식물에 존재하는 페놀산류를 급여한 흰쥐 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도

조영수(Young-Su Cho),김정기(Chung-Kie Kim) 한국식품과학회 1990 한국식품과학회지 Vol.22 No.7

우리나라 재래종(在來種)들깨의 품종육성(品種育成)에 관한 연구(硏究)(2)

손현수 ( Hyun Su Son ),김정기 ( Chung Kie Kim ),안시영 ( See Young An ),정대수 ( Dae Su Jeong ),정해진 ( Hae Jin Jeong ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 1981 石堂論叢 Vol.5 No.-

1979年度 本大學 農科大學에서 들깨의 品種改良 및 育成을 위하여 全國 109個 地域 在來系統 蒐 集種中에서 比較的 優秀한 20個 系統을 選拔하여 1980年度에 계속 사업으로 實施한 本實驗에서 몇가지 結果가 있었기에 이를 報告하는 바이다. 1. 本實驗에서 收量은 大邱種보다 제천-3070-28이 35.9%, 연기-4120-35가 51.5%, 남제주--7010-67이 53.7%, 문경-8090-71이 69.1%, 하동-9220-97이 44.2% 가량의 增收를 하였다. 2. 各 形質間의 相關關係는 收量과 莖直徑, 有效分枝數間에는 正의 相關關係가 認定되었고 1000粒重에 있어서는 花房數 및 油脂含量間에 否의 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 油脂含量에 있어서는 갈색계통인 금능-80 50-69가 49.6%, 제천-3070-28이 47.4%, 성주-8130-72가 47.7%로 높았고 白色系統은 比較的 油脂含量이 낮았다. 4. 多重不飽和 脂肪酸에 있어서도 갈색계통은 53.4%인데 비하여 白色系統은 46% 정도로 낮았다. 5. 들깨 잎에는 칼슘함량에 있어선 연기-2060-17이 284mg/100g으로 가장 높았고 나주-60 80-49가 241.4mg/100g으로 다음 이었다. 그리고 마그네슘은 성주-1830-72가 77.5mg/100g으로 가장 높았고 蛋白質含量은 남해-932 0-102, 금능-8050-69가 5.5g/100g 以上으로 높은 數値를 나타내었다. The experiment was carried out continualy from 1979 for the Perilla, breeding and variety improvement of excellent lines selected from 109 local species, and the results obtained were summarized as fellow: 1. The increasing ratio of yield per 10a were 35.9% in Jecheon-3070-28 lines, 51.5% in Yeongi-8090-71, 53.7% in Namje ju-70l0-67, 69.1% in Mungyeong-8090-71 and 44.2% in Hadong-9220-97 as compared with the yield amount of Daegu. 2. Statistically positive correlation were convinced between yields and plant length, stem diameter, and number of effective valid branches. 3. In percentage of oil composition, Geumnung-8050-69 was 49.6%, Jecheon-3070-28 was 47.4%, Seong ju-8130-72 was 47.7%, and the oil contents of these brown seed coat lines were considered to be comperatively higher than those white seed coat lines. 4. Contents of ploy-unsaturated fatty acid was 53% in brown seed coat lines, on the other hand, that of white seed coat lines was about 43.9%. 5. In calcium contents of perilla leaf, the amounts of 284.7mg in Yanggu-2060-17 was the highest and Na ju-6080-49 (241.4mg) was the next, Seongju-8130-72(77.5mg) was highest in magnesium composition, and the protein content in Namhae-9320-102, and Geumnung-8050-69 were more than 5.5g.

重窒素 ?? 標識 肥料 施用에 따른 水稻의 窒素吸收 (其 4) : 玄米中 蛋白質 含有量分析 Correlations on protein contents in Hulled Grain and % ?? N.D.F.F.

