한미 자유무역협정 추진 현황과 전망 : 의약품 부문을 중심으로

김용호 성균관대학교 국가전략대학원 2007 국내석사

현재 FTA는 WTO와 함께 세계통상질서의 양대 축으로 이미 자리를 잡았으며, 지속적으로 강화될 것으로 전망된다. 2005년 1월 현재 WTO에 통보되어 발효중인 지역무역협정(RTA)의 수는 총 170건이며, 한국은 해외시장의 안정적 확보, 자유무역협정(FTA) 확산으로 인한 피해 최소화, 개방을 통한 우리 경제 시스템의 선진화를 위해 동시다발적으로 FTA를 추진하고 있다. 한미FTA는 거대한 미국시장의 확대라는 경제적인 의미 외에 미국과의 더 견실한 포괄적 동반자관계로 성장하는 의미가 있다. 한미FTA 협상은 각계의 여러 가지 이견이 있음에도 불구하고 4차 본협상과 2차 별도협상 그리고 제5차 협상이 진행되고 있다. 의약부문에서는 현실적으로 세계 시장을 지배하고 있는 미국의 개방 압력에 한국은 방어하는 자세를 취하는 형국이다. 의약부문은 다른 분야와는 달리 공공적 성격을 부여 받고 있어 관련 산업에 대한 관심뿐 아니라, 국민 건강권에 대한 고려가 다른 협상과는 다른 특징을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 한미FTA 의약부문협상을 고찰해 보고 국민건강권에 대한 관점과 국내 제약업계의 발전적인 성장에 대한 제안을 찾아 보도록 한다. 약제비 이슈는 미FTA 개시 4대 선결조건 중의 하나였고, 한국은 2006년 5월 3일, 계속 증가하는 약제비 문제를 해결하여 국민건강보험의 건실화를 위해 약제비 적정화 방안을 예고하였고, 규제개혁위원회 심사에 통과시키면서, 의약부문은 한미FTA의 큰 이슈로 부각되었다. 포지티브 리스트 등 약제비 적정화 방안의 시행으로 다국적제약회사의 신약의 가격이 인하될 것을 우려한 미국은 협상 중단의 위기까지 몰고 갔다. 그 후, 미국은 한국의 약제비 적정화 방안을 인정하는 대가로, 신약에 선진 7개국 평균약가 적용, 의약품 가격 결정시 물가인상률 반영, 심사•승인 기간 등 반영하여, 신약 특허기간 연장특허 대상의 확대, 특허와 의약품 허가 업무 연계, 신약•유사의약품에 대한 자료독점권으로 임상시험, 성분 등 신약 개발 자료 접근 제한하고, 독립적인 이의신청 기구, 의약품 의료기기 위원회의 신설, 전문의약품에 대한 대중광고 허용, 특정 질병 발생시 복제약 강제실시권 사유 제한 등을 요구하고 있다. 이러한 요구사항의 의미는 바로 혁신적 신약의 가격인상과 범위 확대 그리고, 특허권의 강화로 국내 복제약의 경쟁력 약화에 있다. 이런 미국의 요구가 수용될 경우, 약제비의 적정화 방안의 기본 취지인 건강보험의 건실화에 훼손이 될 것을 우려되고 있고, 국내 제약업계가 2000년 의약분업 시행 이후 최대의 전면적인 구조 조정이 있을 것으로 전망하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 제약업계의 구조 조정과 신약의 개발이라는 기회로 삼아서 선진제약국로 발돋움을 해야 할 것이다. 이에 대해 한국은 복제약(Generic)의 상호 인정, GMP시설 상호인정(MRA), 백신제제 같은 생물학적 제제 허가규정의 투명성 등을 주장했다. 국내 제약업계의 수출산업화 전략의 포석으로 해석할 수 있다. 한미FTA 협상에서 의약부문의 제도들은 국민 기본권인 건강권과 밀접한 관련이 있는 사회공공제도로서 무역 협상 시 이점을 충분히 미국에게 설명을 해야 할 것이다. 협상 타결에 대한 전망은 불안정하지만, 한미FTA가 성사되면 국내 제약산업이 또 한 번 큰 전환점을 맞게 될 것으로 보인다. 국내 제약업계는 이런 위기와 기회의 상황을 잘 극복하고 활용해야 할 것이다. 복제약의 수출전략 이행과 궁극적으로는 연구개발력 강화에 의한 신약 개발로 수출전략 산업으로 육성을 해야 한다. 또한 바이오 산업을 기반으로 미래적인 산업으로 발전을 해야 할 것이다. 먼저 산학협력과 컨소시엄 그리고 정부의 지속적이고 체계적인 지원으로 신약 개발의 문턱을 낮추고, 우선 비교적 단시간의 성과를 낼 수 있는 개량신약과 유사바이오약품 개발에 집중을 해야 할 것이다.

