서브샘플링방식을 이용한 고속 움직임 예측 알고리즘

김철중(Chul-Jung Kim),채병조(Byung-Jo Chae),오승준(Seoung-Jun Oh),정광수(Kwang-Su Chung) 한국통신학회 2000 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.11

서브샘플링을 이용한 수정된 Two - Step 고속 움직임 예측 알고리즘

김철중(Chul-Jung Kim),채병조(Byung-Jo Chae),오승준(Seoung-Jun Oh),정광수(Kwang-Su Chung) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1A

동영상을 효율적으로 압축하기 위한 움직임벡터 예측에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 가장 일반적인 FBMA(Full search-based Block Matching Algorithm)는 화질은 좋지만 계량이 많기 때문에 실시간 인코딩을 요구하는 시스템에서 사용하는데 문제가 있다. 좋은 화질을 유지하면서 인코딩 속도를 해결하기 위한 많은 알고리즘들이 제안되어 왔지만 ASIC이나 소형 시스템에서 사용할 수 있는 방법이 계속 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계산량을 더욱 줄여 속도향상을 위한 방법인 TSWS(Two-Step search With Subsampling method) 제안하였다. TSWS는 블록정합알고리즘에 기반을 두고 있으며, 서브샘플링한 값으로 움직임 벡터를 찾는다. TSWS를 사용하였을 때 기존 방법들이 제공하는 주관적 화질이나 PSNR을 어느 정도 유지하면서도 속도를 20~30% 정도를 개선시킬 수 있다.

서브샘플링을 이용한 새로운 고속 움직임 예측 알고리즘

김철중(Chul-Jung Kim),채병조(Byung-Jo Chae),오승준(Seoung-Jun Oh),정광수(Kwang-Su Chung) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2Ⅲ

동영상을 효율적으로 압축하기 위한 움직임벡터 예측에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 가장 일반적인 FBMA(Full search-based Block Matching Algorithm)는 화질은 좋지만 계산량이 많기 때문에 실시간 인코딩을 요구하는 시스템에서 사용하는데 문제가 있다. 좋은 화질을 유지하면서 인코딩 속도를 해결하기 위한 많은 알고리즘들이 제안되어 왔지만 ASIC이나 소형 시스템에서 사용할 수 있는 방법이 계속 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계산량을 더욱 줄여 속도향상을 가져오면서 FBMA와 비슷한 SNR을 유지하는 방법인 NMS(New Fast Motion Estimation Search With Subsmapling Method)를 제안하였다. NMS는 서브샘플림한 값을 이용하여 SAD값을 구하고 또한 새로운 Search를 제안하며 기존 방법들이 제공하는 주관적 화질이나 PSNR을 높게 유지하면서도 속도를 10~15% 정도 개선시킬 수 있다.

저비트율 비디오 압축율을 위한 새로운 고속 움직임 예측 알고리즘

김철중 ( Chul Jung Kim ),장호연 ( Ho Yun Chang ),노대영 ( Dae Young No ),오승준 ( Seoung Jun Oh ),정광수 ( Kwang Sue Chung ) 한국화상학회 2001 한국화상학회지 Vol.7 No.2

최근 들어 ASIC이나 소형 시스템에서 사용할 수 있는 더 빠르고 정확한 움직임 벡터 예측방법이 요구되고 있다. 블록 움직임 벡터를 예측하기 위한 전역탐색 (Full Search: FS) 방법은 탐색영역의 모든 화소들을 탐색하여 움직임 벡터를 예측하는 방법으로 화질과 PSNR은 좋지만 많은 계산량이 요구된다. 이전에 제안된 고속 알고리즘들은 탐색하는 회수를 제한함으로써 계산량을 줄였기 때문에 움직임 벡터 예측의 정확도가 낮고, 움직임 보상시 SAD 값이 높아지는 것을 감수해야한다. 본 논문은 기존의 고속 알고리즘과 유사한 화질을 유지하면서 속도를 향상시키는 저비트율에서 효과적인 새로운 움직임 예측 탐색 알고리즘을 제안한다. NSS (A New Past Subsampling-based Search Algorithm for Block Motion Estimation)라 불리는 제안된 알고리즘은 서브샘플링 방법을 위한 디더링 패턴과 주위 블록의 움직임벡터를 이용하는 방법을 기반으로 하고 있다. 제안된 알고리즘은 기존 알고리즘들과 유사한 시각적 화질을 제공하면서 입력 비디오 영상에 따라 약 50% 정도 계산량을 줄일 수 있다. Recently we needs a faster and more accurate motion vector search algorithm for an ASIC (Application Specific IC) or a small system. A full search algorithm for block motion estimation is computationally intensive even though it can provide the best visual quality. Previously proposed fast algorithm reduce the computation by limiting the number of searching locations. This is accomplished at the expense of less accuracy of motion estimation and gives rise to an appreciably higher sum of absolute difference (SAD) for motion compensated images. In this paper, we present a new fast search algorithm for block motion estimation that can produce proper visual quality Performance and less computational time compared with conventional fast algorithms. The proposed algorithm, NSS (A New Fast Subsampling-based Search Algorithm for Block Motion Estimation), is based on the ideas of dithering pattern for pixel decimation and using motion vectors in adjacent macro blocks. NSS is especially an efficient method for low bit-rate video coding. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithms is superior to conventional fast algorithms in computational complexity up to about 50% with almost the same visual quality performance.

