김종삼 시에 나타난 존재인식의 시적 효과 연구

김인옥 ( Kim In-ok ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2018 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.59

김종삼은 1950년대의 전통주의와 모더니즘, 1960년대의 순수시와 참여시로 양분된 시단의 경향으로부터 일정한 거리를 지키며 김종삼만의 독특한 시세계를 구축하였다. 30여 년의 시력에도 불구하고 김종삼의 내면 인식과 그 시세계는 큰 변화를 찾기 어렵다. 따라서 김종삼 시 전반에 나타난 시인의 존재인식을 파악하는 일은 김종삼 시세계를 밝히는 일이 된다. 이에 본고에서는 김종삼 시에 나타난 존재인식의 시적 효과를 두 가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 먼저, 시적 표현 방식의 양상을 기존의 은유와는 달리 의미 변용된 표현으로서의 묘사적 효과를 분석한 뒤, 반복적 구조 변주와 환언을 통한 서술적 효과를 분석하여 그에 따른 시적 효과를 파악하였다. 김종삼에게 있어 존재론적 은유의 사용은 창작에 구체성을 부여하여 관념적인 내면의 대상을 삶 속으로 끌어들여 새로운 의미를 만들어 내는 창조적 글쓰기로 실현되었다. 자신의 개인적 경험인 과거 회상을 이야기로 풀어내는 김종삼 시의 서술적 성향은 하나의 구조로 반복되거나 환언되고 있다. 이는 문장의 리듬감을 살려 음악성을 강화하고 시의 표층적 도상성을 부여하여 회화성을 드러내며, 의도적으로 반복되는 어휘는 정보성을 높여 시인의 내면을 객관적으로 표면화하여 시적 메시지를 강조하는 동시에 시인의 존재인식을 확고하게 드높이는 효과를 자아낸다. 김종삼 시에 나타난 존재론적 은유를 살피는 일은 시적 비유의 기능과 문학적 역할을 파악하고 텍스트 전체의 유기성을 살피는 일이 되었다. 나아가 내적 의미를 독자적 표현을 통해 표면화 해낸 기법상의 특성 분석을 통해 김종삼만의 실험적 시세계를 확인할 수 있었다. Kim Jong-sam implemented the poetic world peculiar to Kim Jong-sam while keeping a certain distance from the tendency of poetical circles with a division into two of traditionalism and modernism in the 1950s and of pure poetry and participation poetry in the 1960s. Despite the poetic history for about 30 years, a big change is difficult to be found in Ki m Jong-sam's internal awareness and poetic world. Accordingly, graspin g the poet's existence cognition, which appeared in Kim Jong-sam'swh ole poetry, comes to be what clarifies Kim Jong-sam's poetic world. Hence, this study examined a poetic effect of existence cognition, which was indicated in Kim Jong-sam's poetry, in two aspects. First of all, the aspect of a poetic expression method was understood a poetic effect according to it after analyzing a depictive effect as the expression with the meaning alteration unlike the existing metaphor, and then analyzing a descriptive effect through the repetitive structural variation and paraphrase. As for Kim Jong-sam, the use of ontological metaphor was realize d as the creative writing, which makes a new meaning through giving concreteness to creation and then drawing the ideological inner object into life. The descriptive tendency in Kim Jong-sam's poetry, which talks about retrospection as own individual experience, in addition to short poetry, is being recurred or paraphrased as one structure. In terms of this, reviving a rhythmic sense of a sentence leads to strengthening musicality. Assigning outer iconicity leads to revealing pictoriality. The recurred vocabulary increases information, leads to emphasizing a poetic message through objectively externalizing a poet's inner side, and simultaneously evokes an impact of firmly raising the poet's existence cognition. Figuring out ontological metaphor, which was shown in Kim Jong-sa m's poetry, came to be what grasps a function and a literary role in po etic simile and what figures out the organic in the whole text. Moreover, Kim Jong-sam's unique experimental poetic world could be confirmed through analyzing a characteristic in light of technique, which externaliz ed the inner meaning through an independent representation.