혼합형 스위치에 의한 ISDN에서의 다중화의 성능 분석

김용호 한국과학기술원 1987 국내석사

고려 혜종대의 정국과 왕규의 난

김용호 전북대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

태조의 태자 책봉부터 정종의 즉위에 이르는 과정을 이해하는데 가장 기본적인 두 인물은 박술희와 왕규라고 볼 수 있다. 두 사람을 통하여 고려초기의 중앙정계의 형성과 태조의 왕위계승에 대한 노력을 엿 볼 수 있다. 그러나 이들은 다른 세력의 도전을 받아 불안한 왕권을 유지 하였다. 혜종대의 정권다툼은 이중적인 구조를 지닌 친혜종 세력 즉, 박술희를 대표로 하는 무신적 성격을 지닌 집단과 왕규로 대표되는 정치에 능한 집단이 서로 견제 하였다. 그러나 통일 이후 전쟁보다는 정치적 역량이 필요한 시기에 문신적 성격이 짙은 세력의 입지가 강화되면서 이 두 집단의 반목은 시작되었다. 『고려사』의 기록에는 왕규가 외손을 왕위로 세우려 반란을 일으켰다고 기록되어있고, 이전의 연구들은 왕규의 반란을 대부분 인정하고 있다. 그러나 왕규의 세력이 반란을 일으킬 정도의 강력하지 못했고, 많은 왕자들이 있는 상황에서 반란의 성공 가능성도 희박했다. 또 왕식렴의 군대가 먼저 개경에 입성한 점과 왕규의 반란에 대한 구체적인 서술이 없다는 점, 또 혜종 사후에 정종이 즉위한 점 등을 고려해 본다면 왕규는 반란을 일으키지 않은 것으로 보인다. 이런 시기에 정종, 왕식렴 등의 왕권위협세력은 잠재된 갈등과 왕권이 약해짐을 이용하여 기습적인 방법으로 정권을 장악하고, 이를 정당화할 명분을 만들기 위해 역모 사건을 조작하였다. 왕규의 반란은 이러한 필요해 의해서 만들어진 것이다. 결국 혜종대의 정권구도는 혜종파와 정종파의 대결에서 열세였던 혜종의 패배로 이어졌다고 볼 수 있다. 일반적으로 고려 초에는 지방과 중앙 정계의 유력 세력들이 강했던 반면 왕권이 약한 모습을 보인다. 고려 초에 이들 세력이 득세하게 된 원인은 태조의 각 세력의 연합 정책에 기인한 것으로 알려져 있지만, 최초의 정책목적인 통일과 아울러 호족들의 견제를 통해 왕권을 강화하려는 의도는 실패했다는 것이 일반적인 평가이다. 또 이러한 정책으로 인해 각각의 막강한 세력들은 중앙 정계의 권력편도와 지나치게 밀접한 연관을 갖게 되었고, 왕위 계승에도 첨예하게 대립하는 상황을 만들게 된다. 고려 초기에 미약한 왕권과 강한 지방 세력이라는 특징을 가지게 된 원인 중 하나는 정종 일파가 혜종 일파를 제거하고 왕권을 장악한데서 찾을 수 있다고 본다. 정종은 제위를 차지하는 과정에서 태조가 후왕을 위해 마련한 권력기반을 파괴한 것이 되 버렸고, 그 결과 재위는 했지만 왕식렴 등에게 의지할 수밖에 없었고, 왕권은 다시 약해질 수밖에 없었다. 그래서 정종의 뒤를 이은 광종이 개혁을 통해 이들 세력을 배제하고 왕권을 강화하기 위한 많은 노력을 했다는 점이 평가를 받는지도 모른다. Koryeo dynasty was become established in compliance with Taejo. And he must make the country rallied the various force group because his force being weak. When Hyejong who is a son of Taejo becomes the king, He was difficult operates the government authorization. Taejo who considers like this situation promotes Pak Sul-hee and Wang-gyu in order to help Hyejong. but Pak Sul-hui and Wang-gyu relationships were not intimately. Because Pak Sul-hui is group of the character which is military and, Wang-gyu is the group of the character which is administrative. Their disruptions got up weakening of sovereign power. Hyejong felt and being afraid in the self, with an escort together went with. Jeongjong , a different son of Taejo , threatened a sovereign power. He combined with Wang Sik-ryeom groups together, occupied the capital and extorted a political power. Hyejong is caught to a disease , his force will not be and is not strong them will be able to defend an attack. He dies and at that time situation falls into confusedly. According to record, Wang-gyu was recorded got up a rebellion, Actually, The rebellion did not happen . Jeongjong in order to snatch sovereign power fabricates ` Rebellion of Wang-gyu ' . He forged this rebellion and whole massacred the group Which opposes and became the king. Therefore, Koryeo dynasty early stage, The region group came to be strong, the sovereign power weakly became. In compliance with Gwangjong , The sovereign power reinforcement came to rehabilitate.

