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Effect of Antioxidants and Oxidized Fat on the Performance of Broiler Chicks
남궁환(H. Namkung),스티브 리슨(S. Leeson),백인기(I. K. Paik) 한국가금학회 2000 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.17 No.-
본시험은 산패지방을 사용시 항생화제 (Santoquin^®와 Oxiban^®)의 첨가가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 신선한 또는 산패된 지방 (실험 1, 4, 5에서는 동물성, 식물성 혼합지방, 실험 2, 3에서는 옥수수기름)을 함유한 사료에 실험 1과 2에서는 0, 250, 500 ppm, 실험 3에서는 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm의 Santoquin^®을 실험 4에서는 0, 400, 800 ppm, 실험 5에서는 0.1% lipase + 400 ppm의 Oxiban^®을 첨가 또는 미첨가하여1일령의 육계에 급여하였다. 모든 실험에서 산패한 지방을 급여한 병아리보다 신선한 지방을 급여한 병아리의 증체량이 높았고, 실험 1과 2에서는 사료효율이 개선되었으며 AMEn과 지방소화율이 높았다. 병아리의 생산성에 대한 항산화제와 지방공급원간의 상호작용은 없었다. 실험2에서 200 ppm이상의 Santoquin^®을 급여시 증체량과 사료섭취량이 감소 하였다 (P < 0.05). 실험 2와 5에서 산패지방을 급여한 병아리의 간의 malondialdehyde (MDA )함량이 높았다 (P < 0.05). 실험 2에서 산패지방에 Santoquin^® 250 ppm을 첨가한 구의 병아리의 간내 MDA함량이 낮았지만 실험 1, 4, 5에서는 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 항산화제의 첨가시 산패지방 급여에 의한 악영향을 왕화시킬 수 있으며, 사료내 Santoquin^®을200 ppm이상 첨가시 생산성 저하를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. Five experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of antioxidants (Santoquin^® and Oxiban^®) using fresh or oxidized fat on the performance of broiler chicks. Day-old broiler chicks (except for Experiment 5 in which 6-d-old birds were given experimental diets for 10 d) were fed diets containing fresh or oxidized fat (animal-vegetable fat blend in Experiments 1, 4, and 5 and corn oil in Experiments 2 and 3) with or without graded concentrations of Santoquin^® (0, 250, 500 ppm in Experiments 1 and 2 and 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm in Experiment 3) or of Oxiban^® (0, 400, 800 ppm in Experiment 4 and 400 ppm with 0.1% lipase in Experiment 5) of 2 wk. In all experiments, birds fed fresh fat gained more weight, had better feed/gain, together with higher AMEn and apparent fat digestibility (Experiments 1 and 2) than birds fed oxidized fat (P < 0.05). There was no interaction among fat sources and antioxidants on the performance of chicks in any experiment. In Experiment 3, Santoquin^® more than 200 ppm resulted in a reduction in weight gain and feed intake (P < 0.05). The livers of chicks fed oxidized fat in Experiments 2 and 5 had higher malondialdehyde (MDA) values (P < 0.05). Chicks fed oxidized fat with 250 ppm Santoquin^® in Experiment 2 had lower liver MDA values, although this situation did not occur in Experiments 1, 4, and 5. These results indicate that antioxidant supplements can alleviate most deleterious effects of feeding oxidized fat and that supplementation of Santoquin^® more than 200 ppm has a negative effect on the performance of broiler chicks.
