진해만의 수괴구조와 용존산소 분포

김차겸,이필용,KIM Cha-kyum,LEE Pil-Yong 한국수산과학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.5

To investigate water mass structure and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) distribution in Chinhae Bay, temperature, salinity and DO were observed in the bay in summer and winter from 1990 to 1993, and two-dimensional tidal current and parameter log($H/U^3$) were computed. Shallow water fronts in the bay were formed in summer in Kaduk channel and the central part of the bay having log($H/U^3$) values of $2.0{\sim}2.5$. Oxygen deficiency at the bottom layer in summer occurred in the western and northern part of the bay with weak tidal current, where the value of log($H/U^3$) was more than about 3.5 and $M_2$ tidal current was less than about 20 cm/s. DO concentration at the bottom layer of Kaduk channel and the central channel of the bay having the strong tidal current was more than about 3.5 mg/l. The isolines of DO concentration were nearly parallel to the isovelocity, and the concentrations correlated with the frontal location. The frontal location and DO distribution were influenced by tidal range, river inflow and meteorological conditions, and also correlated with bottom slope characteristics.

3차원 점성토(粘性土) 운송(運送) 모델의 개발(開發)과 수영만(水營灣)의 부유물질 확산

김차겸,이종섭,Kim, Cha Kyum,Lee, Jong Sup 대한토목학회 1993 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

유한차분법으로 3차원 점성토 수송 모델 COSETM-3을 개발하여 개수로의 중층에서 시간에 따른 부유니의 상대농도에 관한 실험결과(實驗結果)와 비교하였으며, 그 결과 잘 일치하였다. 모델의 현지(現地) 적용성(適用性)과 수영만(水營灣)의 SS(Suspended Solids) 확산을 조사하기 위해 대조기(大潮期) 수평시(平水時)와 홍수시(洪水時)에 모델을 수영만에 적용하여 수영강(水營江)에서 유출되는 SS의 거동(擧動)을 해석하였으며, 그 결과 현지의 SS 거동을 정성적으로 잘 예측하였다. 침강속도가 SS의 농도분포에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 검토하였다. 침강(沈降)을 고려하지 않은 경우 SS 농도는 표층이 저층보다 높게 나타났으나, 침강(沈降)을 고려했을 경우에는 저층이 표층보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고, 표층에서는 활발한 해수교환으로 인해 SS의 변동폭이 크게 나타났으나, 저층에서는 해수교환(海水交換)이 약하기 때문에 SS의 변동폭이 상대적으로 작게 나타났다. 홍수시(洪水時) SS 확산패턴은 평수시(平水時)와 유사하게 나타났으나, SS 농도는 평수시(平水時)보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 첨두유량이 발생할 때까지 SS 농도는 점차 증가하였으나, 첨두유량이 발생한 이 후부터 SS 농도는 유출량(流出量)의 감소로 인해 점차 감소하였다.

Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Experiments of Tidal and Wind-Driven Currents in Chinhae Bay

김차겸,KIM, CHA-KYUM The Korean Society of Oceanography 1994 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Tidal and wind-driven currents in Chinhae Bay are investigated using a three-dimensional numerical model developed by Kim et al. (1993). The simulations indicate that the flow patterns in the bay are predominated by the bathymetry, wind and river inflow, and the effects of wind on the flow pattern in the inner bay are much stronger than those in the entrance channel. Computed tidal currents coincide with the field measurements. The horizontal and vertical velocities of tidal and residual currents are strong in the entrance channel of the bay, whereas the velocities are relatively weak in the western and northern parts of the bay. Computed velocity fields show the expected phase difference between the velocities in the surface and those in the bottom layer, and these characteristics are more remarkable during the spring tide than the neap tide. The surface currents in the bay depend strongly on the wind and river inflow, and such phenomena are more remarkable during the neap tide than the spring tide.

수영만의 조류, 염분 및 부유물질의 분포

김차겸,이종섭,KIM Cha-Kyum,LEE Jong-Sup 한국수산과학회 1992 한국수산과학회지 Vol.25 No.5

To investigate the flow pattern and mixing process in Suyoung Bay, field observations and data analyses of tidal current, salinity and suspended sediment (SS) were carried out. Ebb flow is stronger than flood flow, and duration of ebb tide is longer than that of flood tide. Semi-diurnal component of tidal current is predominant, and current rotating clockwise occurs in the central part of the bay. The direction of the residual currents in the central part of the bay and offshore is almost N to WNW, and the speed is 4-14cm/s. Eulerian diffusion coefficients estimated from the current data have the range of $6.2\times10^4-4.2\times10^6\;cm^2/s,$ Salinity structure in Suyoung River estuary during flood tide is of partially mixed type, but is of stratified type during ebb tide. Salinity fluctuation is large at the surface, and the fluctuation decreases with depth. SS concentration in Suyoung River estuary has a higher value during ebb tide than that during flood tide. Salinity and 55 concentrations in the estuary appeared to be very sensitive to the change of river flow.

