地域 市民團體의 活性化 方案에 關한 硏究

김필환 全北大學校 2002 국내석사

다공성금속을 이용한 열교환기의 열 및 유동 특성에 관한 연구

김필환 경상대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

For the last 20-30 years, HVAC system has been making an effort to the system more efficient. Because it has originally been driven by rising energy costs and has more recently been driven by increased awareness over environmental issues. Especially, heat exchanger in the HVAC system is one of the most important factor to make high efficient system. So, to enhance heat transfer performance in the heat exchanger, many researchers have studied about the geometry of the fin and tube. The metallic foams increase the performance of heat exchanger. Thus they attracts many researchers' attention recently. Metallic foam is a relative new class of materials with very promising applications for its low density, high surface area to volume ratio and other thermal, mechanical, electrical and acoustical properties. This also was attributed to its high surface area to volume ratio as well as intensive flow mixing by tortuous flow passages. Study on pressure drop and heat transfer in the metallic foam was carried out the experiment and simulation using commercial software FLUENT6.3.26. Firstly, the experimental study was investigated the pressure drop along the length of metallic foam which has density of 10 PPI, 20 PPI and 40 PPI, respectively. The permeability and inertial resistance of metallic foam can be obtained from experimental results. The pressure drop was simulated using permeability and inertial resistance calculated from experimental result. The results show that the pressure drop increases with velocity and PPI. Because, increases of inertial resistance caused by solid cell structure is more compact with PPI increment. The simulation result show similar tendency to experimental result and the predicted value within 15 % error limit. Secondly, thermal conductivity and forced convection heat transfer characteristic of the copper metallic foam were investigated experimentally. Thermal conductivities were 14.97 W/(mK) for 20 PPI and 9.53 W/(mK) for 40 PPI copper metallic foam. However when compared with the theory, effective thermal conductivity for both of two media don't match well with the theoretical conductivity, experimental results show a lower value. It is caused by heat transfer through metallic foam not only by conduction but also by convection due to the gap that is caused by un-smoothness face of metallic foam. The experimental results about forced convective show the temperature profile near wall of heat plate is decreased with Reynolds number increase. However Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number and PPI increase. This's because increasing of PPI makes more tortuous flow passages caused by compacted solid cell. Finally, the simulation for heat exchanger used metallic foam was performed using commercial software FLUENT6.3.26. The simulation was based on the condenser of fin-tube type heat exchanger which is commercial production. And the variable of this study are used three tube array of fin-tube and metallic foam-tube heat exchanger, two tube array and one tube array of metallic-tube heat exchanger. Simulation results show that the case of metallic foam application can reduce the volume by 1/3 compare to fin-tube heat exchanger for same amount of heat capacity in the system.

구요법이 중년여성의 긴장성 요실금에 미치는 효과

김필환 부산가톨릭대학교 2003 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the stress urinary incontinence for middle-aged women. The study was performed with the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design from April 14 thru June 16, 2003. The subjects are 60 middle-aged women with stress urinary incontinence which are composed of 30 in the experimental group and another 30 in the control group. The moxibustion procedure was applied to the experimental group in a week, and then the level of stress urinary incontinence was measured by using the revised Hendrickson's scale. The obtained data were analyzed by using the percentage, mean, standard deviation, χ2-test and t-test for the determination of the homogeneity between the experimental group and control group, and the hypothesis was tested using the paired t-test. The results of this study are as follows: 1.Average period of stress urinary incontinence is 4.12 years, and the level of stress urinary incontinence is predominant in the mild state(63.3%), and the frequency of stress urinary incontinence is mostly 2-6 times per week(70%). 2.Hypothesis: Stress urinary incontinence will decrease for the experimental group as compared with for the control group: accepted(t=-5.113, p=0.000). Based on the results described above, it is considered that the moxibustion might be very effective oriental nursing intervention for improving the stress urinary incontinence for the middle-aged women.

加速 熱 劣化에 따른 油入 層間絶緣紙의 電氣的 特性 分析

김필환 忠南大學校 大學院 2005 국내석사

Basic insulating systems of transformers in distribution systems mostly consist of kraft paper impregnated with mineral oil or silicone oil. These insulating papers and oil are degraded by the action of heat, humidity and oxidizing agents. Elecrtical breakdown in a oil-immerged transformer can be caused by the degradation of cellulose paper. One of most common origin of transformer faults is due to the thermal degradation of the insulation materials in the windings. Main factors deteriorating the winding insulation part of the transformers are its operating temperature and time. The most important parameter is the operating temperature that has a major influence on the aging of the insulation and the lifetime of a unit. Chemical studies on the cellulosic components of the paper have allowed the rate constant for chain scission to be calculated for a range of degradation. Therefore, in this study we have studied electrical property of the thermal aged insulation paper. For experience, we have made a accelerated system for aged paper in test cell. Then we have measured Permittivity, Tan δ and Breakdown voltage, Tensile strength, Furan contents before the aging and then taken the same tests again after insulation paper in the ratio of thermally accelerating-aged. There is a purpose to gain data for a life-design and to establish aging mechanism in order to continuously study life expectancy of the insulation paper