金正基 東亞大學校 1975 東亞論叢 Vol.12 No.2

重窒素(??)를 利用한 窒素質 肥料 施用에 依한 手稻의 中間 落水處理, 窒素의 吸收, 施用(肥料) 窒素와 地中窒素와의 關係 A-value 및 E.R.A. 測定 그리고 玄米의 蛋白質 含量과의 關係를 測定 調査한 結果 얻어진 結論은 다음과 같다. 1) 硫安施用은 尿素施用에 比해 玄米中 蛋白含量을 增加시켰다. 2) 硫安의 追肥施用은 玄米 蛋白量을 增大시키는 傾向이었다. 3) 藁의 蛋白含量이 많을수록 玄米의 蛋白 含量이 增加되었다. 4) 玄米中 施用硫安의 窒素 含有率이 높을수록 玄米 蛋白質含量이 높은 傾向이 보였다. 5) 草長 및 분열에 있어서 各處理間에는 有意的인 差異가 認定되지 안했으나 草長은 落水 處理區에서 後期 生育이 增大된 傾向이 있었고, 분열은 生育 後期에 抑制(無效분얼)된 傾向이 있다. 6) 中間 落水 處理가 大體로 收量 構成要素에서 數値의 增大 傾向을 보였다. 中間 落水 肥料 種類 그리고 品種 등 各要因의 相互作用에서 登熱率 姙實率 그리고 千粒重에서 有意的인 差異를 나타냈다. 7) 全窒素 含量에서 精粗, 玄米, 그리고 藁는 모두 中間 落水 處理 및 肥料에서는 有意差가 認定되니 안했으나 品種에서만은 藁 및 玄米가 有意差를 보였다. 8) 施用肥料(肥料窒素 ??)의 手稻體 含有率은 全窒素와의 對比에서 基肥는 3%∼4% 追肥는 8.5%∼9.5% 程度였고 施用 窒素와 地中窒素와의 對比는 11.5%∼13% 程度였다. 9) 移秧期의 A-value 測定値는 粗穀 藁 모두 幼穗形成期의 그것에 比해서 높았다. 10) 移素期 및 幼穗 形成期에서 硫安의 A-value는 尿素에 比해 粗穀, 藁 모두 컸다. 11) 移秧期의 E.R.A. 測定値는 粗穀 藁 함께 幼穗形成期의 測定値에 比해 작았다. 12) 硫安의 E.R.A. 測定値는 粗穀 藁 모두 尿素에 比해 그 數値의 增大傾向이 나타났다. 13) 移秧時의 施用肥料의 效率이 적을수록 그리고 地中肥料의 量이 클수록 玄米重을 增加시키는 傾向이 보였다. 14) 地中窒素(土壤中 肥料)의 有效量과 土壤 全窒素量(0∼10cm)과의 對比는 粗穀에서 9.9%∼41.8%였고, 藁에서는 6.7%∼35.6%였다. A field experiment using the split-plot design was conducted at two experimental sites, namely; Sioul and Busan, to investigate the effect of water management (mid-term drainage vs. continucus flood), time of fertilizer-N application (at transplanting vs. primordial initiation) and efficiency of fertilizer-N Carrier in paddy rice. In the study two high yielding rice varieties were used: Nongkwang, as a local variety and Bongkwang as an introduced variety. Water management was considered the main plot with the other effects: time of fertilizer-N application and efficiency of fertilizer as sub-plots. To determine the interactions labelled ?? ferilizers: urea and ammonium sulfate were used. The experimental design followed both at Seoul and Busan experiment site was in accordance with the IAEA guidelines. Individual plot size is 4×1.25m and each plot divided into three sub-plots by plastic sheet. Each sub-plot was labelled A,B, and C. Sub-plot A and B were for ?? fertilizer application while sub-plot C for non-labelled nitrogen fertilizer application. The area of sub-plot A is 1×1.25m sub-plot B, 0.75×1.25m; and sub-plot C, 2.25×1.25m. Plant density was 4 plants per hill planted in rows of 25×25cm. The various treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with two water managements as the main plot and the N-fertilization plus varieties as sub-plot. Each treatment replicated four times. Water was maintained continuously on the plot during the whole growing period. When 50% of the plants had reached the primordial initiation stage, nitrogen fertilizer was applied 2 days after the plots were fully drained, and immediately reflooded. Each plot was dizided into sub-plot A, B, and C with the plastic sheet. One sub-plot, either A or B, received ?? labelled fertilizer at transplanting and non-labelled N at primordial initiation. The other sub-plot received non labelled N at transplanting and ?? labelled fertilizer at primordial initiation stage. Sub-plot C received non-labelled fertilizer. The labelled fertilizer N were obtained from JUNTA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR. Urea labelled on both nitrogen atoms was prepared by the reaction of ?? with diphenyl carbonate at high pressure under helium atomosphere. The product was purified by recrystallyzation from ethanol or acetone. Isotopic enrichment was 1.37%. Ammonium sulfate was produced by the reaction of ?? with sulfuric acid. Nursery management was done inaccordance with customary practices followed at each experimental site. Total amount of potassium chloride applied was 8kg/ha, potassium of which half was treated at transplanting time and primordial initiation stage respectively. As basal application 8kg/ha of phosphate was supplied in the form of superphosphate at both sites. A day before transplanting, fertilizers mixed with fine sand at 1 to 1 ratio were broadcast by hand. Watermanagement-water level in each plot was continuously maintained above 5cm from soil surface for the duration