사료내 가용라이신의 측정 및 응용에 관한 연구 화학적 방법과 육계의 Slope - Ratio Assay 에 의한 가용라이신의 측정
남궁환(H . Namkung),백인기(I . K . Paik) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.5
Available lysine content in protein feedstuffs was determined by FDNB(1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene), TNBS (2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) and chick bioassay(CBA) using slope-ratio method. Lysine availability was calculated by regression analysis of weight gain and feed efficiency on percent added lysine(CBA-A) and lysine intake(CBA-B) from testing protein feedstuffs. Lysine availabilities by CBA-B tended to be higher than those by CBA-A and lysine availability by teed efficiency showed unrealistic values. FDNB available lysine showed higher correlation(r=0.959) with total lysine than TNBS available lysine(r=0.216) did. CBA available lysine correlated better with FDNB available lysine than TNBS available lysine in general(CBA-A; 0.925 us. 0.433, CBA-B; 0.960 us. 0.397). Specifically, FDNB method showed very high correlation(CBA-A 0.994, CBA-B 0.990) with CBA in animal protein feedstuffs while TN BS method(CBA-A 0.81, CBA-B 0.805) showed slightly better correlation with CBA than FDNB method(CBA-A 0.684, CBA-B 0.792) in plant protein feedstuffs.
손익승,남궁환,백인지 ( I . S . Son,H . Namkung,I . K . Paik ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.10
In order to evaluate the nutritive value of imported lupin seed from Western Australia on the performance of the chicken, proximate and amino acid composition and total alkaloid content of lupin seed were analyzed. For 5 week feeding trial, one hundred sixty hatched male broiler chickens were randomly distributed to 16 group of 10 birds each. Four groups were placed on one of the following four experimental diets; Soybean Control diet, Unheated Lupin diet, Heated Lupin (autoclaved at 135℃ for 30 min) diet and Methionine supplemented Unheated Lupin (0.063 % of additional D,L - methionine) diet. Lupin diets included lupin seeds at the level of 20% of diets. AV experimental diets were least-cost formulated by computer to contain isocalorie and isonitrogen, and to meet essential nutritients requirements recommended by NRC. Results of the feeding trial showed that birds fed Soybean Control diet gained significantly more weight than those fed either Unheated or Heated Lupin diet (p$lt;0.05). Birds fed Lupin + Methionine diet gained less than the control until 3 weeks of age but gained more during 4th and 5th week. There was no significant differences in feed intake among treatments but feed efficiency was improved by methionine supplementation. Heat treatment slightly improved weight gain but failed to show any significant improvement in overall performance. The availabilities of dry matter and crude fat of Soybean Control were significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher than those of other treatments.
곰팡이 슨 옥수수를 사용할때 생균제 첨가가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향
김창종(C . J . Kim),남궁환(H . Namkung),안문수(M . S . An),백인기(I . K . Paik) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.9
In order to study the effects of supplementation of a commercial probiotics product to the diets containing moldy corn, two experiments were conducted with day old male broiler chickens raised in the batteries. Moldy corn was prepared in the laboratory by adjusting moisture content to 20% and incubating at 30-35℃ and 75% relative humidity over 3 weeks. Dried moldy corn was included in the Moldy corn diets at the level of 10%. In the Exp.1, supplementation of probiotics or propionic acid did not significantly affect the performance of chickens fed either Fresh corn or Moldy corn diets. In the Exp.2, supplementation of probiotics significantly (P $lt;0.05) increased cummulative feed intake and weight gain of the brids fed Moldy corn diet at 2 wks of age. Also, supplementation of probiotics significantly (P $lt;0.05) increased cummulative feed intake of the birds fed Fresh corn diet at 5 wks of age. Results of 6 wks feeding trial of Exp. 2 showed that supplementation of probiotics increased weight gain by 5.5% in Moldy corn diet and 3.3o in Fresh corn diet. The weights of abdominal fat pads of the birds fed Moldy corn diets tended to be higher than those of the birds fed Fresh corn diets. Populations of coliform bacteria in the content of lower small intestine were greater in the birds fed Moldy corn diets than those fed Fresh corn diets. Supplementation of probiotics to Moldy corn diets decreased population of coliform becteria. Metabolizabilities of crude fat of Moldy corn diets were significantly (P$lt;0.01) lower than those of Fresh corn diets. Supplementation of probiotics to Moldy corn diet significantly (P$lt;0.01) increased metabolizability of crude fat. Supplementation of probiotics tended to increase metabolizability of crude protein in both Fresh corn diets and Moldy corn diets. Overall results indicated that response to the supplementation of the probiotics might be greater in the Moldy corn diets than in the Fresh corn diets.