탄생 100주년 월북문인 집중 조명 해방 전후 이찬 시의 특성 연구

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2010 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.32

Lee Chan is a poet who reveals various aspects of his contemporary Korean poetry literature, and his changing name implies that his poetry went through ongoing variations like a stream of modern Korean history. In the period of Japanese imperialism, he acted as poet in his personal name comprising Chinese characters (‘李燦’), but was compelled to adopt a Japanese name called ‘Aoba Gaori (靑葉薰)’ when publishing his drama in 1940, and acted in a Korean name called ‘Lee Chan’ as revolutionary poet from the migration to North Korea in 1945 till the end of his life in 1974. In succession to a tradition of the Korea Artista Proleta Federatio (KAPF), the literature world of Lee Chan takes an indispensable part of North Korea`s history before the rise of discourses about independent art and literature of Korea. This paper focused upon the poetic world of Lee Chan who sought to embody his ideological progress in step with historical flow, so that it could investigate various aspects of Korean poetry literature before and after the 1945 Liberation of Korea. In addition, this study could discuss potential effects of Lee`s ideological conversion and pro-Japanese activities on his poetry, and address his poetry to identify any historical aspects of his poetry literature before and after the 1945 Liberation of Korea. Lee Chan, a modern Korean poet who appeared in the late 1920`s and dedicated himself positively to literary creation activities, is now highly evaluated in the history of North Korean literature. Despite ideal tendency and failure to reveal any concrete minds of reality, the proletarian poems of Lee Chan (‘李燦’) who demonstrated proactive and positive determination to find something meaningful for his fatherland were consistent with a mainstream of his contemporary nationalist campaigns. He intensively revealed his critical minds about social class and national liberation along with so-called `Proletarian Literature Group` poets who acted from late 1920`s to 1930`s. He went through a series of ideological careers such as `nationalistic leftist ideology`, `pessimistic sentimentalism`, `evasive romanticism` and `modernistic orientation` before `abruptly converting to pro-Japanese literature.` However, he `re-joined leftist literature group immediately after the national liberation`, which demonstrated his ideological progress again. As Lee Chan was named variously in his lifetime, his poetry was vulnerable as a scapegoat to colonial history. Targets of his poetry were also expressed as changed beings in a good step with his own circumstances or psychological situations. Particularly, Lee Chan created a fictional lady in his poetry, calling lamentably her (as a target of yearning and sadness). And this sentiment was immediately refined and cleansed into an attachment. Despite long ways of wandering, Lee Chan`s poetic spirit ended up with finding a final destination in `northern region` as his hometown. As for Lee, `the Spring of Northern Region` meant `the very woman` he called lamentably, `a Utopian world` he determined to find out in his young days, and `the lost flower garden` of Korean nation. Thus, we can discuss and find out various aspects of modern Korean poetry literature in the name of `Lee Chan` before and after the 1945 Liberation of Korea.

서로 다른 쓰기 전 활동이 초등 6학년 학생들의 영어 쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향

김인옥(Kim In Ok),김상기(Kim Sang gi) 한국초등영어교육학회 2017 초등영어교육 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of pre-writing activities on 6th grade students’ English writing competence. Three classes(A, B, C) with 24-25 students participated in experimental free writing instructions which included different pre-writing activities for 12 weeks. Before the students wrote on a given topic Class A did group discussion and brainstorming, Class B completed a graphic organizer individually and Class C started writing without any pre-writing activity. The students’ writing data were collected from pre- and post-writing tests and three free writing tasks completed during the study. The data were analyzed both in quantitative and qualitative ways. The ANOVA results indicated that different types of pre-writing activities did not bring significant differences in the rate of writing improvement. However, doing some type of pre-writing activity caused significant differences when compared with doing no pre-writing activity. In the qualitative analysis students who went through pre-writing stages showed greater improvement in content and organization of the text. The results imply that doing pre-writing activities can help students improve their free writing abilities in various aspects.

