여 주었다. 2) 컴퓨터에 대한 숙련도는 학업 성취도에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단되었으나 효율적인 학습과 동기 부여를 위하여 PBL의 교육목표와 모듈의 이용법에 관해 사전교육을 실시하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각되었다. 3) 가상 대화방을 통한 토의를 활성화시키기 위해서 사전에 토의의 중요성을 잘 설명하여 동기를 유발시킨 뒤 조 당 소그룹 토의용 가상 공간을 열어주거나 정해진 횟수 이상으로 토론에 참가할 것을 의무화하는 등의 지도가 필요함을 알게 되었다. 4) 설문조사 결과 65%가 금번 학습을 효율적인 학습이라고 하였으며, 방학을 이용하거나 학점이 있는 과목으로 개설하는 등 실제 적용에 대해 91%가 찬성하였고 금번 학습을 통하여 79%가 생화학이나 생리학 등의 기초 의학 과목에 대한 필요성을 느꼈다고 답하였다. 5) 건의 사항으로는 system의 오작동을 시행해달라는 것이 가장 많았기에 앞으로 보다 구동성이 좋은 system을 설계해야 할 것으로 사료되었다. 이상의 연구 결과 웹서비스를 통한 PBL도 전통적인 PBL 못지 않게 의학교육에 효율적으로 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었고 따라서 전통적인 PBL을 대체하거나 특히 자가학습용으로 활용하여도 손색이 없을 것으로 판단되었다. In this paper, we present some results from an experimental web-based Problem-Based Learning(PBL) course, which was offered to 64 medical students in the first grade at Konkuk university for 7 weeks. For the course, we developed a web-based PBL module, which is composed of three sections. The first section includes the 8 stages of problem probing and solving in patient s care. In every stage, the students can browse all the data for the problem solving. The second section contains some problems for evaluating the academic achievement of the students who successfully passed in the first section. In the third section, some questionnaires are presented to survey the students response. The followings are the results. 1. Average score of the first section was 64.1+/-13.2. Most students participated in the course with integrity, and especially seven students(11%) were remarkable in their clinical reasoning. 2.The student s computer skill did not largely affect their academic achievements. However, it is desirable for the students to learn basic computer usage in advance. 3.A few students attended to the discussion through bulletin board facilities. Considering the importance of discussion in PBL, we need to devise a new way of attracting students in the discussion. 4. The survey showed that sixty five percent of the students thought that the lecture was effective and ninety one percent of them that it would be better if it is offered as a regular course during summer or winter vacations. Seventy five percent of students became to realize the importance of basic sciences such as biochemistry and physiology after this course. 5. There were many students who complained about the malfunctioning of the system. The system should be modified to be more reliable and robust. In conclusion, the web-based PBL course provided an effective way of learning in medical education. It also turned out to be used as an alternative of traditional PBL and especially useful for self study.

건국의대에서 경험한 세 가지 문제중심학습 유형

노연희(Yun Hee Noh),김교순(Kyo Sun Kim),박형석(Hyung Seok Park),김경수(Kyung Soo Kim),배기만(Kee Man Bae),안의환(Eu Whan Ahn),정진상(Jin Sang Chung),이성기(Sung Kee Lee),최희정(Hee Jung Choi),장동욱(Dong Wook Jang),박승훈(Seung Hun P 한국의학교육학회 2000 Korean journal of medical education Vol.12 No.2

