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김정필(Kim, Jung-pil) 국방정신전력원 2019 정신전력연구 Vol.0 No.59
테르모퓔라이 전투에서 크세르크세스 대왕이 이끌었던 페르시아 군대는 압도적인 수적 우세에도 불구하고, 레오니다스 왕이 지휘했던 300인의 용맹한 스파르타 전사들에게 큰 치욕을 당했다. 비록 스파르타 군이 테르모퓔라이 전투에서 완패했지만, 페르시아는 그리스 징벌이라는 전쟁목표를 달성하기 위해 값비싼 대가를 치러야 했다. 이 연구의 목적은 테르모퓔라이 전투에서 스파르타군이 보여준 강인한 정신력의 실체를 살펴보고, 이 정신력이 어디서 비롯된 것인지를 분석해 보는 것이다. 연구결과 스파르타 군인들이 강한 정신을 발휘할 수 있었던 것은 첫째, 사회적 영향 요인이 크게 작용했다. 스파르타는 수시로 반란을 꾀했던 헤일로테스들을 잘 다스려 안정적인 사회를 유지하기 위해 부와 권력이 집중되지 않은 평등한 사회, 싸워 이길 힘이 있고, 온 시민이 일치단결된 국가 및 군사조직을 갖추었다. 이처럼 안정된 사회를 바탕으로 스파르타 지배층은 강인한 정신을 소유한 스파르타 시민을 양성하는데 온 사회적 역량을 쏟아 부울 수 있었다. 둘째, 정치·경제적 요인이 한 몫을 했다. 스파르타는 어느 누구도 독점적 권력을 휘두르지 못하도록 철저하게 견제와 균형을 유지하는 정치체제와 국가가 경제적 삶을 책임지는 경제체제 하에서 스파르타인들은 강인한 정신력을 소유하게 되었다. 셋째, 무엇보다도 국가교육제도가 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 모든 스파르타 남자는 국가주도의 체계적인 교육을 받고 자랐다. 교육의 목표는 국가에 대한 무조건적 충성심과 복종심, 어떤 악조건에서도 견딜 수 있는 인내심, 전쟁에서 기꺼이 목숨을 바칠 수 있는 용기를 지닌 강인한 전사를 키우는 것이었다. 이처럼 국가주도의 공교육을 통해 스파르타 사람들은 정신적으로나 육체적으로 강인한 전사로 재탄생할 수 있었던 것이다. The purpose of this study is to examine the Spartan military spirit shown in the battle of Thermopylae, and to analyze the factors that allowed the Spartan to exert their unyielding spirit. The research shows that Spartan soldiers were able to exert their strong spirit in the following reasons. First, social influences played a major role. Sparta was an equal society that had the power to fight and win. Based on this stable society, the Spartan ruling class was able to devote all its social capability to educate and train its citizens with strong spirits. Second, political and economic factors played a part. Sparta had a stable political system that kept thorough checks and balances to prevent anyone from wielding monopoly power. The Spartan lived a very ascetic life, seeking austerity and equality throughout their lives. The Spartan who grew up in this political and economic environment naturally acquired a strong spiritual power. Third, the national education system had a great impact. All Spartan men entered a public school called Agoge at the age of 7 and received 12 years of physical and mental training. Thus, through the stateled educational system, the Spartan were reborn as a strong warrior.
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생태계서비스 평가를 위한 공간 수준별 측정지표 선정 - 공급서비스를 중심으로 -
정필모 ( Jung Pil-mo ),김정인 ( Kim Jung-in ),여인애 ( Yeo Inae ),주우영 ( Joo Wooyeong ),이경은 ( Lee Kyungeun ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2021 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.24 No.6
Provisioning service, which is one of the ecosystem service functions, means goods and services such as food and fuel that people get from ecosystem. Provisioning functions are closely related to the primary industry, a sector of economy. Excessive demand and use of human society can cause trade-offs among regulation, cultural, and supporting services. Therefore, it is important to perform evaluation ecosystem services periodically and to monitor the time series fluctuations to identify the impact of provisioning services on other ecosystem services (trade-off) and to maintain sustainable provisioning service. When it comes to the precise assessment of provisioning service, it is necessary to get the statistical data and standardize indicators and methods. In this study, indicators and methods, which are applicable to the spatial level of national-local-protected areas, were derived through literature analysis and expert survey. The result of this study implies that provisioning services measurement by spatial level improve the efficiency of the establishment of environmental conservation plans by whose purpose.