콜라젠 미립담체를 이용한 지방줄기세포의 3차원 배양과 분화

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ),박혜진 ( Hye Jin Park ),신유나 ( Yu Na Shin ),김미형 ( Mi Huyng Kim ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.4

Autologous fat transplantation for soft tissue augmentation has become a popular since its introduction in the late of 1800s. However, there are some limitations including unpredictable and continuos resorption after fat transplantation. Adipose derived stem cells(ASCs) are a promising cell source for adipose tissue engineering due to their plasticity and multilineage potential in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we demonstrated that adipogenic differentiation of ASCs before transplantation could successfully enhance adipose tissue regeneration. Further, clinical trial showed effectiveness of autologous differentiated adipocytes therapy for treatment of soft tissue defects. Recent advances in tissue engineering have demonstrated the feasibility of using scaffold to overcome limitations of conventional 2-dimensional(2-D) culture system and to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Scaffold for adipose tissue engineering should be injectable and biodegradable as a cell delivery vehicle as well as provide a favorable surface for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we used collagen-based microbeads to assess the ability of human ASCs to proliferate and differentiate into adipocytes on microbeads. Human ASCs were seeded onto microbeads and differentiated with adipogenic condition. Cell growth, differentiation, function and in vivo adipose tissue formation were evaluated by fluorescence image analysis, Oil red O and Nile red staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. ASCs attached and proliferated well on the microbeads and the number of cells increased more than 7 times for 8 days of culture. Cells grown on microbeads were differentiated into adipocytes with higher efficiency than 2-D culture system based on differentiation rate and leptin secretion. When adipocytes differentiated on microbeads were injected into nude mouse subcutaneously microbeads were degraded over time and adipocytes formed new adipose tissue. This study suggests that adipocytes cultivated on appropriate scaffold may have significant utility in the adipose tissue engineering.

유아의 기질과 가정의 음악적 환경이 유아의 음악적 성향에 미치는 영향

김인옥 ( Kim In Ok ) 아시아문화학술원 2016 인문사회 21 Vol.7 No.5

본 연구는 유아의 기질과 가정의 음악적 환경이 유아의 음악적 성향에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 만 5세 이상의 유아 245명을 대상으로, 천희영(1993)이 개발한 기질검사, 고재심(2009)과 정희경(2009)이 수정·보완한 부모의 음악활동 환경검사, 방은영(2008)이 개발한 유아 음악적 성향 검사를 측정도구로 활용해 조사하였으며, 상관분석과 중다회귀분석을 통해 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 주요결론은 다음과 같다. 전반적으로, 유아의 음악적 성향은 기질이 미치는 영향이 가정의 음악적 환경에 미치는 영향보다 더 크다. 음악적 성향의 하위요인 별로 보면, 음악적 흥미, 음악적 유능, 음악적 의지 등은 기질이 음악적 환경보다 더 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 음악적 가치는 가정의 음악적 환경이 기질보다 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 음악적 유능과 음악적 의지는 유아의 기질만이 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더 나아가, 본 연구는 유아의 음악적 성향의 형성을 위해 기질과 가정의 음악환경 이외에 음악교육의 중요성을 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of temperament and musical environment at home on music aptitude of young children. The Temperament Inventory developed by Cheon(1993); the Musical Activity Environment Test for Parents excerpted from the tools modified by Koh(2009) and Jeong(2009); and the Music Aptitude Test for Young Children developed by Bang(2008) were used as measurement tools for 245 young children attending kindergartens, above 5 years old. The data were processed based on the correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis according to the research problems. The results are as follows. Overall, the influence of temperament is higher than that of musical environment on musical aptitude of young children. Among sub-variables of music aptitude, musical interest, musical ability, and musical commitment were affected more by temperament of young children than musical environment at home. However, musical environment had higher influence on musical value than temperament had. In addition, it is found that only temperament of young children had correlation to musical talent and commitment. Furthermore, this study proposed the importance of music education, in addition to temperament and environment at home to build the music aptitude of young children.

영어 모의수업 동영상 분석을 통한 초등예비교사의 수업역량 강화 방안 탐색

김인옥(Kim, In-Ok),서귀원(Seo, Gui Won) 한국초등영어교육학회 2021 초등영어교육 Vol.27 No.3

This study intended to explore the ways to enhance pre-service elementary school teachers’ English teaching competence based on the analysis of their micro-teaching videos. For this purpose, 20 micro-teaching videos were analyzed using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. The criteria include six categories: teaching and learning activity, organization of student participants, use of language skills, use of non-verbal factors, video screen display and use of materials. The results of the micro-teaching video analysis revealed some meaningful implications for pre-service teacher education: expanding the use of referential questions in teacher talk, more use of interactive whole class work and individual work, inflating learning activities in a way to integrate language skills, enhancing the use of nonverbal factors, facilitating pre-service teachers’awareness of the effects of screen display and augmenting the use of English textbook. Of the implications, enhancing the use of nonverbal factors and facilitating pre-service teachers‘ awareness of the effects of screen display are timely, considering that English classes are being carried out both on- and offlines. The findings of the study will help pre-service teachers be prepared when blended-learning is becoming a new norm of school education. Limitations of the current study and recommendations for follow-up studies are also discussed based on the results.