of the experiment except for mid-term drainage treatment. For the mid-term drainge treatment, the plots were drained for two days and reflooded immediately after the addition of the fertilizers. Appropriate agro-chemicals consisting of herbicide and insecticde were applied to control weeds and to protect the plants from insects and rice blast disease. Results of the various interactions were evaluated in terms of A-value and ERA. Water management, continuous flooding vs. mid-term drainage have no significant effect on A-value. However, significant differences were observed in time of fertilizer-N application and in fertilizer-N Carrier. On time of fertilizer-N application A-value were increased at transplanting time as compared to that primordial initiation. Results indicate that young rice seedling utilizes more soil nitrogen than at later stages of development. On fertilizer-N Carrier, ammonium sulfate was observed to be a better source of nitrogen than ruea. Significant difference was also observed between the two varieties used in this study. Bongkwang contained higher nitrogen percentage in grain than Nongkwang regardless of experimental sites. When ammonium sulfate was applied, %NDFF was increased regardless of varieties at Seoul site where-in A-value is less that of Busan. As far as timing of application, nitrogen fertilizer applied at primordial initiation was more favorable than at transplanting regardless of varieties and fertilizer-N Carrier and the results abbreviated were as follows: 1. Protein contents in hulled grain were increased by applying ammo-sulfate as compared with urea. 2. Protein contents in hulled grain were increased by top dressing of ammo-sulfate. 3. The more protein in straw, the more protein in hulled grain. 4. Protein amounts in hulled grain were increased in accordance with the nitrogen(??) amounts applied. 5. No obvious difference was appeared between the treatment of mid-term drainage and control in terms of plant height and number of tillers; but the later growth on plant height was accelerated in the plots of mid-term drainage as compared with the plots, control; while the number of tiller per-hill was decreased at the later growing season. 6. Statistically high significance in Nongdwang variety was appeared almost all the items of yield components, interaction among mid-term drainage, fertilizer application and variety was shown in terms of maturing rate, seed-bearing rate and weight of 1,000 kernels. No statistical significance except the length of ears was found in mid-term drainage treatment in each terms of yield components, and the values observed were increased, and the application effect of urea and ammonium sulfate in the factor of fertilizer application was not revealed. 7. Statistically significant difference between the treatments of mid-term drainage and fertilizer applied was not shown on % of total nitrogen of rough grain, hulled grain was revealed in factor of variety. 8. Contents of nitrogen applied in rice plant(nitrogen fertilizer traced with 15N Isototpe) at transplanting was assumed approximately 3∼4% as compared with total nitrogen in rice plant and 10% was contained by top dressing applied at primordial initieation stage 9. At the time of fertilizer-N application, regardless of fertilizer N carrier, A-value at transplanting time was higher than that at primordial initiation. 10. A-value of ammonium sulfate applied at transplanting time, both grain and straw was higher as compared with urea. 11. Nitrogen application at primordial initiation stage significantly increased an effective rate of application (E. R. A) as compared with the stage of transplanting both in grain and straw. 12. E. R. A. measurements in the treatment of ammonium sulfate increased as compared with urea. 13. Increasing trend was appeared in the weights of hulled grain, as the effective rate of application at transplanting is lower, and A-value at that time is bigger. 14. The ratio of A-value to soil total nitrogen ranges from 9.9% to 41.8% in grain and 6.7% to 35.6% in straw.

