Pseudo-Cepstral Representation of Speech Signal and Its Application to Speech Recognition

김홍국,이황수,Kim, Hong-Kook,Lee, Hwang-Soo The Acoustical Society of Korea 1994 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.13 No.e1

본 논문에서는 line spectrum pair (LSP)의 의사 켑스트럼 표현을 제안하고 이 의사 켑스트럼에 켑스트럼 lifter를 적용하여 얻은 특징 벡타를 이용하는 음성 인식 시스템의 성능을 평가한다. 의사 켑스트럼 표현은 LSP와 LPC 켑스터럼 사이의 관계로부터 근사적으로 유도된다. 이때 음성 인식 시스템의 성능을 더욱 향상 시키기 위하여 root-power-sums lifter, general exponential lifter (GEL), 그리고 bandpass lifter 등과 같은 켑스터럼 liter가 의사 켑스터럼에 적용된다. 또한 mel 주파수로의 변환도 행해진다. 인식 결험 결과, GEL로 liftering된 mel 주파수 의사 켑스터럼이 가장 좋은 성능을 나타내며, LSP에 비해 5~6dB정도의 신도대잡음비의 개선을 얻을 수 있다. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-cepstral representation of line spectrum pair(LSP) frequencies and evaluate speech recognition performance with cepstral lift using the pseudo-cepstrum. The pseudo-cepstrum corresponding to LSP frequencies is derived by approxmating the relationship between LPC-cepstrum and LSP frequencies. Three cepstral liftering procedures are applied to the pseudo-cepstrum to improve the performance of speech recognition. They are the root-power-sums ligter, the general exponential lifter, and the bandpass lifter. Then, the liftered psedudo-cepstra are warped into a mel-frequency scale to obtain feature vectors for speech recognition. Among the three lifters, the general exponential lifter results in the best performance on speech recognition. When we use the proposed pseudo-cepstra feature vectors for recognizing noisy speech, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of about 5~10dB LSP is obtained.

제2경인고속도로(안양~성남 간) 갈등해결사례 분석: 협상학적 관점

김홍국 ( Kim Hong-kook ) 한국협상학회 2016 협상연구 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구에서는 국토 개발 과정에서 지역 주민 사이에 극단적인 대립과 갈등 양상을 보여온 각종 현안들을 서로의 이익을 충족시키는 다양한 협상을 통해 객관적이고 합리적인 방식으로 해결할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 했다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 제2경인연결(안양~성남 간) 고속도로 협상사례를 통해 합리적 해결 방안을 도출하기 위한 연구를 실행했다. 본 논문은 5년에 걸친 제2경인연결(안양~성남 간) 고속도로 신축 갈등사례를 협상론적 관점으로 해석하여 3단계(사전, 본, 사후협상)로 나누고, 이슈, 이익, 배트나 등의 요소로 나눠 협상자사이의 협상전략에 대해 분석했다. 또한 본 협상을 통해서 파악해 볼 수 있는 4가지의 시사점을 도출하였다. This study pursued various objective and rational method to solve by Internal Negotiation through providing mutual interest distribution without an extreme confrontation or conflict. It focused on the issues and the negotiation strategy of the key negotiators side (The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, West Pangyo & Geumto-Dong residents) in the perspective of negotiation study. The negotiation agenda included topics such as issue, interest, BATNA, etc. In this study, overall negotiation process is divided three major phases (Initiation, Problem solving, Resolution) from 2009 through 2014, and derived the implications for each side`s negotiation strategy in each phase. To seek the meaning of this negotiation case, this study derived 4 implications, such as getting out of the hardliner`s confrontation attitude. and making the room of win-win strategy to enhance the mutual interests and understanding with the collaborative behavior, and the important role of the government, a mediator.