초등학교 아동들의 학년별/지역별 영어 학습 동기 분석

김인옥(Kim, In-Ok) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2009 영어교육연구 Vol.21 No.2

This study intended to investigate primary school students’ English learning motivation and its predictors in regard to their grade levels and the regions where they live. The research drew upon the constructs of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic components) in order to examine students’ motivational intensity and its predicting factors and to test whether or not the results are different by grades and regions. For these purposes, students (N=874) from grade 3 to 6 were surveyed on English learning motivation. These students were from four different primary schools in three separate regions (a large city, a medium city, and a small town). Data collected were subject to chi-square test and multiple regression analyses. In the results, lower grade students revealed greater motivational intensity than that of upper grade students in all three regions. In the regression analysis, intrinsic components such as interest in English and self-confidence were generally found to be more powerful influences on motivational intensity than external components in every region and grade. However, upper grade students and students in a larger city were found to be more sensitive to extrinsic components such as integration, goal achievement, and instrumental orientation. In the answers to an open-ended question, the response “English is getting harder year by year” was found to be the most demotivating factor for English studying. Teaching implications were discussed based on the findings.

김구용 시에 나타난 생명에 관한 상상력

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2016 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.49

김구용의 시에는 시인이 일관되게 추구하는 시창작에 대한 이상적자아와 이상적 현실에 대한 지향점이 드러난다. 시인은 문학관에 적합한 현실인식의 반영을 위하여 관념적 이데올로기를 극복하는 방법으로 순수자아에 대한 동경을 시적 실험을 통해 휴머니티로 여과시키고자 했기 때문이다. 김구용은 서정적 정형성에서 출발하여 산문시로 이행하면서 점차 현실과 관련된 비극적 인식을 심화하여 다양한 층위의 언어로 재생산해내었다. 특히『시(詩)』에서는 해방이후 과도기적 불가해한 현실을 살아가는 시인의 고뇌가 어둠을 바탕에 둔 비극적 정서로 구체화 되고 있다. 시적 인식은 사회의 혼란상과 함께 실존 및 기아의 문제 등 정신적공복감에 치중되어 있으며, 이때 물신과 정신은 이원화되어 극명하게 대비된다. 비극적 현실에서 이상적 현실에 도달하고픈 시인의 욕망은 무기력한 현재적 자아와 동경의 자아로 분리되는 시적 화자의 변용 등 낯선 방식으로 독자에게 전달된다. 이는 재생과 초월이라는 생명에 관한 상상력을 통해 역사적 현실체험 끝에 이상적 자아와 세계가 통합하기를 강하게 드러내는 시인의 발로인 것이다. In Kim Gu-yong``s poetry, an orientation is revealed on the ideal ego and the perfect reality for the poetry composition that is pursued consistently by a poet. That is because the poet aimed to filter a yearning for the pure self as humanity through poetic experiment using a method of overcoming the abstract ideology in order to reflect the recognition of reality that is proper for a view of literature. Kim Gu-yong reproduced it as a language in diverse layers by gradually deepening tragic cognition related to reality while implementing it as a prose poem beginning from the lyrical typicality. Especially in 『Poetry(詩)』, an agony of the poet, who proceeds with living in the transitionally inexplainable reality following liberation, is being specified as tragic emotion based on darkness. The poetic perception is biased to a mental feeling of hunger such as the issues of existence and starvation along with a social confusion state. At this time, a fetish and a spirit are separated to be obviously contrasted. A desire of the poet, who wants to reach the ideal reality in the tragic reality, is delivered to a reader with a strange method such as transformation in a poetic speaker that is separated into the feckless contemporary ego and the self in longing. This is the expression of the poet who strongly reveals a wish for which the ideal ego and the world will be integrated in the wake of experiencing historial reality through the imagination on life called regeneration and transcendence.

