도로 상황인식을 위한 배경 및 로컬히스토그램 기반 객체 추적 기법

김영환,박순영,오일환,최경호,Kim, Young Hwan,Park, Soon Young,Oh, Il Whan,Choi, Kyoung Ho 한국공간정보학회 2013 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.21 No.3

도로에서 발생되는 차량간 충돌사고, 교통 소통 상황, 보행자 사고 등 다양한 도로 상황을 모니터링 및 자동으로 인식하여 교통정보를 제공하거나 긴급구난 서비스를 제공하기 위한 다양한 기술이 개발되고 있다. 도로 모니터링을 통한 다양한 객체 추적 및 상황인식을 위해서는 잡음 및 겹침 등에 강인한 객체 추적 기술이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 외부 환경에서 Background Subtraction, LK-Optical Flow, 지역 기반 히스토그램 특징의 결합을 통해 추적을 위한 몇 가지 추정 인자를 생성하고 이를 통해 변화가 있는 객체, 잡음에도 비교적 강인한 추적 방법을 제안한다. 구체적으로는 객체의 초기 움직임 정보를 검출하기 위해 옵티컬 플로우를 적용하여 컬러 정보 및 밝기 변화에 무관한 이동 정보를 측정한다. 측정된 정보를 기반으로 하여 지역 히스토그램 기반 검증을 통해 신뢰도를 판단한다. 신뢰도가 낮을 경우 배경 제거 정보와 지역 히스토그램 트래커의 정보를 혼합하여 새로운 위치를 추정한다. 실험을 통해 제안된 기법이 객체를 추적하고 있는 도중 나타날 수 있는 충돌, 새로운 특징의 등장, 크기 변화 상황에 강인하게 동작함을 제시한다. Compared with traditional video monitoring systems that provide a video-recording function as a main service, an intelligent video monitoring system is capable of extracting/tracking objects and detecting events such as car accidents, traffic congestion, pedestrian detection, and so on. Thus, the object tracking is an essential function for various intelligent video monitoring and surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a background and local histogram-based object tracking approach for intelligent video monitoring systems. For robust object tracking in a live situation, the result of optical flow and local histogram verification are combined with the result of background subtraction. In the proposed approach, local histogram verification allows the system to track target objects more reliably when the local histogram of LK position is not similar to the previous histogram. Experimental results are provided to show the proposed tracking algorithm is robust in object occlusion and scale change situation.

정보검색분리(情報檢索分理)에 미치는 인공지능(人工知能)의 영향(影響)

김영환,Kim, Young-Whan 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 1988 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.19 No.2

정보검색분야(情報檢索分野)의 연구과제(硏究課題)들을 구분하여 정리하였으며 인공지능(人工知能)의 중요연구분야(重要硏究分野)를 소개하고 이들이 정보검색(情報檢索)에 응용될 수 있는 특성에 대해서 살펴보았다. 그리고 정보검색분야(情報檢索分野)에 이용될 수 있는 인공지능(人工知能)의 응용분야중(應用分野中) 현재까지 활발히 연구되고 있는 몇 가지 분야(分野)를 살펴봄으로써 정보검색(情報檢索)에서의 인공지능기술(人工知能技術)의 응용가능성(應用可能性)과 그 영향(影響)을 정리하였다. The definition of information retrieval and artificial intelligence is given and the research activity in information retrieval, as well as the major artificial intelligence techniques which can be applied to information retrieval problems, is reviewed. By outlining the several artificial intelligence application in information retrieval, the potential role of artificial intelligence in information retrieval is discussed.

Evaluation of Environmental Circumstance Within Swine and Chicken Houses in South Korea for the Production of Safe and Hygienic Animal Food Products

김영환,서형주,김진만,정연훈,문경환,Kim, Young-Hwan,Suh, Hyung-Joo,Kim, Jin-Man,Jung, Yeon-Hoon,Moon, Kyong-Whan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, particles, and endotoxin in swine and chicken houses. Six swine buildings and seven chicken houses were randomly selected in southern Gyonggi Province, South Korea. The geometric mean concentrations of airborne bacteria in swine and chicken houses were $2.7{\times}10^5\;CFU/m^3$ and $5.6{\times}10^7\;CFU/m^3$, respectively. The airborne bacteria concentrations in chicken houses were significantly higher than those of swine houses (p<0.05). The geometric mean concentration of airborne fungi in swine houses was $4.9{\times}10^3\;CFU/m^3$, which was higher than the value of $2.1{\times}10^3\;CFU/m^3$ found in chicken houses. The mean concentrations of airborne particles and endotoxin in swine houses were $3.48\;mg/m^3$ and $943.1\;EU/m^3$, and they were $15.43\;mg/m^3$ and $1,430.5\;EU/m^3$ in chicken houses, respectively. A significant difference between swine and chicken houses was found for total dust (p<0.05), but not for endotoxin. In this study, the concentrations of endotoxin in both swine and chicken houses as well as particles in chicken houses were high, and in about 50% of the samples exceeded the worker health safety levels of $614\;EU/m^3$ suggested in previous studies. These results may indicate a considerable respiratory hazard for workers in these environments.