건국의대에서는 보다 학습에 효율적이고 임상실습에 도움을 주는 PBL 유형을 알아내고자 1999년 6월 28일~7월 9일까지 1학기말 고사가 끝난 후 2주일 간 본과 3학년 41명 전원을 대상으로 세 가지 유형의 PBL (두 가지는 면대면 PBL, 나머지 한 가지는 사이버 PBL)을 실시하였고 설문조사와 PBL 평가결과의 상호 비교 및 3학년 1학기 평균평점과의 비교를 통하여 다음과 같은 사실을 알게 되었다.1. 전체 학생을 대상으로 한 PBL 사전교육은 PBL의 취지와 필요성을 이해시키고 진행하는 방법을 이해시키는 데에 반드시 필요하였다. 2. 면대면 PBL이나 tutor에 대한 만족도는 매우 높았으나 평가방법에 대한 만족도는 상대적으로 낮았다. 3. 면대면 PBL은 사이버 PBL에 비해 만족도가 높았는데 이는 사이버 PBL 모듈의 많은 장점에도 불구하고 면대면 PBL만큼 토론이 자유롭지 못하였고 컴퓨터 사용 미숙, 그리고 시스템에 대한 이해부족 때문으로 사료되었다. 4. 임상실습에 가장 도움을 준 PBL 유형은 면대면으로 진행하되 모듈제작교수의 총정리 강의 대신지침서로 대신한 제 II형이었으며, PBL 과정 중 동료들과 토론하면서 문제를 해결했던 경험이 가장 임상실습에 도움을 준 것으로 밝혀졌다. 5. 면대면이나 사이버 PBL의 평가결과는 상호간에 유의한 상관관계가 없었고 각각의 PBL 결과와 3학년 1학기 평균평점과도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 현행과 같은 커리큘럼에서 PBL은 본과 3학년 1학기말고사가 끝난 시점 2~3주간이 적절하고, 사이버 PBL은 면대면 토론이 불가능한 방학 때를 이용하는 것이 효과적이며 꼭 필요한 경우를 제외하고 한 모듈 내용에 대한 정리는 지침서 배부로 충분할 것임을 알게 되었다. 학생들은 자신이 선호하는 분야에서 능력에 따라 성적의 높낮이를 보였으며 금번 PBL에서 주로 평가하였던 과정 및 행동평가만으로는 PBL을 통한 새로운 지식습득 여부와 통합능력 여부를 판단하기 어렵기 때문에 Triple Jump, OSCE 및 MEQ와 같은 방법을 이용한 평가도 반드시 함께 이루어져야 한다고 생각 되었다. We performed three kinds of problem-based learning (PBL) formulas in all of forty-one 3rd grade students after the final examination of the first semester from June 28, 1999 to July 9, 1999 at Konkuk University College of Medicine to investigate which formula is the most efficient and helpful in medical education and polyclinic course. The PBL formulas applied were the typical face-to-face PBL accompanied by mini-lecture (Type I) or by distribution of the guidelines without lecture (Type II) and cyber PBL using web-based module and discussion over cyber space (Type III). Response of students was surveyed using some questionnaires and the evaluation results of each PBL were analyzed with Pearson s correlation test. All participating students were satisfied with the face-to-face PBL especially in applying time of PBL, using discussion to solve the problem, and studying with tutors. In cyber PBL, in spite of excellency of the contents, limitations in discussion over cyber space and computer skills, misunderstanding of computer system, and additional cost for private PC rent seemed to decrease the satisfaction with this PBL. Experience in Type II PBL was turned out to be the most helpful and discussion among fellow students in PBL to be the most useful experience for incoming polyclinic course. There were no significant correlations between the evaluation results of face-to-face PBL and cyber PBL or between the evaluation results of each type of PBL and the average credit of that semester, suggesting that evaluation of the newly acquired knowledge through PBL using tools such as Triple Jump, OSCE (objective structured clinical examination), and MEQ (modified essay question) should be included in assesment of academic achievement in addition to the evaluation of activities during PBL.

고콜레스테를 조건으로 배양한 Hep G2세포의 콜레스테를 함량변동과 Acyl CoA : Cholesterol Acyltransferase의 활성에 미치는 인삼성분의 영향

박성출,노연희,구자현,Park, Song-Chul,Noh, Yun-Hee,Koo, Ja-Hyun 고려인삼학회 1995 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.19 No.3