소셜미디어 활용 영어 과제 수행에 나타난 상호작용 양상, 어휘 학습 영향 및 과제 참여도 분석

김인옥(In-Ok Kim),최가영(Gayoung Choi) 한국초등영어교육학회 2022 초등영어교육 Vol.28 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 6학년 학생들이 소셜미디어(블로그, SNS, UCC, Wiki, 카카오톡 등 서로 정보를 교환하고 상호작용하는 웹기반의 플랫폼)의 하나인 카카오톡 채팅방을 활용하여영어 과제를 수행하고 교사나 동료와 상호작용하는 과정에서 나타난 특징을 상호작용, 어휘학습, 과제참여도의 세 가지 측면에서 분석하는 것이다. 이러한 연구의 필요성은 2020년 시작된 COVID-19 감염병의 확산으로 인한 학교 수업 방식의 변화, 특히 비대면 온라인 수업의 실행 경험에서 기인하였다. 비대면 수업 경험에서 발견된 장점 중 하나는 새로운 수업방식의 지평을 확대하는 가능성이었는데, 특히 온·오프라인 수업을 병행하는 블렌디드 러닝에 대한 시사점을 주었다. 반면 비대면 수업에서 나타난 주목할 만한 문제점 중 하나는 학생들의 참여도를 높게 유지하기가 어렵다는 것이었다. 가정에서 학생들이 개별적으로 컴퓨터나 태블릿을 통해 학습하고 주변에 이를 확인하는 보호자나 안내자가 없을 경우, 학습 참여도나 주어진 과제를 수행하는 과제 참여율이 현저히 낮아질 수 있고 이는 일부 학생의 소외현상과 학력 저하로 이어질 수 있다. 학습 참여는 학업 성취를 위한 가장 기초적인 요건임을 고려한다면 비대면 수업에서 학생 참여율을 높이는 방식을 고안하여 활용함으로써 학생들이 최대한 학습에 참여하도록 유도할 필요가 있다. 소셜미디어는 이러한 필요성을 충족할수 있는 학습 도구의 하나이다. 특히 본 연구에서 활용한 카카오톡 채팅방은 학생들이 자신의 스마트폰에서 언제 어디서나 쉽고 편리하게 접근할 수 있는 소셜미디어이다.… This study aimed to analyze the interaction between students and English teachers, the students' vocabulary competence, and assignment completion rates found during the eight weeks of a social media-based English program. The participants were 85 sixth-grade students, and the main social media platform used was the KakaoTalk open chat service. The participants implemented 24 assignments individually, both in oral and written forms, and submitted them to an open chat in KakaoTalk. The chatroom was then used for the teachers to give feedback on the assignments and for the students to interact with the teachers and each other. The students also took a vocabulary test at the end of each lesson (4 lessons in total). Results of the data analysis were as follows: First, a substantial portion of interaction among the students and teachers was geared towards checking the accuracy of English used in the assignments. Second, intermediate and lower level students’ vocabulary competencies significantly improved after the completion of the experiment. Third, assignment completion rates increased meaningfully when the students were required to submit their assignments to the open chat compared to an online learning platform. The findings imply that social media platforms can be valuable tools to enhance interaction among students and teachers and to improve students’ vocabulary competence and assignment completion rates.

수업시연과 영작테스트에 나타난 초등 예비교사의 교실영어 오류 분석

김인옥(Kim In-Ok) 한국초등영어교육학회 2007 초등영어교육 Vol.13 No.2

This study intended to analyze pre-service primary school teachers" classroom English use as shown in a writing test and teaching demonstrations , and also to explore an effective way to improve their classroom English skills. Classroom language data were divided into five sections: warm-up and review, presentation, development, class management, and closing, according to the general steps of an English lesson. The data were analyzed through error analysis method to investigate errors of addition, omission, selection, ordering, and pragmatics. The findings reveal that pre-service teachers made the most frequent errors of omission and selection in both writing tests and teaching demonstrations. Articles were most frequently omitted and function words such as modals and conjunctions were omitted often as well. Regarding selection errors, the data often showed disagreement of verb tenses in a sentence, and substituting singular nouns with plural nouns. Unnecessary conjunctions and articles were also added sometimes. Among the five parts of a lesson, most errorneous classroom language was found in the development section where pre-service teachers had to explain how to do activities or games. Suggestions on how to help pre-service teachers improve their classroom English based on the findings are discussed.