가공공정에 따른 전도체용 Cu-Ag나노복합재료의 기계적 거동

金必煥 忠南大學校 大學院 2005 국내석사

In this study, mechanical behavior of Cu-Ag nanocomposites produced by HPT(high pressure tortion) and drawing was investigated at the various conditions(temperature, strain rate, heat treatment). The strengthening mechanism of Cu-24wt%Ag nanocomposites was predominantly controlled by long-range athermal obstacles. The elongation was obtained up to 1425% at 560℃ at a strain rate 7.3×10^(-3)s^(-1). Arrays of dislocations in the matrix and near grain and phase boundaries were observed after superplastic deformation, supporting the slip-accommodated grain and/or phase boundary sliding. The effect of the strain rate change on total elongation strain was also investigated. The samples of disk-shaped were prepared by HPT with N=5 and P=6GPa. The HPT-induced microhardness is not uniform from the center to the outer radius of a disk-shaped sample. The deformation behavior of sample was examined as a variety temperatures, strain rates and heat treatments. The stress of Cu-Ag nanocomposite by drawing was higher at room temperature more than that produced by HPT. It will be explained strengthening mechanism by the Hall-Petch. Eq.

제주해녀의 건강생활에 관한 문화기술지

김필환 부산가톨릭대학교 2016 국내박사

This study had the purpose of identifying the health lifestyles of sea women of Jeju by examining aspects and principles that contribute to those women’s healthy life under an assumption that they are living healthily as they are interacting with environments. To know the health lifestyles and their meanings from the perspective of Jeju’s sea women, this study was designed to be an ethnographic research. For the above purpose, this researcher made a field survey at a village of Hanrim-eup in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province for 1 and a half years from March 2014 to Oct. 2015. Participants of this study were sea women who were 50 to 82 years old, had more than 30 years’ experiences of underwater work, had the ability to communicate, were possible to think and judge in clear and consistent manners and who agreed voluntarily to participate in this study with an understanding of its purpose. Through the study, this researcher could obtain the following results. First, this study could determine in detail the characteristics of health lifestyles that sea women of Jeju have, especially in terms of ‘awareness of being a sea woman and the acceptance of underwater work’, ‘formation of relational networks’ and ‘body control’. Concerning 「awareness of being a sea woman and the acceptance of underwater work」, sea women naturally learned from their mothers’ underwater work when they were young. They found that underwater work can make money with no need of investment and supply food in financially and environmentally poor conditions, so they automatically agreed to engage in underwater work and naturally accepted their role as sea women. This clearly established their self-identity as being a sea woman and contributed to making them respect themselves. Concerning 「formation of relational networks」, sea women of Jeju have lots of significant inclinations in relationships with their children, other sea women as their co-workers, the guardian deity of their village and the fishery managers. Relational networks between sea women and their co-workers are developed in a certain direction as they work together under water. Sea women form a community with other sea women. As members of that community, then, they belong to ‘us’, in which they maintain, stick to and expand those relational networks. Under the networks, sea women dive together at the right time of underwater work, protect and rely on each other in case of danger, exchange information and take care of each other. Furthermore, sea women of Jeju are capable of developing themselves based on the consciousness of community. Sea women also form relational networks with the guardian deity of their village , which is an emotional prop that those women believe in to pray for their safety during work under water. As they continue to engage in underwater work, sea women establish supportive relationships with that deity. According to their relational networks with fishery managers, sea women follow prescribed guidelines and rules. They are keeping what they are within another community in which they maintain coexistence with those managers. In relationships with their children, sea women of Jeju coexist with those children psychologically, though behaving independently. 