益苓湯과 益苓湯加味方이 Puromycin Aminonucleoside로 유발된 白鼠의 賢症에 미치는 영향

조충식(Chung-Sik Cho),김철중(Chul-Jung Kim) 대한한의학회 2002 대한한의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

사물제통탕(四物除痛湯)이 Taxol 처리 및 좌골신경 압좌 손상 후 신경조직 변화에 미치는 영향

윤성식,김철중,조충식,Youn, Sung-Sik,Kim, Chul-Jung,Cho, Chung-Sik 대한한방내과학회 2012 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

Background : Peripheral nerves more rapidly recover than central nerves. However, it has been known that the degree of reaction of axons of peripheral nerves is affected by distinctive characteristics of axons and environmental factors near the axons. Taxol is a widely used medicine as for ovarian, breast, lung and gastric cancer. However it causes patients difficulties under treatment due to its toxic and side effects, which include persistent pain. Objectives : This study reviewed how SJT extract in vitro and in vivo affects nerve tissues of a sciatic nerve damaged by Taxol. It also studied how SJT extract in vivo affects axons of the sciatic nerve after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing. Methods : After vehicle, Taxol, and Taxol plus SJT were treated respectively for tissue of the sciatic nerve in vitro and then tissues were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and anti-cdc2. SJT was also oral medicated by injecting Taxol into the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats. Tissues of the sciatic nerve and axons of DRG sensory nerves were then observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and p-Erk1/2. After inflicting pressing damage to the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats, tissues of the sciatic nerve and DRG sensory nerve were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3, anti-cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$-integrin, Dil reverse tracking and p-Erk1/2. Results : The group of in vitro Taxol plus SJT treatment had meaningful effects after sciatic nerve tissue was damaged by Taxol. The group of in vivo SJT treatment had effects of regenerating Schwann cells and axons which were damaged by Taxol treatment. The group of in vivo SJT had effects of regenerating axons in damaged areas after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing, and also had variations of distribution in Schwann cells at DRG sensory nerves and axons. Conclusions : This study confirmed that SJT treatment is effective for growth of axons in the sciatic nerve tissues and improvement of Schwann cells after axons of the sciatic nerve tissues was damaged. After tissues of sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing in vivo, SJT treatment had effects on promoting regeneration of axon in the damaged area and reactional capabilities in axons of DRG sensory nerves.

청혈탕(淸血湯)과 가미청혈탕(加味淸血湯)이 비만(肥滿)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김만호,김철중,조충식,Kim, Man-Ho,Kim, Chul-Jung,Cho, Chung-Sik 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