燐酸質 强化堆肥의 施用方法이 水稻의 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響과 이에 따른 硏究 (基3)

김정기 東亞大學校 1970 東亞論叢 Vol.7 No.-

These studies were carried to clarify the applification effect of high leveled superphosphate fersilizer and the effect to the yield and growth of rice by the application of composts enriched with super phosrphate fertiiizer and the results were as follows; ① In the method of applying superphosphate and composts to rice plant, making compost enriched with superphosphate fertiiizer a few month before the basal application were recommended to increased grain yied and each factor of yield components. ② The interaction of applying composts and superphospate was revealed that applying composts with the P₂O?? was rocommended. ③ Grain yield were higher in the plot of 1000kg of composts enriehed with 7.5kg of P₂O? per 10a, and 1000kg of conposts with 5 kg of P₂O? per 10a, other than the rest of 10 treatments. ④ Applying composts in the test was convinced as effctive results to accelerate the maturing rate. ⑤ Increasing tendency on grain yield was revealed in accordance with the increased concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, by analyzing results of rice plants, ⑥ In the term of culm length and number of till, the better tendency was appeared in the plots of composts enriched with superphosphate fertilizer ⑦ For the effect of top and basal application of compost enriched with superphosphate ferilizer in the term of culm length and the numder of tillers per hill, the growing rate at the end of testing period was convinced to tend upward in the plots enriched with superphosphate fertilizer and basal and top application. ⑧ The effect of the composts enriched with superphosphate fertilizer in the term of grain yield convinced statistically significant and the interaction of B-factor, that is the level of application quantities of superphosphate fertilizer and C-factor, that is the partial application of composts, were also revealed statistically significant.