미세퇴적물(微細堆積物)의 부상특성(浮上特性)에 관한 연구(硏究)

김차겸,이종섭,Kim, Cha-Kyum,Lee, Jong-Sup 대한토목학회 1992 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.12 No.3

A series of experiments on the resuspension of deposited fine-grained sediments were carried out in a recirculating straight flume to investigate the influence of the sediment type, water content and bed shear stress (${\tau}_b$) on the resuspension characteristics of the sediments. The sediments were sampled from Youngkwang coast and Youngdo coast which are located in the western sea and southeastern sea of Korea, respectively. Critical bed shear stress (${\tau}_c$) for resuspension was deduced for each experimental series. For the same sediment, critical bed shear stress for resuspension decreased but suspension mass or rate increased with increasing water content. The resuspension of deposited fine-grained sediments depended strongly on the water content, and the sediment type characterizing the inter-particle bond strength. It has been found that critical bed shear stress for resuspension in the unidirection flow is about 4 times higher than that in the combined wave-current flow, In case of lower bed shear stress, after an initially high suspension, suspension mass approaches a constant value due to the bed hardening with increasing time, but in case of higher bed shear stress, suspension mass increased successively due to the bed softening with time. Initial suspension rate, $E={\alpha}_3({\tau}_b/{\tau}_c-1)^{\beta}$ (where ${\alpha}_3$ and ${\beta}$=empirical constants), was estimated for each experimental series, ${\alpha}_3$ and ${\beta}$ values for the same sediment increased with water content.

하구에서 Two-level 모델에 의한 해수유동 및 확산에 관한 수치실험

김차겸,이종섭,KIM Cha-Kyum,LEE Jong-Sup 한국수산과학회 1991 한국수산과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Two-level numerical models are formulated to predict the flow pattern, SS(suspended solids) distribution and the behavior of discharged fresh water in estuary, and are applied to the Suyoung River estuary in Pusan, Korea. To verify the application of the models, field observations of tidal current, salinity and 55 were performed during the period of spring tide. Computed upper level velocities by two-level model are in better agreement with observed values than single model. Apart from the magnitude of the velocities, the predicted flow fields at upper level are similar to those obtained at lower level. Upper level velocities in river channel during ebb spring tide are about 2 times stronger than those during flood spring tide due to the discharging flow rate from the Suyoung River. Two-level model results on the salinity and 55 distribution at upper level are compared with the observed ones at the surface. Computed salinity distributions are in good agreement with the observed values, but computed 55 distributions show $6{\~}10$ ppm higher values than the observed ones.

서해 구시포 해안에서 해수유동에 미치는 구조물의 영향

김차겸,박일흠,Kim, Cha-Kyum,Park, Il Heum 한국수자원학회 2022 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.55 No.11

서해안에 위치한 구시포 해안에서 구조물 설치가 해수유동의 변화에 미치는 영향을 해석하기 위해 조석·조류의 현장관측과 EFDC 모형을 이용하여 수치모형실험을 수행하였다. 해수유동 모델의 재현성을 검토하기 위하여 조석·조류의 모델 결과와 현장관측 결과를 비교·검증하였으며, 검증결과 비교적 서로 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 구시포 해수욕장 전면해역에서 최강 유속분포는 약 20~40 cm/sec이고, 해수욕장 외해에서는 60~80 cm/sec로 나타났다. 구시포 해안에서 전형적인 해수유동 패턴은 등수심선에 평행하며, 창조시에는 북동방향으로 유입하고, 낙조시에는 남서방향으로 유출되는 특성을 보였다. 구조물의 설치로 인한 조류의 유속 및 유량의 변화율을 대조기 24시간 동안 평균유속을 이용하여 산출하였다. 전반적인 유속의 변화는 구조물의 설치로 인하여 차폐된 해역은 유속이 크게 감소하고, 구조물의 외해 영역에서는 유속이 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 구시포 해안의 해수유동 변화에 영향을 미치는 각 구조물의 영향은 초기상태(모든 구조물 설치전)를 기준으로 했을 때, 유량의 변화율은 ① 현 상태(방류제·돌제, 구시포항·연륙교 설치)에서는 약 28.4%, ② 방류제·돌제만 있을 경우는 약 21.3%, ③ 구시포항·연륙교만 있을 경우는 약 9.8% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

실트질 점토의 심강(沈降) 특성(特性)에 관한 연구

김차겸,이종섭,Kim, Cha Kyum,Lee, Jong Sup 대한토목학회 1991 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.11 No.3

