FTIR과 XRD를 이용한 α-Quartz 분석법 비교

김부욱,이종성,최병순,Kim, Boo-Wook,Lee, Jong-Seong,Choi, Byung-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This study compared FTIR with XRD method for the analysis of quartz by % recovery, coefficient of variation (CV) and influence of the interference. the results were as the following. 1. In FTIR method, the coefficient of determination ($r^2$) was 0.9998 in a calibration curve of $695\;cm^{-1}$, and the limit of detection was $4.9{\mu}g/sample$. 2. The highest recovery was $799\;cm^{-1}$ (98.2%). 3. The CVpooled of the FTIR method was approximately 10% in three wave numbers. 4. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative for quartz is difficult with mixed cristobalite and iron oxide. 5. In XRD method with rotating sample holder and LynxEye detector, the coefficient of determination was 0.9996 in a calibration curve, and the limit of detection was $5.9{\mu}g/sample$. 6. The recovery and CV pooled were 104.3%, and 11 %, respectively. 7. In muffle furnace ashing, the quartz weight decreased to 34% when the maximum weight of the iron oxide was more than eight times. In conclusion, the accuracy (% recovery) and precision (CV) of FTIR and XRD method for analyzing $\alpha$-quartz were similar. FTIR method was a disadvantage for sample matrix because it indicates possibility of interference. However, XRD method distinguished specific crystalline forms of silica, and the majority of silicate minerals. In addition, XRD method recommend filter dissolution to pretreatment method.

용접 및 연마에서 발생되는 나노입자 특성 평가: 수농도 및 입경분포 분석

김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),김현욱 ( Hyun Wook Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the nanoparticles produced by welding and grinding processes. Methods: The number concentrations of particles were mapped to determine the distribution of welding fumes in a workplace atmosphere using a hand-held condensation particle counter. An electrical low-pressure impactor was used for measuring the number concentration and particle size distribution. Results: High number concentrations were found around arc cutting and welding (grinding) processes. In the worker`s breathing zone, the mean number concentration was 655,000 particles/cm3 and the count median diameter (CMD) was 84 nm with several multi peak distributions (~20, 70, 300 nm). However, at a distance of 3 m from the welding position, the number concentration decreased to 153,000 particles/cm3 with a 70 nm single peak size distribution, During a grinding process, peaks with high concentrations of nanoparticles were temporarily observed. The mean number concentration was 1, 520,000 particles/cm3, and the CMD was 30 nm. Nanoparticles (<100 nm) made up 58% and 92% of the aerosols produced by welding and grinding processes, respectively.

FTIR과 XRD를 이용한 a.-Quartz 분석법 비교

김부욱(Boo Wook Kim),이종성(Jong Seong Lee),최병순(Byung-Soon Choi) 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This study compared FTIR with XRD method for the anysis of quartz by % recovery, coefficient of variation (CV) and influence of the interference. the results were as the following. 1. In FTIR method, the coεfficient of determination (r2) was 0.9998 in a calibration curve of 695 cm-1, and the limit of detection was 4.9 μg/sample. 2. The highest recovery was 799 cm-1 (98.2%). 3. πle CVpooled of the FTIR method was approximately 10% in three wave numbers. 4. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative for qutz is difficult with mixed cristobalite and iron oxide. 5. In XRD method with rotating sample holder and LynxEye detector, the coefficient of determination was 0.9996 in a calibration curve,and the limit of detection was 5.9 μg/sample. 6. The recovery and CV pooled were 104.3%, and 11 %, rζ, spective1y. 7. In mufflε fumace asng, the quartz weight decrled to 34% when the maximum weit of the iron 0dε was more than eight times. In conclusion, the accuracy (% recovery) and pr떠sion (CV) of FTIR and XRD method for analyzing a.-qutz were similar. FTIR method was a disadvantage for sample matrix because it indicates possibility of inκrference. However, XRD method dis디ng버shed specific crystalline forms of silica, and the majority of silicatε minerals. In addition, XRD method recommend filter dissolution to pretreatment method.