「Body control」 suggests that sea women have accepted their bodily changes and tried to adapt themselves to those changes in their own customary ways. Sea women of Jeju control and adapt themselves to their bodily symptoms as they move while swimming or work under water. They try to keep working under water in efficient manners while alleviating those symptoms with drugs that they have been taking customarily. Second, sea women of Jeju has some principles of health life, or productivity, efficiency and harmony. Sea women accept their limitations without special attention to their bodily changes, just controlling their body conditions and establishing their identity as a woman working under water. Based on relational networks with other sea women as co-workers, the guardian deity of their village, fishery managers and their children, sea women of Jeju develop themselves effectively and live a harmonious life. The principle of efficiency is that sea women clearly keep in mind their identity as a sea woman and play a critical role in maintaining family economy by working under water to earn money due to influences from their mothers. They keep working under water for their livelihood, when they little think of their bodily symptoms and, instead, control the problems in their own customary ways. Keeping their identity even in the difficulties of life, controlling their health conditions themselves and continuing to work under water are all reflections of the principle of productivity on which sea women of Jeju stand themselves up. While supporting themselves based on the principle of productivity, sea women of Jeju pursues the principles of efficiency and harmony. Sea women accord themselves with the norms and rules of their community. They also seek harmony between their body and mind through body control and try to harmonize themselves spiritually with the guardian deity of their village which is their emotional prop. In addition, they try to make harmonic relationships with other sea women as their co-workers. Harmony developed in these ways interact with the above described productivity, making and keeping their lives in balance. With its findings considered, this study is expected to provide basic information that can be useful in making the lives of sea women of Jeju qualitatively better and providing better nursing intervention services in ways in ways appropriate for the culture of Jeju. The study is also expected to help develop a body of knowledge about those women’s health lifestyles and promote subsequent researches on sea women in different regions. 본 연구는 제주해녀가 환경과 상호작용하며 건강한 삶을 영위하고 있다고 보는 관점에서 출발하여, 제주해녀가 건강한 삶을 이끄는 양상과 관련된 일련의 원리를 추출함으로써 제주해녀의 건강생활 양식을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제주해녀의 관점에서 건강생활 양식의 양상과 의미를 파악하기 위해 문화기술지 연구 방법을 적용하였다. 연구를 위하여 제주특별자치도 한림읍에 위치한 한 마을에서 2014년 3월부터 2015년 10월까지 1년 6개월 동안에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시하였다. 연구 참여자는 50세부터 82세까지의 물질 경험이 30년 이상인 자, 의사소통이 가능하고 사고의 흐름이나 판단이 명료하고 일관성이 있는 자, 본 연구의 목적을 이해하고 연구 참여에 자발적으로 동의하는 자로 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 발견한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제주해녀의 건강생활 양상은 해녀됨의 자각과 물질 수용, 관계망 형성, 몸 조절이라는 면에서 그 구체적인 특징을 파악할 수 있었다. 「해녀됨의 자각과 물질 수용」에서 보면, 어릴 적 어머니가 하는 물질을 따라서 자연스럽게 체득하고, 별다른 투자 없이 돈벌이가 될 뿐 아니라 먹고살기 힘든 환경 조건에서 먹을 것을 공급할 수 있기 때문에, 물질을 자동적으로 수용하고 해녀로서의 자연스레 받아들이게 되었다. 이러한 양상은 해녀로서의 자아정체감을 확실히 하게 하고 자기를 존중하는 데 기여했다. 「관계망 형성」에서는 동료해녀, 마을 수호신, 어로관리, 자식에 대하여 다양한 유의미한 경향성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 물질을 통해 동료해녀와의 관계망도 일정한 방향으로 형성된다. 동료 해녀들과 공동체를 이루고 그 일원으로서의 ?우리?에 속하면서 관계망을 유지, 고수하고 확장시킨다. 동료해녀와 관계망을 형성함으로써 물때를 따라 바다에 함께 들어가고, 위험상황에서 서로 보호, 의지하며 상호간에 정보를 교환하고, 배려하며 같이 살아가는 것이다. 나아가 제주해녀는 동료 해녀들과의 공동체 의식을 근거로 하여 자기를 확대시킬 수 있다. 마을 수호신과의 관계망에서 볼 때, 마을 수호신은 안전하게 물질을 할 수 있게 해 주는 믿음의 대상으로서 정신적 지주 역할을 하고, 제주해녀는 물질을 유지하면서 수호신에 대한 지지망을 확립한다. 어로관리와의 관계망 형성에서는, 일정한 규율과 규칙을 준수하며 서로 공생하는 관계를 유지하는 공동체 안에서 자기를 확립하면서 살아간다. 자식과는 각자 독립적인 행동을 하지만 심리적으로 자식과 공존하는 것이다. 「몸 조절」은 신체변화를 수용하고 그에 맞게 적응하되 관습적 방법을 따라 자기 나름대로 조절하려는 경향을 보여주는 것이다. 제주해녀는 물질을 하면서 움직일 때, 일터에서 일을 할 때 자신의 신체적 자각증상을 조절하면서 적응한다. 신체적 자각 증상의 변화에 대해 제주해녀들은 관습(慣習)적으로 복용하는 약으로 어려움을 모면하고, 물질을 지속하면서 효율성과 조화성을 발휘하려 한다. 둘째, 제주해녀의 건강생활 원리는 생산성, 효율성과 조화성에 따라 이루어진다. 해녀들은 신체 변화에 얽매이지 않고 그 한계를 수용함으로써 신체와 조화를 이루고 해녀로서의 자기를 확립한다. 관계망 형성에서는 동료해녀, 마을 수호신, 어로관리, 자식과의 관계망을 통해 효율적으로 자기를 확립하고 조화된 삶을 살아간다. 제주해녀는 어머니의 영향을 받아 물질을 하면서 돈을 벌고 해녀로서의 자아정체감을 확실시하고, 가족경제를 영위하는 데에 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 신체 자각 증상에 대해서도 오히려 대수롭지 않게 생각하고 자신만의 관습적 방법으로 조절하며 물질을 유지하고 살아간다. 이처럼 삶의 어려움이 있어도 자기 정체성을 유지하고 건강을 조절하며 물질 행위를 중단하지 않고 이어나가는 데에서 생산성의 원리를 발견할 수 있다. 제주해녀는 이러한 생산성의 원리를 한쪽 축으로 하고 다른 한편으로 효율성과 조화성의 원리를 추구한다. 해녀는 그 집단 내에서 규범과 규율을 지키며 조화를 이룬다. 뿐만 아니라 신체를 조절하여 자신의 몸과 마음이 조화되기를 추구하고, 정신적 지주인 마을 수호신과도 영적인 면에서 조화를 이루려 한다. 또 동료해녀와도 조화로운 관계를 형성한다. 이러한 조화성은 앞서 말한 생산성과 상호작용하면서 삶을 균형 잡히게 이어가게 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 제주해녀의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있도록 도와주는 데 이용될 수 있고, 제주의 문화에 맞는 간호 중재에 기본적인 자료를 제공 할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가서 제주해녀의 건강생활 양상에 대한 지식체 개발과 다른 지역에 있는 해녀를 연구하는 데에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

