Fluidized-bed reactor를 이용한 메탄으로부터 합성가스제조

김상범,신기석,박은석,천한진,함현식 한국공업화학회 2002 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.0

Fluidized-bed reactor를 이용한 메탄으로부터 합성가스제조 김상범·신기석·박은석·천한진·함현식 명지대학교 화학공학과 화학산업에서 합성가스는 중요한 원료로 사용되고 있다. 합성가스를 제조하는 공정은 현재 상업화되어 있는 steam reforming 공정이 있다. 이 공정은 에너지 비용이 많이 들어가는 단점을 안고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발열반응인 부분산화에 의해 합성가스를 제조하였다. 우선 fixed-bed reactor를 이용하여 활성이 우수한 촉매를 찾고자 하였다. fixed-bed reactor는 반응 중 carbon의 형성이나 촉매의 swelling에 의해 반응기체가 원활히 흐르지 못함에 따른 부작용이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 부작용을 없앨 수 있는 형태의 반응기로써 fluidized-bed reactor를 이용하여 fixed-bed reactor 에서의 촉매활성과 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 반응의 경로를 알아보기 위하여 pulse 방식으로 반응물을 주입하여 촉매층 상하에서 일어나는 온도변화, O₂-TPD, 반응물과 생성물의 몰수변화 등을 측정하여 반응메카니즘을 규명하고자 하였다.

天文知識의 독점과 규제 : 宋政府의 天文規制措置와 天文敎育을 중심으로

김상범 韓國暻園大學校아시아文化硏究所 中國中央民族大學韓國文化硏究所 2004 亞細亞文化硏究 Vol.8 No.-

在中國早期天文知識的傳遞多透過家學, 可以稱爲‘疇人之學’, 而中央集權的秦漢統一帝國出現之後, 疇人之學逐漸喪失其地位, 轉化爲官方敎育的一部分, 通過徵召·??擧·選任等方式, 廣搜天下擅長天文·曆法的科技人才, 使他們擔任天文官僚. 原來古代主管天文的太史其職責??多, 除了天文工作之外, 尙有(1)祭祀時向神禱告, (2)爲了朝廷的各種典禮選擇吉日良辰, (3)策命諸侯卿大夫, (4)記載史事和編寫史書, (5)起草文件, (6)掌管圖書 等. 可以說“是一個混合宗敎祭祀·卜筮·天文觀測與資料記錄的綜合體. 魏晉南北朝時代以後, 天文觀測和史書編寫的職能逐漸分開, 經過隋唐時代, 天文機構本身所實行的敎育系統也逐漸完整地建立, 硏究和敎育成爲同時業種的兩大目標. 比較宏觀的角度來看, 宋元可謂是司天監的硏究, 敎育系統的完成期. 但是對於這種天文敎育系統制度上的完備, 筆者業不完全肯定, 因爲在此我們不能忽略天文敎育的封閉化現象. 自古以來, 在中國天文知識成爲統治權力的象徵, 歷代統治者爲了壟斷天文知識, 嚴禁天文的私傳私習. 但天文禁止令的效果總是有限的, 隨着時代的推移整個政治社會的結構與風氣讓天文機構本身, 尤其培養天文人才的敎育系統愈來愈顯示出封閉化的趨勢了. 如果本文所見宋朝每位皇帝對私習天文的嚴禁措施以及司天監官吏子弟爲主的試補制度是這種封閉化趨勢的過程, 明淸以後陰陽戶的出現則是天文敎育封閉化趨勢的結果. 這種封閉式敎育, 其敎育效果方面誠然有限制的, 尤其我們考慮本身不太重視專才敎育的社會環境和技術官僚在社會流動上面所受的不平等特遇時, 其結果是更明顯的, 根據淸代阮元在『疇人傳』所做的統計資料, 歷代傑出的曆算家中, 服務於天文機構者只是總人數的一小部分, 從秦到淸平均只有百分之十左右而已. 如果我們承認『疇人傳』所載的學者們具有一定的水平, 則對天文硏究有貢獻的人大多不是司天職的官員, 這就顯示爲封閉性制度所運用的天文敎育的限制.

버어리종 담배의 염소에 관한 연구 IV. 염소시용시기 및 시용량이 담배의 염소흡수 및 엽중분포에 미치는 영향

김상범,배길관 한국연초학회 1987 한국연초학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Effects of application time And rate of chlorine on the chlorine absorption and distribution at different stalk positions of the plants were Investigated in burley tobacco grown under the pot condition. Treatment consisted of 6 application times (from 2 weeks before transplanting to 8 weeks after transplanting with 2 weeks' interval) and 2 application rates (2g and 4g-KCl/pot) by 6X2 factorial experimental design. The tobacco plants took up the chlorine rapidly just after chlorine application, and the chlorine content of leaf was increased proportionally to the rate of chlorine application. The chlorine was accumulated when much in lower leaves when chlorine was applied early, while the chlorine accumulated much in upper leaves when chlorine was applied late. The chlorine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the degree of brightness, red color and yellow color of cured leaf. Significant Increases In cured leaf ratio, leaf thickness, leaf weight and weight Per unit leaf area of harvested leaf were obtained with increased chlorine application. When the chlorine was applied early, the leaf weight showed Increasing tendency.