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건식 염색무늬목을 이용한 가구의 표면장식 디자인 개발연구
김정필(Kim, Jung-pil) 한국조형디자인학회 2010 조형디자인연구 Vol.13 No.2
산업사회로 들어서며 대량생산되는 목제품의 수급을 위하여 무분별한 목재의 남획은 지구의 균형을 파괴하고 이로 인하여 목재의 고갈과 이상기후를 가져옴으로서 더 이상의 계획 없는 남벌은 규제를 받게 되었다. 때문에 일상생활에 사용되는 가구 재료로 금속이나 플라스틱, 석재, 패브릭 (fabric) 등으로 대치하거나 응용하여 사용하고 있지만 목재가 가지고 있는 고유의 인간 친화미(親和美)는 다른 재료가대신하기 어렵다. 이런 상황 하에서 과거 원목(原木) 위주의 가구 재료를 합판이나 집성목, MDF 등으로 목재가공을 개발하여 보충 하고 있으나 가공목재는 기존 가구에 사용하던 원목보다 재질이나 색감, 경도(硬度) 면에서 떨어지고 있다. 이렇게 떨어지는 미감(美感)을 보완하기 위하여 습식무늬목을 접착하여 표면의 질감과 색을 원목과 같은 느낌이 나도록 하였지만 습식무늬목은 내구성이 약하여 수명이 길지 않았다. 이러한 점을 보완하기 위하여 건식무늬목을 개발하였으며 이번 논문에서는 건식 무늬목을 사용하여 가구의 장식적인 효과와 내구성을 보강하였다. 건식 염색 무늬목을 이용하기 위해서 표면이 평활한 MDF를 사용하였는데 접착과정이 습식 무늬목과는 달리 열경화성 수지를 이용한 접착과 우레탄(urethane paint)도장이 필요하였고 이것은 수작업(手作業)으로 가능하지가 않아 설비를 갖춘 공장에서 협조를 받아 제작 하였다. 더 나아가 단순한 원목무늬목을 접착한 것이 아니라 한국 전통 문양을 이용한 패턴디자인을 하여 레이저로 문양을 작업하고 인테리어에 조화될 수 있도록 하였다. 패턴이란 제작지역의 특성을 나타낼 수 있는 요소이므로, 원목의 가공으로 형태에서 지역을 나타내던 방식과는 또 다르게 가구산업에서 활용할 수 있는 중요한 요소의 하나로서 활용할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 과거 전통가구의 제작은 가내공업의 수작업으로 일관하였으나 현재 가구 제작공정은 각 공정마다의 특별한 기술을 적용함으로서 보다 차원 높은 결과를 달성할 수 있음으로 무리한 단일 공정만을 고집할 것이 아니라 각 공정을 전문화 하여 여러 가지 재료와 기술이 그리고 디자인을 협업 하는 것이 중요하다는 결론을 얻었다. With growing demand of wooden products in our industrialized society, insensible use of wood destroyed the balance of the earth, depleted wood and caused abnormal weather conditions, which resulted in development of regulations against reckless deforestation. Therefore, metal, plastic, stone or fabric have replaced wood for materials of furniture, but friendly feeling wood gives can not be replaced by other materials. Under this circumstance, veneer, laminated boards, and MDF supplement it as materials for furniture, But artificial wood is lower in quality of color and hardness than hardwood. To complement low aesthetic sense, wet patterned wood was attached to represent the same texture and colors as those of hard wood, but it did not last long due to weak durability. Dry patterned wood was developed to compensate the weakness, and this study used it to strengthen the decorative effect and durability of furniture. In this study, MDF whose surface is broad was used to apply dry-type dyed wood. As its attaching process needs attachment through thermoset resin and urethane paint as not for wet patterned wood, and it can not be processed manually, it was made in a factory with facilities of the process. Furthermore, Korean traditional patterns were designed for this process and were represented with lasers for harmony with interiors. As patterns can represent local features of the local area, they can be an important element to be used for furniture industry. In conclusion, traditional furniture was consistently manually made but modern process of furniture making can accomplish higher quality using specific techniques for each process. Therefore it is suggested that a diversity of materials and techniques should be developed based on professional processes and cooperation for design rather than a single process is pursued.