고등학교 미술과에서의 서비스디자인 프로세스를 적용한 디자인 교육 프로그램 연구

김필환 한국교원대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

최근 미술교육에서는 표현, 미술작품성 그 자체뿐 아니라 그와 관련된 개념, 맥락 그리고 삶과의 연계성을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 변화를 디자인의 다학제적 속성과 사회와의 관계성을 활용하여 풀어나가고자 하였고, 구체적 방법으로서 서비스디자인의 교육을 활용하였다. 서비스디자인은 결과물에 중점을 두는 기존의 디자인과 다르게 결과는 물론 맥락적인 접근과 그 과정 또한 중시한다. 이를 근거로 맥락적 사고와 미적 활동을 동반할 수 있는 서비스디자인 활동이 좋은 교육적 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상하였고, 고등학교 미술교육에서의 서비스디자인의 적용과 실제적 가능성을 확인하기 위해 프로그램을 계획하고 적용하였다. 프로그램은 학생들이 학교생활에서의 경험을 바탕으로 스스로 해결할 문제를 선정하는 것을 시작으로 디자인 카운슬의 서비스디자인 프로세스인 ‘발견, 정의, 개발, 전달’의 네 단계를 거치면서 새로운 접근을 통한 디자인 학습을 하도록 구성되었다. 수업 실행 후 분석한 설문조사결과와 학습과정의 관찰, 학습 결과물, 심층인터뷰의 결과에 따르면 다음과 같은 교육적 의의를 확인 할 수 있었다. 첫째, 학습자는 실제 경험에서 주제를 찾아내는 과정을 통해서 경험과 디자인을 연계할 수 있었다. 둘째, 프로세스가 제시하는 방법을 통해 문제를 해결하는 과정에서 맥락적이고 창의적인 사고를 경험할 수 있었다. 셋째, 서로 다른 구성원들로 이루어진 모둠학습을 통해 디자인에 대한 다양한 접근이 이루어질 수 있었다. 넷째, 공동의 목표를 위한 협동학습으로 전인교육이 이루어질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 다섯째, 일상에서 만나는 동시대의 디자인에 대해 이해할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 서비스디자인은 현재 미술교육에서 요구하는 삶을 위한 미술교육, 전인교육을 실현할 수 있는 특성을 갖고 있어 교육적 의의가 있음을 확인하였다.