우리나라 在來種 들깨의 品種育成 및 營養價 診斷에 관한 硏究

金正基,孫賢秀,安始榮,鄭大守 東亞大學校 1979 東亞論叢 Vol.16 No.2

1979年 本大學 農科大學에서 들깨(Perilla)의 品種改良 및 育成을 위하여 ①全國 109個 地域 在來系統 蒐集栽培에 의하여 그 特性을 調査하고 ②施肥水準에 關한 硏究와 ③들깨의 播種時期別 및 栽植距離別試驗 과 ④들깨의 脂肪酸分析 等의 試驗으로 몇가지 結果를 얻었기에 이를 報告하는 바이다. ① 收量構成 要素에서 收量과 稈長, 莖徑, 有效分枝數, 花房數 및 1000粒種에서 正의 相關關係가 認定되었다. ② 1000粒種이 5g以上인 것은 白色種皮가 많았고, 반면 白色種皮는 40%以下의 油脂含有率을 나타내었다. ③ 本 試驗에서 연기, 성주, 남제주 및 문경在來 系統等이 多收成 系統이었고, 강릉, 제천, 논산在來 系統等은 早熱性 系統이었으며, 양주, 나주, 화순在來 系統等은 葉面積이 150㎤以上의 넓은잎 系統이었다. ④ 本들깨 施肥試驗에서 燐酸質肥料는 7㎏/10a 加里質肥料는 3㎏/10a 의 施與가 效果的이었고, 石炭의 施用效果는 別로 나타나지 않았다. ⑤ 들깨 播種期 試驗에서 5月5日과 5月15日區에서 가장 收量이 높았으며 栽植密度는 60㎝×20㎝區가 가장 높은 收量을 나타내었다. ⑥ 蒐集들깨 油脂含有量 調査에서 제천, 진천, 천원, 장성 및 금능在來 系統等은 50%以上의 含油率을 나타내었다. ⑦ 多重不飽和 脂肪酸인 Linolein酸이 많이 含有된 들깨의 系統에는 Linolein酸도 많이 含有됨이 特記할 만하고 ⑧ 上記 多重不飽和 脂肪酸의 系統間 含量比는 飽和脂肪酸의 含量比, 그리고 Olein酸의 含量比와는 逆比例 傾向이었다. This study on breeding and variety improvement of Perilla with 108 Perilla species was carried out to investigate the adequate amount of fertilizer, seeding date and density, and the amount of fatty acid and the results obtained were as follow. 1. In yield component factors, the correlation between grain yields and culm height, stem diameter, number of effective valid branches, number of flower cluster and 1,000 grain weight were revealed positively. 2. 1,000 grain weight more than 5g were mostly by recognized from white colored seed, but the oil content less than 40% were almost from white colored seed. 3. Early growing local species were Kang-Neung, Je-Cheon, Non-San and leaf area more than 150㎤, and that, wide leaf area species were Yang-Ku, Na-Ju, Hwa-Soon. 4. 7Kg of P₂O? fertilization per 10a and 3kg of K₂O fertilization per 10a were effective, no effective fertilization was recognized in lime application. 5. The highest yields were obtained at the planting time of May 5th and May 20th and adequate planting density was recommended at 60㎝ ×20㎝ in order to increase the yields. 6. More than 50% of oil content were extracted from Je-Cheon, Jin-Cheon, Chun-Won, Jang-Seong and Geon-Neon. 7. Perilla, containing lots of ploy-unsaturated fatty acid, that is, linoleic acid, was also recognized as higher linolinic acid resources. 8. The more the poly-unsaturated fatty acid contained in Perilla the less the fatty acid, and olenic acid contained.

山地 土壞에서 加里施用 方法이 大豆 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響

鄭大守,金正基 東亞大學校 1972 東亞論叢 Vol.9 No.-

表土가 얇고 礫이 豊富한 山地土壤에서 施行한 大豆栽培 試驗을 堆肥施用. 加里質 肥料施用量, 그리고 加里質 肥料基追肥 分施 等을 相關的으로 檢討한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. (1) 堆肥施用이 本 山地土壤試驗에서 大豆栽培에 別影響을 주지 못했다. (2) 加里質 肥料의 增量施用은 分技數增大에 有意的인 結果를 주었다. (3) 加里質 肥料의 分施는 葉數 및 莖重 增大에 有意的인 結果를 가져왔다. (4) 加里質 肥料의 施用量 및 分施 效果는 莖重 및 大豆 收量에서 有意的인 結果를 나타냈다. (5) 堆肥施用 加里質 肥料의 施用量 및 分施 等 第 3次 交互作用에서는 莖數(分技數)에서 有意性이 認定되었다. (6) 大豆 收量은 加里質 肥料 不施用區에 比해 他處理는 모두 有意差를 나타냈다. (7) 大豆 收量 增收 要因은 葉數, 分技數, 莖重, 莢數, 莢重, 根重 等이었다. In order to study the effect of potash application on Soybean ??tivation, at Hill-side soil, poor with surface rayer, and rich in gravel, a factorial experiment was carried out at two levels of compost application, amounts of potash application, and spilt application of potash by soybean variety "Chang-dan-back-mok"; and the results were as follows. 1)No effect of compost application was found on each items of Soybean observed. 2) Statistical significance was revealed on the item of stem number by 50% increased amounts of potash application. 3) The split application of potash was significant to increase the number of leaf and weight of stem. 4. Soybean yields and weight of stem was also significant by interaction between the amount of potash and the spilt application of potash. 5. Significant effect was also appeared by interaction among the compost, amounts of potash and spilt application in terms of the number of branch stem. 6) Each treatment applied with potash was significant as compared with control not applied with potash in the terms of soybean yields. 7. The increasing factors on soybean yields were the number of leaf, number of branch, weight of stem, number of shell, weight of shell, and weight of root.