A human hepatoma cell line, hep G2, was used to investigate the mechanism of serum cholesterol reduction by ginseng total saponin, ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, - $Rb_2$, and non-saponin fraction (ether extraction). Hep G2 cells were incubated in 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of cholesterol containing serum free-RPMl1640 medium with various concentration of ginseng components. The amounts of cholesterol in Hep G2 cells were decreased to maximum 51% in total saponin or two ginsenoside-treated groups while there was 137% increase in cholesterol level of control group as compared with that of normal group. Nonsaponin groups did not show the same effect. In order to elucidate the observed changes in the amount of cholesterol, the activity of amyl CoA : cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in groups showing remarkable reduction in cholesterol amount, i.e., total saponin 10-6%, ginsenoside-$Rb_1$ $10^{-4}$%, ginsenoside-$Rb_2$, $10^{-4}$%, and non-saponin fraction $10^{-4}$%, was assayed using [1-$^{-14}C$%]oleic acid as enzyme substrate. The activity of ACAT was increased in all groups tested as compared with that of control group except for non-saponin group cultured in water soluble cholesterol containing medium. The serum cholesterol lowering effects of ginseng components can partially be attributed to the increased hepatocellular ACAT activity.

간호학생의 문제해결 과정에 대한 문제중심학습(Problem-Based Learning)의 효과

최희정(Choi, Hee Jung),노연희(Noh, Yun Hee) 한국간호교육학회 2002 한국간호교육학회지 Vol.8 No.2

고콜레스테롤 조건하에 배양된 HepG2에서의 ginsenoside-Rb₂에 의한 LDL receptor 억제 완화 기전

임그리워(G-Rewo Lim),이현일(Hyun-Il Lee),김은주(Eun-Ju Kim),노영태(Young-Tae Ro),노연희(Yun-Hee Noh),구자현(Ja-Hyun Koo) 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.2

The effect of ginsenoside-Rb2, one of a major pharmacological component of Panax ginseng c.A. Meyer. on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression was investigated and compared with hypocholesterolemic dl1lg lovastatin. In HepG2 cell. exogenous cholesterol decreased LDL receptor mRNA expression, but ginsenoside-Rb2 recovered this reduction of LDL receptor mRNA up to normal expression level. Lovastatin also increased LDL receptor mRNA expression as similar as ginsenoside-Rb2 did. The reduction of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription by exogenous cholesterol was also similarly recovered by ginsenoside-Rb2 and lovastatin addition. Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenoside-Rb2 and -Rb I by human intestinal bacteria also increased the SREBP mRNA expression in cholesterol-enriched condition. Ginsenoside-Rb2 seems to up-regulate LDL receptor mRNA expression through the induction of de 1101'0 SREBP transcription. Therefore. increased expression of SREBP mRNA by ginsenoside-Rb2 elevated the LDL receptor mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. and these inductions possibly drop the plasma cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemia patients. ill vivo, as likely in case of lovastatin.

토끼 간조직의 Stimulatory Guanine Nucleotide 결합 단백의 αsubunit 에 대한 cDNA 염기서열에 관한 연구

이상훈,노연희,한중수,고재경 한양대학교 의과대학 1993 한양의대 학술지 Vol.13 No.1

G proteins, a family of guanine nucleotide-binding protein superfamily, are involved in transmembrane signaling systems as transducers. In this study cDNAs encoding αsubunit of the stimulatory G protein (G α ) from rabbit liver were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined : a λgt 11 cDNA library from total cellular poly (A)' mRNA in rabbit liber was screened for recombinant λDNA that codes for G α with labeled probe. The probe used was an EcoRI digested 3' end fragment of cDNA for G α from olfactory neuroepithelium of rat. Six of the approximately recombinant clones were screened by in situ hybridization and by autoradiography, detecting sixteen positive clones. These clones were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and thirteen of them were turned out to have two sets of conserved sequence in αcDNA. Four clonse among them were selected form analysis of their cDNA sequences, showing the presence of two types of cDNA, namely and with the total length of nucleotide sequence of1.392bp and 1.613bp, respectively . From nucleotide sequence analysis the amino acid residues of -1 and α-2 were deduced : they contain 335 and 386 amino acid residues (including the initiator methionine), respectively. The calculated molecular weights for and were 38.9kd and 44.6kd, respectively. The significant difference in size between two cDNAs for G αseemed to be due to the assumption that alternative promoter and leading exon might be involved in transcribing the mRNA for . Two types of cDNA from rabbit liver shared over 95% of amino acid homology with that from rat olfactory neuroepichelium if deleted portions are not counted. More information on the cDNAs could be obtained through further studies such as Sl nuclease protection experiment, expression and mutation study.