To investigate the effect of the initial sediment concentration ($C_o$) and bed shear stress (${\tau}_b$) on the settling properties of silty mud, deposition experiments were conducted in a recirculating flume using silty mud sediment taken from the Youngkwang coast which is located in the eastern Yellow Sea. The relative concentration, $C/C_o$ (C=depth averaged concentration), and the relative equilibrium concentration, $C_{eq}/C_o$ ($C_{eq}$=depth averaged concentration in the equilibrium state), have been found to depend much more strongly on the bed shear stress than initial concentration, and to increase with increasing bed shear stress. The minimum value. ${\tau}_{bmin}$, and maximum value. ${\tau}_{bmax}$, of critical bed shear stress for deposition of the Youngkwang sediment were deduced to be $0.017N/m^2$ and $1.25N/m^2$, respectively, and these values depend strongly on the properties of sediment (grain size and mineralogy). Formulas for the relative concentration and apparent median settling velocity in the range of ${\tau}_b{\geq}{\tau}_{bmin}$ were deduced. The apparent median settling velocity was found to depend much more strongly on the bed shear stress than the initial concentration and to decrease exponentially with increasing bed shear stress.

3차원 수치모형을 이용한 남동해안 폭풍해일 산정

김차겸(Kim Cha-Kyum),이종태(Lee Jong Tae) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.31 No.4B

마산항, 부산항 등 남동해안의 폭풍해일을 산정하기 위해 3차원 및 2차원 폭풍해일 모델을 구축하여 2003년 태풍 “매미”에 의한 폭풍해일을 수치계산하였다. 태풍 “매미”는 2003년 9월 12일 21시에 중심기압 950 hPa인 상태로 남해안에 상륙하였다. 마산항에서 태풍 “매미”에 의한 peak 시 폭풍해일의 현장관측치는 230 ㎝, 3차원 모델에 의한 계산결과는 238 ㎝, 2차원 모델에 의한 계산치는 208 ㎝이다. 부산항에서 관측된 폭풍해일은 89 ㎝, 3차원 모델과 2차원 모델에 의한 계산치는 각각 91 ㎝, 79 cm이다. 본 연구에 의한 3차원 폭풍해일 모델은 현지 폭풍해일을 거의 정확하게 추산하였다. 3차원 모델이 2차원 모델보다 폭풍해일의 peak 시에 현지 폭풍해일을 보다 정확하게 해석하였다. 또한, 2003년 태풍 “매미” 통과시 폭풍류를 수치계산하였다. 마산만 내에서 태풍으로 발생한 표층 유속은 30~60 ㎝/sec 크기로 만내로 유입하고, 저층에서는 20~40 ㎝/sec로 마산만에서 외해로 유출하는 흐름패턴을 보여주고 있다. A three and two dimensional (3D and 2D) numerical models were established to study the storm surge induced by Typoon Maemi in Masan and Pusan Ports. The typhoon landed on the southern coast of Korean Peninsula at 21:00, September 12, 2003 with a central pressure of 950 hPa. The observed maximum storm surge in Masan Port was 230 ㎝, and the computed peak storm surge using the 3D and the 2D models were 238 ㎝ and 208 ㎝, respectively. The observed maximum storm surge in Pusan Port was 89 ㎝, and the peak storm surge of the 3D and the 2D models were 91 ㎝ and 79 ㎝, respectively. The hindcasted storm surge using 3D model was in good agreement with the observed data, and the 3D model at peak time was more accurate than the 2D. The storm-induced currents were computed using the 3D model. The currents in the surface layer of Masan Bay went into the inner bay with 30~60 ㎝/sec, while the currents in the bottom layer flowed out with 20~40 ㎝/sec.

RegNet을 활용한 딥러닝 기반의 하수관 결함 분류 최적화 모델

박상민,이가나,신지혜,김윤재,심태용,문현준 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.05

하수관로 결함 진단은 최근 노후화된 시설물의 급격한 증가에 따라 빅데이터와 인공지능 기술을 활용한 자동화 기술의 필요성이 증가되고 있다. 기존의 하수관로 점검은 소수의 전문가에 의해 육안으로 이뤄지며 이에 따라 오진단 및 시간과 비용이 급격하게 증가되는 비효율적인 시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 하수관 CCTV 영상을 빅데이터 및 딥러닝 기술 기반으로 결함을 효율적으로 진단하는 결함 분류 프레임워크를 제안한다. RegNet 모델을 기반으로 최적화를 수행하여 하수관로의 결함 유형을 자동 분류하여 신속한 점검과 정비를 통한 하수관로 유지/보수의 효율성 및 경제성에 기여한다.