Feature Map을 이용한 한국어 음소 분류

김홍국(Hong Kook Kim),이황수(Hwang Soo Lee) 한국통신학회 1990 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1990 No.8

대통령의 국정어젠다와 대(對) 국회 협상에 관한 연구

김홍국 ( Hong Kook Kim ) 한국협상학회 2009 협상연구 Vol.13 No.1

현대사회에서 국정 현안을 관리하고 갈등에 대해 협상하는 조정자로서의 협상력은 지도자의 필수적인 자질이 됐다. 반면 한국의 대통령은 87년 민주화 이후에도 막강한 무소불위의 권한으로 행정부-입법부-사법부 위에 군림하는 제왕적 대통령으로 군림하고 있다. 특히 대통령은 현실정치에서 집권여당을 자신의 이념과 철학을 실현하기 위한 꼭두각시로 만들고 야당을 무시하는 등 제왕적 대통령제의 부작용이 속출하고, 여야간 극한적인 대결양상이 반복되고 있다. 특히 대통령의 일방통행식의 통치로 인해 대통령과 국회 사이의 정책적인 논의가 실종되고, 국회가 통법부로 전락하는 부정적 현상이 반복되고 있다. 국정을 좌우하는 최고 수준의 정책인 대통령의 국정 어젠다는 건강하고 효율적인 대국회협상과 함께 국민 의견을 적극적으로 수렴함으로써 강력한 추진력을 얻게된다는 점에서 국회에서의 협의과정은 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있다. 이에 따라 대통령과 행정부는 야당을 포함한 국회와의 협력관계를 구축하기 위한 다양한 협상을 준비해야 하며, 이를 위해서는 국회의 중요성에 대한 대통령의 혁신적인 인식 전환과 함께 국회와의 협상을 위한 다양한 제도적 장치를 마련하는 노력이 필요하다. 또 국정감사와 국정조사 실시 요건의 완화와 국회 예산결산위원회를 상임위원회로 위상을 변화시키는 등 국회 권한을 민주적 원리에 기반해 대폭 늘리는 과제도 시급하다. 이같은 연구결과는 대통령의 국정어젠다 실현을 위한 국회와의 갈등을 줄이는 방법을 직접 제시하지는 않지만, 다양한 제도적, 인적쇄신과 함께 대통령의 유연하고 타협적인 대국회 협상을 통한 국가 발전과 국민 통합에 기여하는 방안을 모색하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to search for the desirable president`s negotiation style and method with the congress. In Korea, the political negotiations between the president and the congress were full of conflict and confrontation. After the 1987 democratic movement, the imperial president has been used the enormously powerful rule in the political arena in spite of the democratization over the length of the whole fields all over the country. In the unified government as well as the divided government, the president has the almighty power, so the dialogues between the president and the congress have been almost vanished in these days. The presidential agenda will get the driving force only after going through the reflection of the public opinion and the negotiation with the congress. The fundamental objective of the presidential agenda methodology is the implementation of the president`s main policy achievement based on the support of the congress and the public opinion. Therefore, the president and the adminstration need to prepare to negotiate with the congress with radically changing their attitude to the congress, and to establish the institutional arrangement for the political reform at the same time. Even though this approach does not provide a direct way of solving the conflict and confrontation between the president and the congress, it would be very meaningful when we consider the importance of the presidential agenda and the negotiation process and to pursue the reform of the stagnated political culture and the general practice.

Oxidation of Hydrogen sulfide, Ammonia nitrogen and Nitrite nitrogen by Bacillus sp. Isolated from West Coast of Korea

Hong-Kook KIM(김홍국),Geun-Seop KIM(김근섭),Chae-Rin PARK(박채린),Byeong-Soo KIM(김병수) 한국수산해양교육학회 2020 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.32 No.4

유산균 발효 보리새싹 열수추출물의 항산화 및 면역 활성 효과

김근섭(Geun-Seop Kim),양기현(Kee Heun Yang),김홍국(Hong-Kook Kim),김지은(Ji-Eun Kim),윤하늘(Ha-Neul Yun),유지웅(Ji-Woong Yu),김병수(Byeong-Soo Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.10