Polyethyleneglycol을 이용한 Immunoglobulin 정량법

房極勝,崔震浹,金正基 東亞大學校 大學院 1984 大學院論文集 Vol.8 No.2

A single and rapid method for quantative determination of immunoglobulin in serum is described. The method uses polyethyleneglycol which causes precipitation of immunoglobulin and investigation into electrophorectic pattern of serum by polyethyleneglycol and correlation between total protein concentration and immunoglobulin concentration have been performed. The polyethyleneglycol precipitation test described provides a rapid, accurate and precise way to measure immunoglobulin.

同位元素 ?? 肥科施用에 따른 水稻의 窒素吸收에 關한 硏究 (其5) : (綜合編)

金正基 東亞大學校 1976 東亞論叢 Vol.13 No.1

重窒素(N-15)를 利用한 窒素質 肥料 施用에 依한 水稻의 中間 落水處理 窒素의 吸收, 施用(肥料)窒素와 地中窒素와의 關係, A-Value 및 E. R. A 測定 그리고 玄米의 蛋白質 含量과의 關係를 測定調査한 結果 얻어진 結論은 다음과 같다. 1. 硫安施用은 尿素施用에 比해 玄米中 蛋白含量을 增加시켰다. 2. 硫安의 追肥施用은 玄米 蛋白量을 增大시키는 傾向이었다. 3. 藁의 蛋白質量이 많을수록 玄米의 蛋白含量이 增加되었다. 4. 玄米中 施用硫安의 窒素含有率이 높을수록 玄米 蛋白質含量이 높은 傾向이 보였다. 5. 草長 및 分蘗에 있어서 各處理間에는 有意的인 差異가 認定되지 안했으나 草長은 落水處理區에서 後期 生育이 增大된 傾向이 있었고, 분열은 生育 後期에 抑制(無效分蘗)된 傾向이 있었다. 6. 中間 落水 處理가 大體로 收量 構成要素에서 數値의 增大 傾向을 보였고 中間 落水, 肥料種類 그리고 品種 등 各要因의 交互作用에서 登熟率, 姙實率 그리고 千粒重에서 有意的인 差異를 나타냈다. 7. 全窒素 含量에서 精粗, 玄米, 그리고 藁는 모두 中間 落水 處理 및 肥料에서는 有意差가 認定되지 안했으나 品種에서만은 藁 및 玄米가 有意差를 보였다. 8. 施用肥料(肥料窒素??)의 水稻體 含有率은 全窒素와의 對比에서 基肥는 3%~4%追肥는 8.5%~9.5% 程度였고 施用 窒素와 地中 窒素와의 對比는 11.5%~13% 程度였다. 9. 移秧期의 A-Value 測定値는 粗穀, 藁 모두 幼穗形成期의 그것에 比해서 높았다. 10. 移秧期 및 幼穗形成期에서 硫安이 A-Value는 尿素에 比해 粗穀, 藁 모두 컸다. 11. 移秧期의 E.R.A. 測定値는 粗穀, 藁 함께 幼穗形成期의 測定値에 比해 작았다. 12. 硫安의 E.R.A. 測定値는 粗穀, 藁 모두 尿素에 比해 그 數値의 增大傾向이 나타났다. 13. 移秧時의 施用肥料의 效率이 적을수록 그리고 地中肥料의 量이 클수록 玄米量을 增加시키는 傾向이 보였다. 14. 地中窒素(土壤中 肥料)의 有效量과 土壤 全窒素量(0~10㎝)과의 對比는 粗穀에서 9.9%~41.8%였고, 藁에서는 6.7%~35.6% 였다. A field experiment using the split-plot design was conducted at two experimental sites, namely; Seoul and Pusan, to investigate the effect of water management (mid-term drainage vs. continuous flood), time of fertilizer-N application (at transplanting vs. primodial initiation) and efficiency of fertilizer-N carrier in paddy rice. In the study two high yielding rice varieties were used: Nongkwang, as a local variety and Bongkwang as an introduced variety. Water management was considered the main plot with the other effects:time of fertilizer-N application and efficiency of fertilizer as sub-plots. To determine the interactions labelled N-15 fertilizers: urea and ammonium sulfate were used. The experimental design followed both a Seoul and Pusan experiment sites was in accordance with IAEA guidelines. Individual Plot size is 4×1.25m and each plot divided into thrce sub-plots by plastic sheet. Each sub-plot was labelled A, B, and C. Sub-plot A and B were for N-15 fertilizer application while sub-plot C for non-labelled nitrogen fertilizer application. The area of sub-plot A is 1×1.25m sub-plot B, 0.75×1.25m; and subplot C, 2.25×1.25m. Plant density was 4 plants per hill planted in rows of 25×25㎝. The various treatment were arranged in a split-plot design with two water managements as the main plot and the N-fertilization plus varieties as subplot. Each treatment replicated four times. Water was maintained continuously on the plot during the whole growing period. When 50% of the plants had reached the primordial initiation stage nitrogen fertilizer was applied 2 days after the plots were fully drained, and immediately reflooded. Each plot was divided into sub-plot A, B, and C with the plastic sheet. One sub-plot, either A or B, received N-15 labelled fertilizer at transplanting and non-labelled N at primordial initiation. The other sub-plot received non labelled N at transplanting and N-15 labelled fertilizer at primordial initiation stage. Sub-plot C received non labelled fertilizer. The labelled fertilizer-N were obtained from JUNTA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR. Urea labelled on both nitrogen atome was prepared by the reaction of ?? with diphenyl carbonate at high pressure under helium atmosphere. The product was purified by recrystallyzation from ethanol or acetone. Isotopic enrichment was 1.37%. Ammonium sulfate was producted by the reaction of ?? with sulfuric acid. Nursery management was done in accordance with customary practices followed at each experimental site. Total amount of potassium chloride applied was 8㎏/ha, potassium of which half was treated at transplanting time and primordial initiation