[논문] 법률의 부지의 형법해석학적 문제점

김영환(Kim Young-Whan) 한국형사법학회 2004 刑事法硏究 Vol.21 No.-

§ 16 des Koreanischen Strafgesetzes schreibt wie folgt vor. “Begeht jemand ein Delikt im Glauben, daß seine Handlung nach geltendem Recht kein Delikt bilde, so ist er nut dann strafftrei, wenn sein Irrtum auf zureichenden Grunden beruht.” Nach der Rechtsprechung wird diese Vorschrift dahingehend ausgelegt, daß lediglich die positive irrige Ananhme des Taters, kein Unrecht zu tun, als Verbotsirrtum gewertet werden soll. Dahingegen muß der Fall des bloßen Fehlens des Unrechtsbewußtseins, in dem der Tater uberhaupt keine Gedanken uber Recht und Unrecht seines Handelns gemacht hat, uberhaupt nicht dem Verbotsirrtum gehoren und daher schlechterdings unbeachtlich bleiben. Aber diese von der Rechtspechung vorgenommene gezielte Begrenzung des Verbotsirrtums auf die positive Annahme des Taters, kein Unrecht zu tun, setzt sich folgenden Einwanden aus. Zuerst ideengeschichtlich gesehen beruht diese Auslegungspraxis auf dem Grundgedanken, daß “error iurus nocet”. Aber diese Imputationslehre, die eigentlich auf Aristoles zuruckgeht, erfahrt im Laufe der Zeit solche Wandlungen, in denen sie auf die principia communissima beschrankt wurde, wohingegen ein Irrtum uber die konkreten Ableitungen aus den naturgesetzlichen Prinzipien entschulbar sein kann. In der Tat ist der Gedanke von “error iuris nocet” zu anspruchsvoll, weil kein Mensch sich in diesem unubersehbaren, standiger Veranderung unterliegenden und sozialethisch wenig fundierten Bereich auskennen kann, so daß ein Irrtum in vielen Fallen verzeihlich ist und keine strafrechtliche Ahndung notig macht. Abgesehen davon hat die unterschiedliche Handhabung der beiden Irrtumer, namlich einerseits der positiven Annahme des Taters, kein Unrecht zu tun und andererseits des passiven Fehlens des Unrechtsbewuutseins, die Friktion zur Folge. Obwohl die Schuldfahigkeit mit der Fahigkeit zur Unrechtseinsicht in ihren Rechtsfolgen identisch ist, fallt die Rechtsfolge unterschidlich aus, je nachdem, nach welchem Grundsatz die Fehlvorstellung des Taters beurteilt werden soll. Das heißt im konkret, wenn wir die Vorschrift der Schuldfahigkeit anwendet, dann ist der Tater schuldunfahig und bleibt daher straflos, wenn er zur Zeit der Tat wegen der seelischen Storung unfahig ist, das Unrecht der Tat zu erkennen. Dahingegen muß das bloße Fehlen des Unrechtsbewußtseins irrelevant bleiben, weil es keinen Verbotsirrtum begrundet, wenn der Tater nicht positiv irrend angenommen hat, kein Unrecht zu tun. Außerdem ist zweifwelhaft, ob gerade der Redliche, wenn er besten Gewissens irgend etwas tut, dabei ein aktuelles Bewußtsein hat, nicht Unrecht zu tun. Soll das bloße Fehlen des Unrechtsbewußtseins nun aus den Grunden dem Verbotirrtum gehoren, dann ist es notig, auch diese Art des Verbotsirrtums nach dem Maßstab des “zureichenden Grundes” zu beurteilen. Da die Rechtsprechung daruber keine Linie aufweist, hat die Lehre die Aufgabe, seinen Inhalt ausdiffenrenzieren. Der herrschenden Ansicht zufolge ist das Merkmal des “zureichenden Grundes” als “Vermeidbarkeit” zu interpretieren. Und dieser Maßstab ist von drei aufeinander aufbauenden Voraussetzungen abhangig. ① Der Tater muß einen Anlaß gehabt haben, uber eine mogliche Rechtswidrigkeit seines Verhaltens nachzudenken oder sich danach zu erkundigen. ② Beim Bestehen eines Anlasses muß der Tater entweder keinerlei Vergewisserungsbemuhungen unternommen haben, oder diese Bemuhungen mussen so unzureichend gewesen sein, daß ein Verantwortungsausschluß aus praventiven Grunden unvertretbar ware. ③ Wenn der Tater trotz gegebenen Anlasses sich in zu geringerem Maße um die Erkenntnis des Rechts bemuht hat, ist sein Verbotsirrtum gleichwohl nur dann vermeidbar, wenn ausreichende Bemuhungen ihn zur Erkenntnis des Unrechtts gebracht hatten. Wenn diese drei Voraussetzungen nicht vorliegen, ist sein Ve

