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A Note on Evidentiary Scope of Review in WTO Anti-Dumping Disputes
Jong Bum Kim(김종범) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2004 통상법률 Vol.- No.60
A WTO panel reviewing consistency of a national anti-dumping investigation with the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement faces the issue of whether to include in its review confidential information that was not previously available to the WTO member whose exporters had been subject to investigation. The provisions of the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement fail to provide a clear guidance to the panel faced with this issue. On the one hand, admitting all relevant information provided to the panel, including confidential information, enhances a WTO panels ability to make an informed decision. On the other hand, admitting previously undisclosed information is arguably prejudicial to the complainant country that had to make the decision to bring the case to the panel without being completely informed of all available facts. This unsettled question as to the evidentiary scope of a WTO panels review is lately resolved by the Appellate Bodys decision in Thailand - H-Beams. The Appellate Body expanded the authority of a WTO panel to admit evidence, holding that a panel is not prevented from examining analysis and reasoning in documents that had not been disclosed to interested parties during a national anti-dumping investigation.
얼굴의 대칭성을 이용하여 조명 변화에 강인한 2차원 얼굴 인식 시스템 설계
김종범(Jong-Bum Kim),오성권(Sung-Kwun Oh) 대한전기학회 2015 전기학회논문지 Vol.64 No.7
In this paper, we propose Two-Dimensional Robust Face Recognition System Realized with the Aid of Facial Symmetry with Illumination Variation. Preprocessing process is carried out to obtain mirror image which means new image rearranged by using difference between light and shade of right and left face based on a vertical axis of original face image. After image preprocessing, high dimensional image data is transformed to low-dimensional feature data through 2-directional and 2-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D)2PCA, which is one of dimensional reduction techniques. Polynomial-based Radial Basis Function Neural Network pattern classifier is used for face recognition. While FCM clustering is applied in the hidden layer, connection weights are defined as a linear polynomial function. In addition, the coefficients of linear function are learned through Weighted Least Square Estimation(WLSE). The Structural as well as parametric factors of the proposed classifier are optimized by using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). In the experiment, Yale B data is employed in order to confirm the advantage of the proposed methodology designed in the diverse illumination variation
김종범 ( Jong Bum Kim ),김경환 ( Kyung Hwan Kim ),최병길 ( Byung Gil Choi ),송경석 ( Kyung Seuk Song ),배귀남 ( Gwi Nam Bae ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.4
With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are used in various fields. Therefore, the interest regarding the safety of nanomaterial use is increasing and much effort is diverted toward establishment of exposure assessment and management methods. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are effectively used to protect the health of workers in various industrial workplaces. This study aimed to propose an OEL for domestic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on animal inhalation toxicity test. Basic procedure for development of OELs was examined. For OEL estimation, epidemiological study and quantitative risk assessment are generally performed based on toxicity data. In addition, inhalation toxicity data-based no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and benchmark dose (BMD) are estimated to obtain the OEL. Three different estimation processes (NEDO in Japan, NIOSH in USA, and Baytubes in Germany) of OELs for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were intensively reviewed. From the rat inhalation toxicity test for MWCNTs manufactured in Korea, a NOAEL of 0.98 mg/㎥ was derived. Using the simple equation for estimation of OEL suggested by NEDO, the OEL of 142 μg/㎥ was estimated for the MWCNT manufacturing workplace. Here, we used test rat and Korean human data and adopted 36 as an uncertainty factor. The OEL for MWCNT estimated in this work is higher than those (2-80 μg/㎥) suggested by previous investigators. It may be greatly caused by different physicochemical properties of MWCNT and their dispersion method and test rat data. For setting of regulatory OELs in CNT workplaces, further epidemiological studies in addition to animal studies are needed. More advanced technical methods such as CNT dispersion in air and liquid should be also developed.