ACGIH Hand Activity Level TLV(R)의 현장 적용 및 평가

김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The Strain Index(SI) has been commonly used to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) of upper extremities. Recently, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) adopted the Threshold Limit Value for hand activity level (HAL TLV) focused on the hand, wrist, and forearm. The MSDs risks of 37 repetitive works conducted at an automobile climate control system manufacturing factory were evaluated using both the HAL TLV and the SI, and the results by two methods were compared. Also, measured repetitive frequencies of upper limbs joint were mesured using electromyogram and electrogoniometer. The evaluation results of the HAL were related with the repetitive frequency data of upper limbs joint by electrogoniometer, and the NPF was related with %MVC of ECU. The evaluation result of HAL TLV was highly related with the SI score(r=0.66, p<0.01). Of total 37 tasks, 25 tasks(67.6%) were exceeded the TLV and 34 tasks(91.9%) exceeded the SI limit. Although there was a high relationship between the HAL TLV and SI score, the HAL TLV underestimated the risk in comparison with the SI. The correlation coefficients(r) between the HAL TLV data and the repetitive frequency of upper limbs joint were 0.45~0.55(p<0.01). The MSD symptoms was significantly different between high risk groups and low risk groups evaluated by HAL TLV(p<0.01), but was not different between two groups by SI. In conclusion, the HAL TLV is a proper tool for repetitive works.

수도권 일부 대형상가 지상주차장 및 지하주차장의 공기중 디젤엔진배출 입자상물질의 공기중 농도 비교

김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),송동우 ( Dong Woo Song ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to investigate the diesel exhaust particle(DEP) concentrations in the thirteen parking lots of large shopping complex. Methods: The real-time black carbon(BC) concentration was determined using an Aethalometer, and elemental/organic carbon concentration was determined according to the method of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) 5040. The particle number concentration(NC), lung deposited surface area concentration(LDSA) and geometric mean diameter(GMD) were determined using a DiSCmini aerosol monitor. Results: The average concentration of BC, EC, OC, NC, LDSA and GMD were 19.1 ㎍/㎥, 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 51.5 ㎍/㎥, 94,000 particles/cm-3, 298 ㎛2/cm-3 and 57 ㎚in all parking lots, respectively, approximately 3-fold higher than those found in the urban outdoor. The average concentration of BC were 21.3 ㎍/㎥in underground parking lots, 3-fold higher than above parking lots. Conclusions: Therefore, the parking lots at the large shopping complex can be considered a potentially dangerous environment with a high concentration of DEP nanoparticles.

모 선박용 디젤엔진 제조업체 들기작업의 인간공학 위험요인 평가

김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),김선자 ( Sun Ja Kim ),신용철 ( Young Chul Shin ),김현동 ( Hyun Dong Kim ),우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),이현석 ( Hyun Seok Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to assess the ergonomic risks of lifting tasks in a marine diesel engine manufacturing industry using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation(NLE). Average Lifting Index(LI=Weight of Load/Recommended Weight Limit) of a total number of 45 lifting tasks was 1.6±0.7. The LIs were above 1 at 34 tasks(75.6%), and above 2 at 11 tasks(24.4%). Parts management showed the highest average LI value (LI=2.3) in all departments, which resulted from high frequency and heave load of lifting. The common and significant ergonomic risk factors in the processes were the heavy weight of diesel engine parts and the long horizontal distance. In addition, some lifting tasks had such potential risk factors as the long vertical distance, the high frequency of lifts or the long work duration.

석면함유 건축물의 관찰조사를 통한 실내공기 중 섬유 농도 변화 요인 추정

이승철 ( Seung Chul Lee ),김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),이광용 ( Gwang Yong Yi ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study is the estimation of factors influencing airborne fiber concentrations by means of an observation survey of asbestos-containing materials in buildings. Methods: Forty-five samples were collected from four commercial buildings by NIOSH Method 7400 and classified according to current condition, potential activity, construction year, and operations and maintenance(O&M). Results: Airborne fiber concentrations by current condition(classified as good, fair and poor) were significantly different(p<0.05). Concentrations by potential activity were significantly different among groups(p<0.05), and those from the low activity group were higher than those from the middle activity group. Based on construction year, airborne fiber concentrations from the decade of the 1990``s were higher than those from the 1960``s. When O&M status was considered, airborne fiber concentrations from 1960``s buildings were lower than those buildings not operated and maintained(p<0.01), because dust generation was influenced by O&M status. It was found that airborne fiber concentrations were related to current condition and potential activity via regression analysis, but the coefficient of determination was low. Also, correlation analysis showed that the higher the potential activity, the more current condition is worsened, but the relationship was not significant(r=-0.455, p>0.05). Conclusions: Airborne fiber concentrations in asbestos-containing buildings had weak relationships with current condition and potential activity.