대장균의 GlnE 유전자 조절 부위의 염기서열 분석에 관한 연구

박종환,이영규,노연희,구자현 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.2

The enzymatic activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) which is a major enzyme assimilating nitrogen in enteric bacteria is modulated by a bicyclic cascade that consists in adenylylation / deadenylylation of GS and uridylylation / deuridylylation of a regulatory protein PII. The adenylylation of GS converts the enzyme to an inactive form. The cunverter enzyme for the adenylylation / deadenylylation cycle is adenylyltransferase (AT), a bifunctional enzyme. It is known that many of regulatory proteins of GS are affected by the nitrogen content in medium. In this study, glnE gene sequence from BamHI to Sali restriction site was determined to elucidate the possibility of its nitrogen sensing ability by searching the consensus sequence(WGCA) found in other nitrogen utilizing operons. The results are as follows ; 1) The nucleotide length of a part of glnE gene was 1203 dp and the initial codon ATG was determined by comparing the sequence with 13 amino acid residues from N-terminus of AT. 2) The probable consensus sequence TTGCA showing high homology with those of other nitrogen utilizing operons was found at 43 bp upstream region from the start point. Actual nitrogen sensing capability of glnE gene should be tested to find the complex regulatory mechanism of GS cascade system for further study.

Inhibitory Effect of an N-terminal Recombinant Fragment of Human Thrombospondin-2 on Migration of Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Noh, Yun-Hee 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-

Thrombospondin-2(TSP-2) has been known to modulate tumor growth, wound healing, and inflammation through inhibition of angiogenesis based on the findings from TSP-2 knock-out mice and overexpression studies. However, the molecular mechanisms of human TSP-2(hTSP-2) for inhibition of angiogenesis or the feasibility to develope as a new therapeutic angiogenesis inhibitor for curing cancer have not been intensively studied because so far the whole molecule of hTSP-2 is not available due to difficulties in extraction of useful amount of hTSP-2 from tissues and limitations on production of full length recombinant hTSP-2 in mammalian or insect cells. Therefore, an N-terminal 80 kDa fragment of hTSP-2 encompassing N-terminal globular region through typeⅠ repeats(hTSP-2/NTF) was expressed in human embryonal kidney 293 EBNA cells to investigate whether this fragment has antiangiogenic effect on primary cultured human endothelial cells(ECs). The recombinant vector was constructed as follows: an 1.67 kbp of cDNA of hTSP-2(nt 213 to 1883) was amplified by PCR from human placenta cDNA library and ligated into KpnⅠ and Bgl Ⅱ sites of the modified pCEP 4 expression vector. The recombinant protein was purified from the serum fee conditioned medium of transfected 293 EBNA cells using ammonium sulfate precipitation and gelatin- and heparin-sepharose columns. Yield was 2.1 ㎎/l of conditioned medium and the purified protein was confirmed by N-terminal peptide sequencing. To see the fragment has anti-angiogenic activity in vitro, migration assay was performed on human dermal microvascular ECs(HDMECs) with the recombinant protein, demonstrating inhibition of migration by 30 % at 1 ㎎/ml of hTSP-2/NTF as compared to control group. This effect was not neutralized by anti-CD 36 antibody, suggesting a different receptor other than CD 36, to which TSP-1 binds and inhibits EC migration, may be involved in the inhibitory mechanism of hTSP-2/NTF on the migration of HDMECs. Futher study to see in vivo antiangiogenic activity of hTSP-2/NTF is on-going to evaluate the validity of this fragment as a new antiangiogenic agent.

정상 및 각종 혈액종양 질환의 조혈세포에서의 Telomerase 활성도

안명주,노연희,임그리워,박일규,이웅수 大韓血液學會 1996 大韓血液學會誌 Vol.31 No.3