결정표에 의해 양질의 명세서를 얻기위한 Logic based testing에 관한 연구

김용호 경남대학교 산업대학원 1993 국내석사

韓國企業의 輸出信用리스크 管理와 成果

김용호 서강대학교 1993 국내박사

韓國學生의 價値觀에 關한 調査硏究 : 大田地域 學生을 中心으로

김용호 충남대학교 대학원 1974 국내박사

The purposes of the present paper are as follows; (1) to expound the theoretical background of the value orientation and then to examine how the value orientation of korean people has been changed (2) to understand the actual points of view of today's Korean students;(3) to study the different aspects of the value orientation owned by the students of colleges, boys and girls of secondary and primary schools. helping to establish the desirous the value orientation which will provide the correct direction for them to follow. The study of the value orientation in a modern society is accepted as an important research work to create a better future for a xociety or nation as well as individuals. There are, of course, various kinds of models for the value orientation adapted from worldwide ones such as:(1) Allport-Vernon model;(2) Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck model;(3) E.E. Osgeel model. In this paper, the author is chiefly concerned with the methods classified in "A Study of Orientaton of Viewl of the Korean People" by Prof. Hong Soong Jick, and has amended and classified them so as to fit the research for the value orientation of Korean students. Accordingly, the author has subdivided the research into ten work items as follw: 1. the students's view of their life 2. the students's view of their society 3. the students's view of their nation 4. the students's view of their world 5. the students's view of their household 6. the students's view of their profession 7. the students's view of their education 8. the students's view of their morality 9. the students's view of their opposite sex 10. the students's view of their religion The author has employed, as research methods, the theoretical background of the orientation of views, the present research tendency at home and abroad, and the transition of the students' view of their nation into what it is, chiefly absed on the literature comcerned, and has dealt with the reality of the value orientation of th students of each school by means of questionairing eight hundred students (consisting of 400 boys and 400 girls from seven schools ranging from primary schools to colleges)to obtain the research data. (1) The Students' View of Their Life; They want to be professors, coctors, and scientists. And they say that faith, morality, and love of nation(or patriotism) are the most important things in the world. Therefore we can find that the traditional value orientation still remains sound and unaffected. (2) The students' view of Their Society; It is pointed out that the most immoral and corrupt persons are politicians, verchants, and bosses of companies, while the most needed persons are those of responsibility, honesty, and enterprise. This fact proves that the value orientation of the students are not exactly imbrued with materialism. (3) The Students' View of Their Nation: They claim that argumentation and expansion of exports, extrication of intrigue and corruption. and execution of revitalizing reforms are supposed to be most urgent and necessary to the development of our country. While the severest obstacles to the development of our country are considered as the extravagant inflow of illicit foreign-made goods into the country, selfishness, mutual disbelief, and ethical decay, etc. We can find the phenomena that the students of the lower-graded schools try to possess the value orientation amendable to the national affairs, while the students in the upper-graded schools are concerned about unfaithfulness and corruption. And so we can judge the students' view of their nation to be sound as a whole, (4) The Students' View of Their World; When asked if the students would by happy to be born Korean again, less than 50% of them say that they would be happy to be. And this phenomnon(of being happy to be born Koreans again)decreasesin numbers in the up-per-graded students. while the girls in favor of this phenomenon are superior in numbers to boys. Most students say that they are willing to accept foreign cultures if they make any contribution to our life. This fact tells clearly that foreign cultures exercise a profound influence on the value orientation of our students. And we can find out the fact that girl-students in the upper-graded schools are affected more drastically than boy-students. (5) The Students' View of Their Household; The students who keep 70% of grequency of the close contact with their parents want to express their own privacy more than 50% out of all they have kept in their minds. The fact that they want to be realized and encouraged by their parents proves that they have been in short of their parents' hearty love. (6) The Students' View of Their Occupation; Most students want to get jobs as most students do; a teacher, an employee of an industrial plant, a policeman and a judge, etc. And They also realize that a scientist, a technician, a medical doctor and a nurse make more contributions to the country than others. Such patterns on the view of the students' progession mean that they do not go astray from their traditional value orientation, however it just proves that they want to look for more profitable and practical jobs in commercial interest that shose of white collar assembly line. (7) The Student's View of Education; It is said he must be an excellent teacher only when he takes care of the private affairs of each student in detail and realize where he stands now. While the most excellent is proved only when he is honest, confident, responsible and polite bo everyone. (8) The Students' View