초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 또래애착의 매개효과

김필환 대진대학교 교육대학원 2023 국내석사

본 연구는 초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 또래애착의 매개 효과에 대해 연구하여 학생의 원만한 또래관계 형성과 학교생활적응에 도움이 되고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 위한 연구 문제를 설정해 보았다. 첫째, 초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존, 또래애착, 학교생활적응은 어떠한가? 둘째, 초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존과 학교생활적응, 또래애착 사이에는 어떠한 관계가 있는가? 셋째, 초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 또래애착은 매개효과가 있는가? 본 연구의 대상은 경기북부 D시에 소재하고 있는 S초등학교 5학년 86명(남자: 41명, 여자: 45명), 6학년 89명(남자: 44명, 여자: 45명)으로 총 175명이다. 연구 도구로는 스마트폰 과의존 척도, 또래애착 척도, 학교생활적응 척도를 사용하였다. 자료분석을 위하여 SPSS 29.0을 이용하였다. 측정도구의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 Cronbach's α를 측정했다. 빈도분석을 통해 인구통계학적 변인을 확인하였다. 변인의 평균과 표준편차를 알아보기 위해 빈도분석을 실시하였고, 성별과 학년에 따른 변인의 차이를 확인하기 위해 t검증을 실시하였다. 변인 간 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 상관분석을 실시하였으며 스마트폰 과의존과 학교생활적응 간 관계에서 또래애착의 매개효과 검증을 알아보기 위하여 매개변수 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 매개효과의 유의성 검증을 위해 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로는 첫째, 초등학생의 성별과 학년에 따라 스마트폰 과의존, 또래애착, 학교생활적응은 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존과 또래애착 간에는 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 스마트폰 과의존과 학교생활적응 간에도 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 셋째, 초등학생의 스마트폰 과의존이 학교생활적응에 영향을 미치는 관계에서 또래애착은 부분매개효과를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 경기북부 특정 지역의 1개 학교 2개 학년을 표집 대상으로 제한하였기 때문에 전체에 대하여 일반화하기는 어렵다. 또한, 스마트폰의 다양한 애플리케이션 및 컨텐츠들에 대한 고려가 이루어지지 못했다.(짧게 바꿔썼음.) 본 연구의 결과와 관련하여 또래와의 정서석 유대감을 높일 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 학교교육과정 안에 포함하고 또래 상담을 활용한 스마트폰 중독 예방 및 치료 프로그램이 개발되어야 한다. 또한 학교 현장에서 실질적인 스마트폰 의존도를 낮추는 예방 교육과 관련한 다양한 교육자료와 교육 방법이 연구되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to study the mediating effect of peer attachment in the relationship between smartphone overdependence and school life adaptation in elementary school students, to help students form good peer relationships and adapt to school life. A research problem was set up for this purpose. First, how are elementary school students' smartphone overdependence, peer attachment, and school life adjustment? Second, what is the relationship between elementary school students' smartphone overdependence, school life adjustment, and peer attachment? Third, does peer attachment have a mediating effect on the relationship between smartphone overdependence and school life adjustment in elementary school students? The subjects of this study were 86 5th graders (male: 41, female: 45) and 89 6th graders (male: 44, female: 45), a total of 175 students, located in D-city, northern Gyeonggi Province. to be. As research tools, smartphone dependence scale, peer attachment scale, and school life adjustment scale were used. SPSS 29.0 was used for data analysis. To verify the reliability of the measurement tool, Cronbach's α was measured. Demographic variables were identified through frequency analysis. A frequency analysis was conducted to find out the mean and standard deviation of variables, and a t-test was conducted to confirm the difference in variables according to gender and grade. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between variables, and parametric regression analysis was conducted to find out the mediating effect of peer attachment in the relationship between smartphone overdependence and school life adjustment. To verify the significance of the mediating effect, the Sobel test was conducted. As a result of this study, first, there was no significant difference in smartphone overdependence, peer attachment, and school life adjustment according to gender and grade of elementary school students. Second, there was a negative correlation between smartphone overdependence and peer attachment in elementary school students. There was also a negative correlation between smartphone overdependence and school life adjustment. Third, in the relationship between elementary school students' smartphone overdependence affecting school life adaptation, peer attachment showed a partial mediating effect. Since this study limited the sample to two grades in one school in a specific area in northern Gyeonggi Province, it is difficult to generalize to the entire population. In addition, the various applications and contents of the smartphone have not been considered. A smartphone addiction prevention and treatment program using peer counseling should be developed. In addition, various educational materials and educational methods related to preventive education that reduces actual smartphone dependence in schools should be studied.