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남자연,손인서,김태훈,남윤영 대한신경정신의학회 2024 신경정신의학 Vol.63 No.1
Objectives This study was conducted to examine the obstacles in the use of healthcare from the perspective of family caregivers based on their experience of mental healthcare services and to identify practical recommendations according to the family’s needs. Methods A focus group interview was conducted with 59 family caregivers of patients with mental disorders. They were asked about the first moment when they took the patient to a psychiatric hospital, their feelings, and experiences during the treatment, relapse or readmission, access to healthcare and obstacles. The results were analyzed in a three-step procedure using grounded theory analysis. Results The results showed that the social prejudice and stigma toward mental disorders experienced by the family caregivers hindered the initial treatment approach. Discrimination and disadvantages in healthcare, and poor access to community mental healthcare services, lowered the reliability of institutions and services. A decrease in the sense of healing due to distrust in the treatment and disruption of family life can lead to a vicious circle that affects the continuity of treatment and could result in issues such as the stopping of treatment or difficulty in accessing treatment in case of relapse. Conclusion Based on these results, policy tasks were proposed to improve accessibility to mental health services according to the needs of the patient’s family.
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칼슘과 마그네슘이 조절된 해양심층수가 신장세포에서 항산화에 미치는 영향
조소민 ( So Min Jo ),남자인 ( Jain Nam ),박건희 ( Geonhee Park ),김병구 ( Byeong Goo Kim ),정귀화 ( Gwi-hwa Jeong ),허병석 ( Byung Serk Hurh ),김지연 ( Ji Yeon Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2021 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.64 No.2
본 연구에서는 미네랄이 함유된 해양심층수(DSW)가 신장 기능에 미치는 항산화 효과를 세포 모델을 사용하여 확인하였다. DSW 샘플은 최적의 칼슘/마그네슘 비율을 결정하기 위한 목적으로, 각기 다른 칼슘 및 마그네슘 비율을 가진 4가지 샘플-미량 미네랄(TM), 고 마그네슘(HM), 고 마그네슘 저염(HMLS) 및 고 마그네슘 고 칼슘(HMHC)-로 준비되었다. 신장 세포주 HEK293를 2시간 동안 NaCl로 처리하여 ROS를 유도한 후, 마그네슘과 칼슘 등의 미네랄이 서로 다른 비율로 용해된 물로 처리하여 ROS 농도와 항산화 효소 활성 및 단백질을 측정하였다. 물 샘플 중 HMLS는 ROS에 대한 세포에 가장 많은 보호 효과를 나타냈다. 세포 내 글루타티온 함량은 HMLS 그룹과 HMHC 그룹에서 가장 높았다. 반면, TM과 HMHC는 항산화 유전자의 mRNA 발현에서 대조군과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 DSW가 과도한 나트륨 섭취로 인한 신장의 산화 스트레스를 예방하는 데 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 ROS 농도와 항산화 마커 측정 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 HMLS 와 HMHC가 신장 세포 모델에서 우수한 항산화 효과를 가진 DSW 샘플이라고 판단할 수 있다. In this study, the antioxidant effects of mineral-containing deep sea water (DSW) on kidney function was confirmed using a cell model. DSW samples were prepared with different mineral concentrations including calcium and magnesium―the main minerals found in DSW―to derive the following sample groups: trace minerals (TM), high magnesium (HM), high magnesium, low salt (HMLS) and high magnesium, high calcium (HMHC). The purpose of this preparation was to determine the optimal calcium/magnesium ratio in DSW. Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells were exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) for 2 h to induce release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thereafter, the cells were treated with the respective DSW samples before ROS concentrations, as well as antioxidant enzyme activity and protein levels, were measured. Among the water samples, HMLS showed the most protective effect against ROS, whereas the intracellular glutathione content was highest in cells from the HMLS- and HMHC-treated groups. However, TM-and HMHC-treated cells showed similar tendencies to the control group, in terms of mRNA expression of antioxidant genes. These results suggested that DSW may aid in preventing renal oxidative stress caused by excessive sodium intake. Furthermore, it was determined that HMLS and HMHC water samples displayed good antioxidant effects in the kidney cell model, based on the combined results of ROS concentration and antioxidant marker measurements.
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Effects of Angiotensin II on Podocyte Synaptopodin: Role of AMP Kinase
하태선,박혜영,최지영,남자애,안희열 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.4
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a sensor of cellular energy status, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. As AMPK is also expressed in podocytes, podocyte AMPK would be an important contributing factor in the development of podocyte injury. We investigated the roles of AMPK in the pathological changes of podocyte synaptopodin induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), a major injury inducer. Mouse podocytes were incubated in media containing various concentrations of Ang II and AMPK-modulating agents, and the changes of synaptopodin were analyzed by confocal imaging and Western blotting. Ang II and compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, concentrated and re-localized synaptopodin from peripheral cytoplasm to internal cytoplasm portion in podocytes. Ang II also reduced synaptopodin protein and mRNA, which were reversed by metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside. Losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist, also recovered synaptopodin mRNA, which was suppressed by Ang II. We suggest that Ang II induces the relocation and suppression of podocyte synaptopodin by the suppression of AMPK and via Ang II type 1 receptor, which would be an important mechanism in Ang II-induced podocyte phenotypical changes.
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Effects of Interleukin-13 and Montelukast on the Expression of Zonula Occludens-1 in Human Podocytes
박세진,하태선,Moin A. Saleem,남자애,신재일 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether pathologic changes in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) are induced by interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the experimentalminimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) model and to determine whether montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has an effect on ZO-1 restorationin cultured human podocytes. Materials and Methods: Human podocytescultured on bovine serum albumin-coated plates were treated with different doses of IL-13 and montelukast and then examined for distribution using confocal microscopy and for ZO-1 protein levels using Western blotting. Results: ZO-1 was internalized and shown to accumulate in the cytoplasm of human podocytes in an IL-13 dose-dependent manner. High doses (50 and 100 ng/mL) of IL-13 decreasedthe levels of ZO-1 protein at 12 and 24 h (both p<0.01; n=3), which were significantly reversed by a high dose (0.5 μM) montelukast treatment (p<0.01; n=3). Conclusion: Our results suggest that IL-13 alters the expression of ZO-1, and such alterations in the content and distribution of ZO-1 may be relevant in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in the MCNS model.
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