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김정필(Kim, Jung-Pil) 한국조형디자인학회 2005 조형디자인연구 Vol.8 No.1
가구는 인류가 주거생활을 하면서부터 사용되기 시작하였다. 특히 문명이 발달한 옹대지역의 사계절(四季節)은 의상의 보관을 요구하였으며 이러한 요구는 필요에 따라 여러 가지 가구를 만들게 되었고 지역에 따라 그 곳에 맞는 다양한 가구가 발달하게 되었다. 한국의 경우 위와 같은 조건뿐만 아니라 국토의 70%가 산으로 되어 가구를 만들 수 있는 목재를 충분히 얻을 수 있는 여건으로 예부터 가구제조 기술이 발달하였다. 그러나 근래 까지 한국의 생활이 좌식(坐式)양식으로 되어있었지만 현대에 들어오면서 주거의 형태가 변하고 생활도 입식생활로 빠르게 바뀌어 가고 있다. 때문에 우리가 쓰던 가구가 생활하는데 차이가 나므로서 우리의 전통적인 가구형태나 제조과정이 변모를 하여야 할 시점에 도달한 것이다. 이와 같은 현상이 사회의 흐름으로 정착되면서 필요한 가구를 생산하는데 경험이 없는 한국의 가구공업은 외국제품의 모방하여 판매를 함으로써 시행착오를 하고 있으며 이것에 불만이 있는 소비자들은 외국제품을 수입하여 판매하는 것을 구입해서 생활에 사용하는 실정이다. 우리가 가지고 있던 우수한 전통적인 가구제조법은 디자인이나 용도면에서 이와 같은 사회의 흐름에 대처하지 못하고 있으므로 한국 가구시장의 현황을 파악하여 어떠한 면에서 문제점이 있는지를 확인하고 그 문제점을 개선하는데 이 논문의 요점이 있으나 구체적으로 어느 한 부분 즉 원자재나 제조과정 혹은 디자인 면을 개선하는데 중점을 둔 것 이 아니라 이러한 문제점들을 제시하고 개선하며 외국으로의 수출경쟁력을 위하여 필요한 정보자료에 비중을 두었다. 보다 디테일한 문제점에 대한 개선과제는 그 분야마다의 연구가 계속되어야 할 것 이다. Furniture has been used since man lived in houses. Specifically, four seasons in civilized countries with mild climate required storage of clothing and as there have been such needs, people had to make various kinds of fumiture according to different characteri st ics of each region. For Korea, as it was easy to obtain enough wood to make furniture becau se 70% of the territory is made of mountains, technology to make furniture has been developed. However, Korean style of living was based on sitt ing before, but it was changed into stand-up sty le. So, we had to recognize that this is the time to change styles and manufacturing processes of furniture. As such phenomenon has been established as a flow of society. Korean furniture industry that had no experience in production of necessary furniture hod to imitate foreign furniture and had many trials and errors in doing that. Customers had to purchase foreign imported furnitur e though they complained it. Our traditional methods to make furniture did not deal with the flow of changing society in design or utility. Therefore. CUITent status of Korean furniture markets should be identified and in what aspects there are problems should be examined. Finally, this study is to find out the problems to prepare countermeasures, However, it focuses on presentation of necessary information to improve competitive power in export through effective management of problems, rather than raw materials. manufacturing processes or improvement of design. In the future. we need further studies to take care of more specific problems.
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김정필(Kim, Jung-Pil) 한국조형디자인학회 2007 조형디자인연구 Vol.10 No.1
Accessories have been used to ornament human bodies. The time when accessories appeared in the human history differs according to regions, but the oldest traces of ancient accessories are dated back to the Neolithic age. Its history also differs according to periods of the Neolithic age and it is estimated it was one million years ago. At this time, as people made the rock to be used more beautiful rather than grinding it for functional purpose, they began to realize artistic senses. And they began to represent beauty with their bodies. We found naked women drawn on old murals have hats, long necklaces and bracelets made of natural items such as shells, fish bones and leaves. However, ornaments such as teeth or paws might be also used for showing their bravery when men catch fierce beasts in addition to the purpose for beautiful ornamentation of bodies. Or they might be used for shamanistic charms. From the time when a nation was established at B.C. 3000, accessories that have new meaning, were used to symbolize social status. It is understood when we saw pictures where crowns of kings or religious leaders or their rods are drawn. And it was found that women have more colorful ornaments than men. It was assumed that it might be unnecessary for men to have accessories when they hunt or make battles and women have more powerful desires to ornament themselves than men. Accessories have been developed through various changes according to periods, regions or materials. However, this study does not deal with the transitional process of accessories because it is too complicated, but research and development of Korean traditional accessories using lacquer and mother-of-pearl China admired. We have remains of shell, glass or metal accessories, we have not found examples of mother-of-pearl accessories. We only found its traces in dishes, boxes for clothing, some cases and part of architectural decoration. It is assumed that mother-of-pearl was not very popular as a material of accessories and a target of owning as value of shells was not very high, and coloring was not developed. As such reasons disappeared in modern age, it has been used for accessories. However, it can not be produced in mass quantity because of its weak durability and complex producing process and it has a problem in competitive prices. Therefore, this study aims at developing mother-of-pearl products as one popular item of accessories by solving the problem and focusing on its scarcity.
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김정필(Kim, Jung-Pil ) 한국조형디자인학회 2008 조형디자인연구 Vol.11 No.1
From old times, people have used many tools and utensils to make their appearance more favorable, for social activities or to attract the opposite sex. This study seeks to analyse the changes in hair brushes that have been used by people. The lifestyle of modern people has been combined with that of ancient people, which has produced very complicated and diversified styles. So, for living utensils, global features have been commonly reflected without regard to the region of origin or the time period it is from. It is in this historical background that business people have been making every effort to produce living products that fit the wide variety of needs and ensure survival. properly. Therefore, this study speculates the hair brushes which were made by our ancestor were made with a psychological approach in that people are familiar with things they have used for such a long time. It then identifies the different types of hair brushes and ornaments which changed according to lifestyle. As a result, this study finds that products made with polluting by product can also be made from nature-friendly methods and materials. And though hand crafts are more expensive than machine products, they can contribute to a healthier life and integrity. Based on the results, this study will produce a hair brush with a pattern which has inspired people from the past history using natural wood. In addition, this study suggests that in respect to the aspect of business, family handcrafts can be a good business item that can be developed and produced by small-sized business though large-sized business appeared since the industrial revolution and conglomerate management has expanded over every field of living products.
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