미만성 범세기관지염에서 Erythromycin 소량장기투여 효과

김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ),박계영 ( Gye Young Park ),유철규 ( Chul Gyu Yoo ),한성구 ( Sung Koo Han ),심영수 ( Young Soo Shim ),김건열 ( Keun Youl Kim ),한용철 ( Yong Chol Han ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1994 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.41 No.2

법도그마틱의 개념과 그 실천적 기능

김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 1996 법학논총 Vol.13 No.-

원저 : 기관지확장증에서 Erythromycin의 소량 장기투여 효과

김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ),오연목 ( Yeon Mok Oh ),정만표 ( Man Pyo Jung ),유철규 ( Chul Gyu Yoo ),한성구 ( Sung Koo Han ),심영수 ( Young Soo Shim ),김건열 ( Keon Youl Kim ),한용철 ( Yong Chol Han ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1993 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.40 No.4

자사주 매입방식의 결정요인과 기회주의 가설의 검증

김영환(Young Whan Kim),정성창(Sung Chang Jung) 한국경영학회 2008 經營學硏究 Vol.37 No.5

For conducting stock repurchases, firms are supposed to choose one of the repurchasing methods between direct open market stock repurchase and indirect stock repurchase through trust contracts with financial institutions. The regulation governing direct stock repurchases requires firms to complete the repurchases within three months from the date of announcement, but the rule on indirect repurchases allows financial institutions (or firms) to repurchase as well as reissue stocks anytime within two years. In particular, the firms choosing indirect repurchases have no obligation to complete repurchases within the contract period. They may reissue the repurchased stocks also. These differences in regulation on repurchasing methods have significant implications on the value of firms. From those differences, we can hypothesize that those firms which are more financially flexible are more likely to choose direct open market stock repurchases than indirect stock repurchases. Without financial flexibility, firms cannot commit themselves to complete the repurchases within three months. We can also make the hypothesis that the fraction of shares repurchased in the indirect stock repurchases is Lower than that in the direct stock repurchases. That is, the firms which choose the indirect stock repurchases are more likely to repurchase the shares opportunistically. Previous studies on this topic have simply analyzed the shareholder wealth effects of two different methods. Extending the previous analyses, this study examines the determinants of decision making on repurchasing methods, and also tests the hypothesis of opportunistic behavior which may occur in the process of firms` decision making on the targeted fraction of shares to be repurchased and actual fraction of shares repurchased. This study investigates 877 stock repurchase disclosures from January 2000 to December 2006 in the Korean security market. The total sample consists of 404 direct stock repurchases (open market stock repurchases) and 323 indirect stock repurchases through trust contracts. We find the following results. First, the firms which choose the direct stock repurchases have significantly higher financial flexibility than the firms which use the indirect stock repurchases. Those firms using open market repurchases have higher cash flow and profitability ratios, and lower debt and growth ratios than those firms choosing indirect stock repurchases. Second, those firms choosing indirect repurchases repurchase the shares more opportunistically than those firms using direct repurchases. The actual fraction of the number of shares repurchased over the number of shares announced in the direct repurchases is more than 96%. However, it is 72.98% (in the stock market) and 67.34% (in the KOSDAQ market) in the indirect stock repurchases. Finally, that the firms choosing the indirect stock repurchases may repurchase the shares more opportunistically is reflected in the stock prices of these firms. To evaluate how the information about opportunistic behaviors are revealed in the stock prices, we regress the announcement period Average Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) on proxies for theories of stock repurchases and control variables. When the targeted fraction of shares to be repurchased is included in the regression models, the dummy variable of repurchasing method is significant. However, when the actual fraction of the number of shares repurchased is included in the regression, the method dummy is not significant. The results suggest that when firms announce the targeted fraction of shares to be repurchased in the cases of indirect repurchases, investors can interpret that the targeted fractions may convey a false signal and the repurchasing method has a significant effect on stock prices. In contrast, investors regard the actual fractions of shares repurchased as reliable signals. Therefore, when the actual fraction of shares repurchased is included in regression model, th

공법(公法) : 법적 논증이론의 전개과정과 그 실천적 의의

김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 1995 법학논총 Vol.12 No.-

법의 흠결과 목적론적 축소해석

김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 1999 법학논총 Vol.16 No.-