Objectuves : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cheunghyeoltang(CHT) and Gami-Cheunghyeoltang(GCHT) on the obesity in rats. Methods : After we divided rats into four different groups, we Provided to normal group general diet and distilled water, to control group high fat diet and distilled water, to CHT group high fat diet and CHT and to GCHT group with high fat diet and GCHT for 9 weeks. Afterward we check the change of body weight, the concentration of AST, ALT, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, the Atherogenic index and the gene expression of leptin in rats. Results : The increase of body weight were suppressed significantly in the CHT group and GCHT group in comparision with control group, the serum ALT showed significant decrease in the GCHT group in comparison with control group, the serum total cholesterol showed significant decrease in the CHT and GCHT group in comparison with control group, the atherogenic index(AI) showed significant decrease in the GCHT group in comparison with control group and the serum leptin showed increase of gone expression in the GCHT group in comparison with control group. Conclusions : According to the experimental results, it is suggested that CHT is effective to the suppression of body weight's increase, the improvement of hyperlipidemia and the activation of leptin's gene expression, GCHT is effective to the suppression of body weight's increase, the improvement of hyperlipidemia, the decrease of arteriosclerosis and the activation of leptin's gene expression. Therefore CHT and GCHT seem to be applicable to obesity, arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia in clinical practice.

보기제통탕이 말초신경병증 모델에서 신경 손상 회복에 미치는 영향

박상우,김철중,조충식,Park, Sang-Woo,Kim, Chul-Jung,Cho, Chung-Sik 대한한방내과학회 2013 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : Effects of Bogijetong-tang (BJT) on peripheral nerve regeneration have been reported in a previous study on BJT but additional study on a damaged peripheral neuropathy where its damage level is physically and chemically more severe was needed. Plus, this study was conducted because there haven't been any studies for BJT on central nerve regeneration. Methods : In order to check the effect on central nerve regeneration, the study on cerebellum cells was started and the sciatic nerve was used to observe the effects on a peripheral nerve which was severely damaged both physically and chemically. Nerve recovery effects were observed by analyzing target proteins such as phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ${\beta}1$ integrin, neurofilament 200, growth-associated protein-43, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, phospho-vimentin, phospho-Smad, and caspase 3. Results : The significant changes of target protein in cerebellum neurons have been observed. The changes of index protein on the axon regeneration and the nerve recovery in the sciatic nerve have been observed and the effects on cell protection were observed, as well. Conclusions : This study confirmed that BJT made a significant influence on nerve protection and recovery of a damaged peripheral neuropathy and it also made a possibility of its regeneration in a damaged central nerve injury.

만성 전립선염 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

조충식,김철중,임범수,Cho, Chung-Sik,Kim, Chul-Jung,Lim, Bum-Soo 대한한방내과학회 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives : In order to study the effect of oriental medical therapy on chronic prostatitis patient, the change of WBC counts on expressed prostatic secretion(EPS) was investigated. Methods : Chronic prostatitis patient who had been diagnosed by EPS test was re-tested as same way after improvement of symptom And then we investigated the change of WBC counts on EPS according to therapeutic period, age, usual habit, herb medicine and symptom of each patient, and his and his sexual partner's past history of STD or UTI. Results : According to the change of WBC counts on EPS, improvement rate was 83.3%, cure rate was 46.7%. The youth who didn't have the usual habit of enduring ejaculation during sexual intercourse, enduring urination and sitting long time a day was improved well. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is suggested that oriental medical therapy is effective to the change of WBC counts on EPS.

보기제통탕감미방(補氣除痛湯減味方)의 랫드 말초신경 손상에 대한 회복 효과 연구

김진미,조충식,김철중,Kim, Jin-Mi,Cho, Chung-Sik,Kim, Chul-Jung 대한한방내과학회 2012 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Bogijetongtanggammi-bang (BJTG) on injury of the peripheral nerve tissues. Methods : Rats were divided into 2 groups. The rats of the first group were injected with Taxol (1.25 mg/kg) to their sciatic nerves, once each. The sciatic nerves of the rats of the second group were crushed by forcept for 30 seconds. Rats were administered with BJTG (400 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline for 5 days. Changes of DRG neurons, Schwann cells, Cdc2, caspase 3. phospho-p44/42 Erk1/2, phospho-vimentin and ${\beta}1$ integrin were observed by fluorescent microscope and analysed in western blot. Results : In Taxol-treated SD rat models, BJTG up-regulated neurite outgrowth, Schwann cells, Cdc2 and phospho-Erk1/2, and down-regulated caspase 3. In pressure-injured rat models, BJTG up-regulated axons of sciatic nerve, Schwann cells, Cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$ integrin, and down-regulated caspase 3. Conclusions : Taken together, BJTG was promotive of nerve regeneration on SNI as well as Taxol-induced nerve injury. BJTG had a pharmaceutical property enhancing recovery of injured peripheral nerves and could be a candidate for drug development after further research.