버어리종 담배의 염소에 관한 연구 III. 석회, 인, 철, 망간 및 붕소시용이 담배의 염소흡수 및 이화학성에 미치는 영향

김상범,배길관 한국연초학회 1986 한국연초학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Effects of some mineral nutrients on the chlorine absorption by the plants, on the chemical constituents and physical properties of leaves were investigated tinder the paddy field and pot conditions. The chlorine content of cured leaf grown in paddy field was high in iron and manganese application groups and highest in combined application of iron and manganese. Lime application inhibited the absorption of chlorine and increased the yield and quality of cured leaf, and inhibited the absorption of iron and manganese those causing the grey leaf. Lime application reduced the leaf chlorine content and rate of muddy grey leaf by increasing the soil pH in acid soil.

버어리종 담배의 염소에 관한 연구 VI. 폴리에칠렌 피복필림 제거시기가 토양과 잎담배의 염소함량에 미치는 영향

김상범,배길관 한국연초학회 1989 한국연초학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Effect of removal time of mulched polyethylene film on the chlorine content of toP soil and on the chlorine absorption by burley tobacco Plants was investigated under the field condition in 1986 and 1987. Treatment consisted of 4 removal times (from 30 to 75 days after transplanting with IS days interval) and control (no removal). The chlorine content of top Boll at 15 days after removal of mulched polyethylene film(MPF) lowered temporarily, and the decrement of chlorine content of top soil was closely related to the sum of rainfalls after removal of MPF. The chlorine was accumulated much in upper leaves when the MPF being removed early, while the chlorine was accumulated much in lower loaves when the MPF being removed late, relatively. However, the removal of MPF had no effect on the chlorine content of whole leaf. The yield decreased with removal of MPF during growing period.

버어리종담배 이식시기에 관한 연구

김상범,한철수,이규상 한국연초학회 1979 한국연초학회지 Vol.1 No.1

현재 全南北을 중심으로 한 버어리種담배産地는 4월 상순이 이식하는 改良말칭作에서부터 6월 하순에 이식하는 麥後作에 이르기 까지 移植時期가 매우 다양하다. 全州試驗場圃地에서 移植時期를 4월 10일부터 6월 20일까지 7時期로 區分하여 收量과 品質을 調査한 결과, 말칭作, 裸地作 모두 품질은 4월 10일에서 5월 10일까지 대등하게 나타났으며, 10a 收量 및 代金은 5월10일 移植區가 가장 양호하였다. 그러나 回歸上의 推定値로는 試驗結果보다 약간 빠른 5월 1 일 ∼ 5 日頃이 버어리種의 移植適期로 나타났다. This experiment was carried out to fond out the proper transplanting time of burley tobacco since the transplanting dates In Jeonla Do varied from early April to late June. In this experiment , the first transplanting was lone on April 10 and continued until June, 20 with the total of 7 Plantings. The results of experiment from 1977 to 1978 showed no significant differences on value per kg (won /kg ) from April 10 to May 10 whether the plants were grown with mulching or non -mulching The yield and price per 10a were highest with May, 10 transplanting . The proper transplanting date obtained by regression analysis, however, was between May, 1 to May 5.

버어리종 논담배 재배에 관한 연구 I. 시비량 및 수확방법에 대하여

김상범,김용규,추홍구 한국연초학회 1983 한국연초학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the transplanting time, optimum fertilization and harvesting method, chemical contents and physical properties of burley tobacco in paddy field. The results obtained as follows. 1. It is recommendable to transplant after March. 29 to escape the frost injury. By reducing compound fertilizer and whole plant stalk curing, advanced the. last priming date by 5-8 days. 2. Total alkaloid, total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of cured leaf was comparable to those of upland-produce(1 tobacco, but potassium and chloride contents some what high. 3. Filling power and combustibility was also comparable to upland, and filling power was increased by reducing fertilizer and whole plant stalk curing. 4. In the 20o reducing fertilizer-5 Primings volt. the yield was some what decreased, but visual quality and value per 10a were high. 5. The total raw income of tobacco and rice cropping was increased 124~170% than that of rice cropping.