도금업체 공정별 근로자의 총크롬 및 6가 크롬 노출 평가

이광용 ( Gwang Yong Yi ),김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine characteristics of workers`` exposures to airborne total and hexavalent chromium by job title in electroplating processes. Methods: Total Cr was determined through a modified method based on NIOSH Method 7024. Airborne hexavalent Cr, Cr(VI), was sampled and extracted according to NIOSH Method 7600 and analyzed at 520 nm using an ion chromatograph/visible detector. Results: The geometric mean(GM) of total Cr concentrations from all factories was 11.2 ㎍/m3(GSD=4.9). The GM of Cr(VI) concentrations from all factories was 2.84 ㎍/m (GSD=5.2), and the concentrations among factories were significantly different (p<0.05). The Cr(VI) levels were lower than total Cr levels. Total Cr exposure levels were highest among buffing workers (21.6 ㎍/m3), but Cr(VI) levels were highest among plating workers(4.15 ㎍/m3). The concentrations of Cr(VI) and total Cr from plating tasks was highly correlated(r=0.91). Conclusions: In the electroplating industry, plating workers were mainly exposed to Cr(VI), but others were not. Oxidation-reduction states of Cr and job titles should be considered in the exposure or risk assessments of chrome electroplating factories.

대형조선소 천장크레인 운전원의 용접흄 노출 실태

이경민 ( Kyeong Min Lee ),김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),곽현석 ( Hyun Seok Kwak ),하현철 ( Hyun Chul Ha ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: Operators of overhead traveling crane in a ship assembly factory perform work to transmit large vessel blocks to an appropriate working process. Hazardous matters such as metal dusts, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, loud noise and fine particles are generated by variable working activities in the factory. The operators could be exposed to the hazardous matters during the work. In particular, welding fumes comprised of ultra fine particles and heavy metals is extremely hazardous for humans when exposing a pulmonary through respiratory pathway. Occupational lung diseases related to welding fumes are increasingly on an upward tendency. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess properly unknown occupational exposure to the welding fumes among the operators. Methods: This study intended to clearly determine an equivalence check whether or not chemical constituents and composition of the dusts, which existed in the driver’s cab, matched up with generally known welding fumes. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics program(CFD) was used to identify a ventilation assessment in respect of a contamination distribution of welding fumes in the air. The operators were investigated to assess personal exposure levels of welding fumes and respirable particulate. Results: The dust in an operation room were the same constituents and composition as welding fumes. Welding fumes, which caused by the welding in a floor of the factory, arose with an ascending air current up to a roof and then stayed for a long time. They were considered to be exposed to the welding fumes in the operation room. The personal exposure levels of welding fumes and respirable particulate were 0.159(n=8, range=0.073-0.410) ㎎/㎥ and 0.138(n=8, range=0.087-0.178) ㎎/㎥, respectively. They were lower than a threshold limit value level(5 ㎎/㎥) of welding fumes. Conclusions: These findings indicate that an occupational exposure to welding fumes can exist among the operators. Consequently, we need to be keeping the operators under a constant assessment in the operator process of overhead traveling crane.

탄소나노튜브 표면 처리 실험실 종사자의 공기중 나노입자 노출에 관한 연구

하주현,신용철,이승철,김부욱,최병순,강동묵,백남원,Ha, Ju-Hyun,Shin, Yong-Chul,Lee, Seung-Chul,Paik, Samuel Y.,Kim, Boo-Wook,Choi, Byung-Soon,Kang, Dong-Mug,Paik, Nam-Won 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5

This study was performed to investigate laboratory workers' exposures to airborne nanoparticles at a university laboratory where acid treatment experiments were conducted on the surfaces of engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The surface area concentrations, number concentrations, and mass concentrations of airborne nanoparticles were measured at personal breathing zones (PBZs) for various tasks using direct reading instruments. For all three metrics, airborne nanoparticle concentrations during the experiments were higher than background levels measured before and after the experiments for all three metrics. Among the various tasks that were performed as part of these experiments, one task that involved filtering a mixture of acid and CNTs showed the highest concentrations in all three metrics, with concentrations of $116.6\;{\mu}m^2$/cc, 24320 pt/cc, and $9.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Nanoparticle surface area concentrations measured at a representative area fluctuated with those at the PBZs in the laboratory. This result indicates that nanoparticles generated during the experiments were not just limited to the PBZs of the workers but were also present throughout the room, potentially exposing co-located workers. CNTs were detected by a transmission electron microscope in an air sample collected while handling the CNTs. All the tasks were performed inside fume hoods, with the sliding sashes open to their required heights. It was noted that the capture velocities of the fume hoods were much lower than the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)'s recommendation level (0.4 to 0.6 m/s). In conclusion, this study showed that, due to inadequate control, laboratory researchers performing acid treatment experiments on surfaces of CNTs were exposed to airborne nanoparticles generated during the tasks.