of Their Morality; They say the worst behaviors of the students are explained as follows: the behavior of stealing, speaking against the instructions of their school, and betraying their friends, speaking against the instructions of their school, and betraying their friends. On the contrary the most honorable behaviors of the students can be defined as follows: the behaviors of the students to help poor friends, those of politeness, and those of oveying what their teachers say. Hereby such a conclusion can be derived that most students do not make a great gap between their behaviors and their traditional point of view on morality. (9) Students View of Their Opposite Sex; It is expressed that 54% of the students approve the coeducational system, and the higher the school grade is, the more they have a tendency to apply to the coeducational system. And it is also believed that such a tendency cab be drawn from the cause that they can not but exert themselves competing with opposite sex to avoid the disgrace between opposite sexes, while the reason of the objection to the coeducational system comes from the fact they can't makk free atmosphere of the study, and from which they are apt to fall into ghe state of uneasiness. Especially 33% of students' concerned tell that the behaviors of sexual intercouse must be prohibited before their marriage, and 10% of them agree that no one can tell by the private affairs of the couple whether they get married or not. Today the author can find that the view of the opposite sex has been changing on a vast scale among the students. (10) The Students' View of Religion; The author finds that 50% of the students have their own religion, and more than 80% of the students believe that to have a religion makes their own lives better that those of students who do not have. Hereby the author can make a conclusion from the above statements that most students do not greatly stray from their traditional value orientation however, from the scopes of the view of the world, the viewl of the occupation and that of oppoiste sex, they have had a great deal of influence from foreign countries as well as a tendency of the value orientation to have a certain purpose in the future instead of that of past and present satisfaction. While the author can research that in the lower-graded school the students can't stray from the scope of their parents' value orientation, on the contrary, in the higher graded-school the students have had a great deal of ideas from the foreign countries. Guidance Yong Ho Kim (College of Liberal Arts and Sciences) Summary It is remarkable that we have been trying hard to understand ourselves and our relations with society. And Sigmund Freud's Psycho-analysis has been serving as the fundamental philosophy in guidance and solving scientific and pratcicai problems. Guidance, the importance of which has been emphasized, has widely been applied not only to individual but also to group problems in the guidance of the student life, not confining to professional adapcabilities. Though we have many problems to solve in our country, it is most urgent that we teachess should realize the importance of guidance and thus be able counselors. And we should value the importance of guidance no less than the teaching itself on which we have been putting too much emphasis planning our curriculum, for in education what is fundamental is to develop our morality which will really influence every field of our life and studies, and in our evaluation of education, greater importance should be given to the judgement of personality and the development of our character than to our study results. We should try to find out a way as soon as possible so give the teacher a good understanding of guidance and thus to realize social justice and moral stability through a positive supervising system of education since most of the school education is still formal and limitative. It is □misunderstanding of guidance that we have been generally conteated with having any formal organizations of systems, and that we have been spending our efforts and time uselessly discussing in this way treater emphasis should be given to counselling and advising the student so as to help the student with developing monlity by our true love rather than by such formalities so that we may reap a rich harvest in our education. I believe that it is only by this way that we can expect the individual development of the student and democracy to be realized in our school and attain our educational goal. We often meet with those teachers who have been in fact, hindering the healthy development of the student in their great haste blinded by their eager success. And we have to pay special attention to those problems crused by teachers ghrough their ignorance of guidance. There should be either institucions or seminars wheather intensive or tegular, which is to provide the teachers with theoretical or psychological and technical understanding of guidance together with an annual prize-awarding system so those who have distinguithed themselves in their guidance activities. As we are not free from interfering the students with their self-governing of self-reliance, we should warn ourselves and have our plans well prestudied and we should know that it is through self-control and self-adaptability of the students that we can perform our ideal guidance. Therefore, guidance is to be given not only to those problem making students but also to ordinary students in schools, and we should know what is vitally important and fundamental in education is the social guidance which will heop attain our purpose of making our leving more scientific and, our activitics, more democratic founded on morality.