버어리종 담배의 염소에 관한 연구 V. 질소질 비료의 형태가 담배의 염소흡수에 미치는 영향

김상범,배길관 한국연초학회 1988 한국연초학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Effect of several nitrogen fertilizer sources on the chlorine absorption by the burley tobacco plants was investigated under the field and pot condition. The nitrogen sources included compound fertilize.(containing 3.9% NH4-N and 6.1% NH2-N), (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3. (NH2)2CO and NH4NO3. The chlorine content of leaf during growing stage was high in (NH4)2SO4 plot , and the differences among nitrogen sources was remarkable at maximum growing stage. The chlorine content of cured leaf was high in (NH4)2SO4 plot. When the (NH4)2SO4 was applied, the total alkaloid content of cured leaf was increased and the color of cured leaf became undesirable with the increment of leaf chlorine. The yield, quality and value of cured leaf were high in NaNO3 plot , while low in (NH4)2SO4 plot.

질소 및 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

金相範 한국작물학회 1990 Korean journal of crop science Vol.35 No.6

질소와 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배(1988년; Burley 21, 1989년 ; Burley 21과 KB 101)의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 질소 3수준(1988년 ; 17.5, 22.75, 28.0kg/10a, 1989년 ; 12.5, 17.5, 22.5kg/10a), 가리 3수준(1988년 ; 17.5, 35.0, 52.5kg/10a, 1989년 ; 25.0, 35.0, 45.0kg/10a)을 두어 포장에서 시험한 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적심기 생육에 미치는 질소 시용량의 영향은 년차간 변이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 가리시용량은 적심기 생육에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 질소나 가리 시용량이 생육기간중의 엽중 질소함량에는 비교적 큰 영향을 미쳤으나 가리함량에 미치는 영향은 비교적 작았다. 3. Burley 21에 비하여 KB 101이 다수성이었으며, 질소감비상태에서의 생산성도 높았다. 4. 질소를 22.75kg/10a까지 시용할 때는 수량과 품질이 높아졌으나, 그 이상 시용할때는 수량은 증가되지 않고 품질은 낮아졌다. 5. 가리시용량이나 가리/질소 시용비에 따른 수량, 품질 차이는 크지 않았으나, 가리/질소 시용비가 작을 때는 품질이 다소 낮아졌다 6. 질소시용량이 22.75kg/10a을 초과할 때, 잎담배 수량 및 품질면에서 유리한 점은 없었으며, 가리시용량은 35.0kg/10a이면 충분하며 그 이하로의 감비도 여지가 있을 것으로 생각된다. A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the growing characters, yield and quality of burley tobacco (1988 : Burley 21, 1989: Burley 21 and KB101) during successive two years. The effect of added nitrogen fertilizer on the growth characters at topping stage was different according to growing years. Potassium rate had no effect on the growth characters. The effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the nitrogen conteut of leaf during growth stage were great, while the effects on the potassium content were not large, relatively. As compared with Burley 21, KB101 showed high yield, and the productivity in nitrogen-reduced condition was high. The yield and quality were increased when nitrogen applied to 22.75kg/l0a, but the yield was not increased and the quality was decreased when nitrogen applied above 22.75kg/l0a. Neither potassium rate nor potassium/nitrogen application ratio had effects on the yield and quality, while the quality was somewhat decreased when potassium/nitrogen ratio was small. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.75kg/l0a, there were no advantageous effects on the yield and quality, It is sufficient that the potassium application is about 35.0kg/l0a, and the scheme of reducing of potassium rate may be considerable.

버어리종 담배의 염소에 관한 연구 I. 버어리종 담배산지의 토양과 잎담배의 염소함량 실태

김상범,배길관 한국연초학회 1986 한국연초학회지 Vol.8 No.1

To obtain the information of low chlorine leaf production, the chlorine content of the soil and cured leaf in Burley tobacco growing area was investigated. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The chlorine concentration in soil at transplanting time in Kwang-ju growing area was higher than in Jeon-ju(1983), and paddy field sell showed higher concentration of chlorine than upland field in Jeon-ju(1984). The chlorine concentration in soil was different between years, locations, and cultivated land (paddy field and upland field), but the concentration, on the whole, was under the levels that might effect the leaf quality. 2. The chlorine concentration In soil was highest around todays after transplanting, and after harvesting, the concentration decreased to half of transplanting time. 3. The distribution of chlorine through the parts of tobacco plant showed remarkable difference between years, locations, cultivated land and growing stages. 4. There was significant positive correlation between chlorine concentration in top soil and chlorine content of cured leaf. 5. Chlorine content of cured leaf in Kwang-ju area(1.79%) was higher than that of Jeon-ju area(O.79%), relatively. 6. It was considered that the accumulation of salt from the sea by sea. wind did not main factor of high leaf chlorine content in seaside district.