음성신호에 대한 WSOLA 알고리즘 기반 시간축변환의 계산량 감축

김덕수(Duk Su Kim),이영한(Young Han Lee),김홍국(Hong Kook Kim),김명보(Myeongbo Kim),김상룡(Sang Ryong Kim) 한국HCI학회 2010 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

Low-resistance ohmic contacts to p-$Hg_{0.7}$$Cd_{0.3}$Te

김관,정한,김성철,이희철,김충기,김홍국,김재묵,Kim, Kwan,Chung, Han,Kim, Sung-Chul,Lee, Hee-Chul,Kim, Choong-Ki,Kim, Hong-Kook,Kim, Jae-Mook The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 1994 전자공학회논문지-A Vol.31 No.10

Ohmic contacts between Au and p-HgHg_{0.7}Cd_{0.3}Te$ with low specific contact resistance have been obtained. The contact region of the wafer is first pre-heated for 5 seconds in a rapid thermal processing equipment. The temperature reaches a maximum value of about 200$^{\circ}C$ at the end of the 5 seconds. Next, a thin Au film is formed on the contact region by immersing the sample in AuCl$_{3}$ solution. the sample is then post-annealed in the same condition as the pre-heating after Pb/In pad metals are deposited on the electroless Au contacts. The specific contact resistance measured by transmission line model is 5${\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}cm^{2}$ at 80K. RBS and differential Hall measurement data suggest that the above low resistance ohmic contact is ascribed to surface traps and increased gold diffusion rate.

공공데이터를 활용한 선박 통행량 및 해양기상정보의 수중 주변소음에 대한 영향성 분석

김용국,국영민,김동관,김규철,윤상기,최창호,김홍국,Kim, Yong Guk,Kook, Young Min,Kim, Dong Gwan,Kim, Kyucheol,Youn, Sang Ki,Choi, Chang-Ho,Kim, Hong Kook 한국음향학회 2020 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.39 No.6

In this paper, we analyze the influences of ship traffic and marine weather information on underwater ambient noise. Ambient noise is an important environmental factor that greatly affects the detection performance of underwater sonar systems. In order to implement an automated system such as prediction of detection performance using artificial intelligence technology, which has been recently studied, it is necessary to obtain and analyze major data related to these. The main sources of ambient noise have various causes. In the case of sonar systems operating in offshore seas, the detection performance is greatly affected by the noise caused by ship traffic and marine weather. Therefore, in this paper, the impact of each data was analyzed using the measurement results of ambient noise obtained in coastal area of the East Sea of Korea, and public data of nearby ship traffic and ocean weather information. As a result, it was observed that the underwater ambient noise was highly correlated with the change of the ship's traffic volume, and that marine environment factors such as wind speed, wave height, and rainfall had an effect on a specific frequency band.

한국인의 영어 인식을 위한 문맥 종속성 기반 음향모델/발음모델 적응

오유리,김홍국,이연우,이성로,Oh, Yoo-Rhee,Kim, Hong-Kook,Lee, Yeon-Woo,Lee, Seong-Ro 대한음성학회 2008 말소리 Vol.68 No.-

In this paper, we propose a hybrid acoustic and pronunciation model adaptation method based on context dependency for Korean-English speech recognition. The proposed method is performed as follows. First, in order to derive pronunciation variant rules, an n-best phoneme sequence is obtained by phone recognition. Second, we decompose each rule into a context independent (CI) or a context dependent (CD) one. To this end, it is assumed that a different phoneme structure between Korean and English makes CI pronunciation variabilities while coarticulation effects are related to CD pronunciation variabilities. Finally, we perform an acoustic model adaptation and a pronunciation model adaptation for CI and CD pronunciation variabilities, respectively. It is shown from the Korean-English speech recognition experiments that the average word error rate (WER) is decreased by 36.0% when compared to the baseline that does not include any adaptation. In addition, the proposed method has a lower average WER than either the acoustic model adaptation or the pronunciation model adaptation.