산업재해와 사용자책임에 관한 연구

金容浩 단국대학교 특수법무대학원 1998 국내석사

파일럿 삽입 QAM을 위한 최소대역폭 선로 부호 방식

김용호 충남대학교 대학원 1998 국내박사

전자주민증의 프라이버시 보호를 위한 주민등록법 개정에 관한 연구

김용호 부경대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

National Identity System has contributed a qualitative change of a offer of necessary information and administration procedure, and also promoted convenience of citizen life. The total management operation of national identity information with administrative procedure has occurred a lot of advantages. First of all, it decrease useless overlapping work, second one is helped for efficient operation of human resource, the last one is reduced to economical and social expense because of reducing civil affair and waiting time using collaboration of national identity information. One of easy way to implement the national security identity system is using an electronic identity (e-ID), which is an electronic counterpart to a legally accepted ID. An e-ID is recently spot-lighted as a basic tool for identification, authentication and authorization in application domains such as e-Commerce in public sector and e-Governance in public sector. In this thesis, we analyze the current e-ID proposals including e-passports and emphasize some drawbacks on the threats against the privacy protection in e-ID. In the end, we propose a legal approaches on the revision of resident registration for privacy protection of e-ID.

Borrmann IV형 위암에 대한 임상적 고찰

김용호 慶熙大學校 1998 국내석사