stage respectively. As basal application 8㎏/ha of phosphate was supplied in the form of super-phosphate at both sites. A day before transplanting, fertilizers mixed with fine sand at 1 to 1 ratio were broadcast by hand. Watermanagement-Water level in each plot was continuously maintained above 5cm from soil surface for the duration of the experiment except for mid-term drained treatment. For the mid-term drainage treatment, the plots were drained for two days and reflooded immediately after the addition of the fertilizers. Appropriate agro-chemicals consisting of weedicide and insecticide were applied to control weeds and to protect the plants from insects and rice blast disease. Resulted of the various interactions were evaluated in terms of A-value and ERA. Water management, continuous flooding vs. mid-term drainage have no significant effect on A-value. However, significant differences were observed in time of fertilizer-N application and in fertilizer-N carrier. On time of fertilizer-N application A-value were increased at transplanting time as compared to that at primordial initiation. Results indicate that young rice seedling utilizes more soil nitrogen than at later states of development. On fertilizer-N carrier, ammonium sulfate was observed to be a better source of nitrogen than urea. Significant varietal difference was also observed between the two varieties used in this study. Bongkwang contained higher nitrogen percentage in grain than Nongkwang regardless of experimental sites. When ammonium sulfate was applied, % NDFF was increased regardless of varieties at Seoul site where-in A-value is less than that of Pusan. As far as timing of application, nitrogen fertilizer applied at primordial initiation was more favorable than at transplanting regardless of varieties and fertilizer-N carrier, and the results abbreviated were as follows; 1. Protein contents in hulled grain were increased by applying ammo-sulfate as compared with urea. 2. Protein contents in hulled grain were increased by top dressing of ammosulfate. 3. The more protein in straw, the more protein in hulled grain. 4. Protein amounts in hulled grain were increased in accordance with the nitrogen (??) amounts applied. 5. No obvious difference was appeared between the treatment of mid-term drainage and control in terms of plant height and number of tillers; but the later growth on plant height was accerelated in the plots of mid-term drainage as compared with the plots, control; while the number of tiller per-hill was decreased at the later growing season. 6. Statistically high significance in Nongkwang variety was appeared almost all the items of yield components, interaction among mid-term drainage fertilizer application and variety was shown in terms of maturing rate, seed-bearing rate and weight of 1,000 kernels. No statistical significance expect the length of ears was found in mid-term drainage treatment in each terms of yield components, and the values observed were increased, and the application effect of urea and Ammonium sulfate in the factor of fertilizer application was not revealed. 7. Statistically significant difference between the treatments of mid-term drainage and fertilizer applied was not shown in % of total nitrogen of rough grain, hulled grain was revealed in factor of variety. 8. Contents of nitrogen applied in rice plant (nitrogen fertilizer traced with ?? Isotope) at transplanting was assumed approximately 3-4% as compared with nitrogen, and 10% was contained by top dressing applied at primordial stage. 9. At the time of fertilizer-N application, regardless of Fertilizer-N carrier, A-value at transplanting time was higher than that at primordial initiation. 10. A-value of ammonium sulfate applied at transplanting time, both grain and straw was higher as compared with urea. 11. Nitrogen application at primordial initiation stage significantly increased an effective rate of application (E.R.A) as compared with the stage of transplanting both in grain and straw. 12. E.R.A. measurement in the treatment of ammonium sulfate increased as compared with urea. 13. Increasing trend appeared in the weights of hulled grain, as the effective rate of application is lower, and A-value is bigger. 14. The ratio of A-value to soil total nitrogen ranges from 9.9% to 41.8% in grain and 6.7% to 35.6% in straw.

선진국의 개발이론에 관한 비판적 접근

김정기 總神大學校 1997 總神大論叢 Vol.16 No.-

堆肥와 石灰의 施用方法이 水稻의 收量形質 및 主要成分 含量에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

金正基 東亞大學校 1969 東亞論叢 Vol.6 No.-

이 試驗은 砂壤土 畓에서 堆肥와 消石灰의 單用 및 倂用의 效果 그리고 倂用時에 있어서 堆肥와 消石灰를 施用前 1個月間 混積해 두었다가 施用할 것과 施用 當日에 倂用한 것의 差異를 밝히고자 農林6號를 供試하여 11個 處理區를 두어 그의 收量構成 諸形質에 대하여 調査하는 한편 出穗期의 植物體를 化學分析하여 主要成分을 枰量함으로서 各 處理의 影響과 그들 間의 相關을 살펴 보았는데 그 結果는 다음과 같다. (1) 堆肥및 石灰의 單用은 無處理區에 比하여 稈長, 穗長, 穗數, 一穗平均穎花數는 收量의 增大方向으로 影響을 미쳤으나 登熱率과 千粒重, 有效莖 比率은 그와는 反對方向으로 作用되었으며 收量은 前者가 높았고 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用은 有效莖 比率을 除外한 모든 形質에 있어서 增大의 方向으로 影響을 주었다. (2) 石灰의 施用量은 單用의 경우에는 穗數와 一穗穎花를 增大시키는 反面에 登熱率과 千粒重은 多少 低下되는 傾向을 보이나 收量은 無處理區에 比하여 높았다. (3) 堆肥와의 倂用의 경우에는 穗數와 一穗穎花數를 顯著히 增大하며 登熱率도 높았으며 千粒重에는 差異를 보이지 않았어도 收量은 크게 增大하였다. 堆肥와 石灰를 倂用하는 경우에 그들을 處理하는 方法의 差異는 水稻의 收量, 構成 形質에 差異를 나타내는 傾向을 보였다. (4) 植物體의 窒素, 燐酸, 石灰 및 硅酸의 含量은 石灰의 單用으로서도 모두 높았으며 加里, 含量은 오히려 낮아졌고 이것은 石灰의 處理量이 많을수록 더 떨어졌으며 堆肥單用은 無處理에 比하여 各 成分 모두 높아졌고 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用의 경우에는 無 處理區에 對해서는 勿論 堆肥및 石灰의 各 單用區에 比해서도 各 成分 모두 그 含量이 높아졌다. 그리고 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用에 있어서 그들의 處理方法에 의한 植物體 主要 成分의 含量에는 差異가 認定되지 않았다. (5) 單位面積當 植物體의 各 成分의 總量(乾物重×含量%)은 各 成分의 含量과 一致하는 結果를 보였다. (6) 收量構成要素와 出穗期의 植物體 窒酸, 加里, 石灰 및 硅酸의 各 含量 및 單位面積當의 總量과의 相關關係는 다음과 같다. 1) 1穗 平均 穎花數와 各成分의 含量과의 相關係數는 모두 Υ=0.777以上으로서 全部 高度의 有意 相關을 보이며 特히 窒素는 Υ=0.938로서 가장 높은 相關을 보였다. 그리고 各 成分의 總量과의 相關 역시 Υ=0.802 以上으로 前者의 경우와 一致하는 傾向을 보였다. 2) 登熱率과 各成分의 含量과의 相關은 加里만은 高度의 有意 相關을 보이고 窒素, 燐酸, 石灰 및 硅酸은 普通으로 보였다. 그리고 各 成分의 總量에 있어서는 加里는 高度의 有意 相關을 보였으며 石灰 및 硅酸은 相關이 認定되지 않았다. 3) 精租千粒重과 各成分의 含量 및 總量과의 사이에는 有意 相關을 보이지 않았다. 4) 精租數量과 各成分의 含量間에는 모두 Υ=0.759 以上 그리고 各 成分의 總量間에는 Υ=0.770以上으로 모두 高度의 有意 相關을 보였다. (7) 植物體의 主要 含有成分의 含量에 대한 窒素, 燐酸 및 加里에 대한 相互比는 다음과 같다. 1)窒素에 대한 比 즉 ??, K₂O/N, CaO/N, SiO₂/N는 無處理에 比하여 石灰 및 堆肥의 各 單用 그리고 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用으로 모두 높아지는 傾向을 보였으며 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用에 있어서 그들의 處理方法間에도 多少 그 傾向이 보였다. 2) 燐酸에 대한 比 즉 ??, ??, ??및 ??는 無處理에 比하여 石灰 및 堆肥의 各 單用 그리고 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用으로 모두 낮아지는 結果를 보였으며 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用에 있어서의 그들 處理方法間에는 差異가 거의 없었다. 3) 加里에 대한 比 즉 N/K₂O, ??, CaO/K₂O및 SiO₂/K₂O는 無處理에 比하여 石灰 및 堆肥의 各單用은 勿論 堆肥의 石灰의 倂用으로 모두 높아졌는데 堆肥와 石灰의 倂用에 있어서 그들의 處理方法間에는 別 差異가 없었다. These Experiments were conducted to study the effect of single and combined application of composts and slaked lime in a sandy loam paddy field. In the latter experiment the combination of both materials were performed two ways, mixing together for two months prior to the placement and using together just at the time of application respectively. A variety of rice, "Nongrim#6" was enployed as the subject crop. The yield components were examined on the 11 tretments, as well as the effect of each treatment and the relationship among them in determining main components of the plants sampled on heading date. The results were as follows; 1. The single application of composts and lime, as compared with that without composts and lime, showed the increasing tendency in terms of culm and ear length, and the number of panicles and average spikelets per ear were decreased. The former had higher yield. In most yield components except the ratio of efficient ear, both applications of composts and lime gave the increasing yield. 2. The increasing amount of lime in the case of single use, increased the number of ear and spikelets per ear; while mautring fate and 1,000 grain weight tended to decrease slightly but yields were higher than the plat, control. 3. In the case of lime application with composts, were remarkably increased both the number of ear and spikelets per ear maturing ration, but the difference in 1,000 grain weight was not showed, The yields were highly increased, In applying both composts and lime, the methodic difference showed a slight variation in yield components of rice. 4. Even a single application of lime made increment in the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, lime and silica, of plants, on the contrary the content of potassium was decreased rather rhan increasing. In this experiment the more lime was used, the lower was the content of potassium, The single application of composts brought a higher content of each element as compared with the case without compost, and the combined application of composts and lime increased contents of all the elements not only in the plot, control, but in the plots singly applied with composts or lime, When both composts and lime were placed, the content of each component in plants did not show difference in accordance with the treatments. 5. The amount[Dry matter weight x density(%)] of each component of the plant per unit area showed the result of identical tendency to the content of the content of the plant. 6. The relationship of yield components contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime and silica of plants on heading date, and the amount per unit area are as follows: (1) correlation of the number of average spiklelets per ear and the content of each element is over Υ=0.777, and all showed highly significant correlation: particulray the nitrogen content showed the highest correlation as of Υ=0.938. The correlation of the total amount of each component also as of Υ=0.802 showed the identical tendency to the nitrogen content in plants. (2) In the relationship between maturing rate and each component, potassum was the only one displaying the highest degree of significant correlation, On the other hand nitrogen, phosphorus, lime and silica showed an average degree of correlation In the amount of each component per unit area potassium showed highly significant correlation, and nitrogen and phosphorus showed an average one. Lime and silica did not yield the statstical significance. (3) Among 1,000 grain weight and content of each component aed the total amount per unit area was not showed any significant correlation. (4) The correlation between grain yield and the content of each component was over Υ=0.759, and that among the total amouts of the compontents was more than Υ=0.770, All of them showed statistically the highly significant correlation. 7. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiun to the content of main components of plants were as follows; (1) The ratio of mitrogen to other components namely ??, K₂O/N, CaO/N, SiO₂/N in compariison with the control, shoed showed an inreasing trend both in the single and combined application of lime and composts, and the varied treatments of combined application also showed the similar tendency. (2) The ratio of phosphorus to other components, ??, ??, ?? and ?? showed decreasing tendency in both the single and combined applications of lime and composts, The treating methods of combined application rarely showed the difference. (3) The ratio of potassium to other components N/K₂o, ??, CaO/K₂O and SiO₂/K₂O whether in the single or combined application of composts and lime was increased, However, there was no significant difference among the treatments.