한국전쟁 초기 중국군 조기파병을 둘러싼 스탈린, 마오쩌둥, 김일성의 동상이몽

김동길 ( Dong Gil Kim ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2014 한국과 국제정치 Vol.30 No.2

중국의 한국전쟁 참전에 관한 기존 연구는, 미국이 38선을 돌파하지 않았다면 중국의 참전도 없었을 것이란 주장이 주류를 이룬다. 그러나 최근 공개된 중국과 러시아의 당안 자료들은 유엔군과 한국군이 수세에 몰려있던 7~8월에 이미 마오쩌둥과 김일성이 중국군 파병을 적극 희망하고 있었음을 보여준다. 중국은 "미군의 38선 돌파 후 중국군 참전"이라는 스탈린과의 약속에도 불구하고, 혁명성과 보존, 대만문제 해결, 북한에 대한 영향력 확보 등을 위해 조기파병을 희망했고, 그 뜻을 북한과 소련에 전달했다. 마오쩌둥은 중국군 조기파병을 최소비용으로 최대효과를 낼 수 있는 수단으로 보았다. 그러나 유엔군의 인천상륙 이후 동요하기 시작했고, 38선 돌파 이후에는 참전 불가를 스탈린과 김일성에게 통보하기도 했다. 김일성을 비롯한 북한지도부는 미 공군의 폭격이 시작된 직후부터 자력으로 승리가 어렵다고 보고, 소련공군과 중국군의 참전을 스탈린에게 요청했다. 그러나 스탈린은 중국군 조기파병이 가져올 부정적 영향을 고려하여, 김일성과 마오쩌둥의 조기파병 요청에 동의하지 않았다. 주목할 것은 스탈린이 한국전쟁이 야기한 새로운 국제정세에 크게 만족하고 있었으며, 따라서 한국전쟁에 대한 목표를 속전속결에서 전쟁 장기화로 수정했다는 점이다. 이렇듯 스탈린, 마오쩌둥, 김일성은 한국전쟁 초기부터 각자 다른 꿈을 꾸고 있었다. Most of the existing researches on the intervention of China into the Korean War argued that if U.S. did not cross over the 38th parallel China would not intervene. But recently declassified China`s and Russia`s archive documents showed evidently that in July and August 1950 both Mao Zedong and Kim Il-sung wanted strongly to dispatch China`s troops to North Korea in period of U.S. and South Korean forces in extreme predicament. Notwithstanding the promise that only after the U.S. forces cross over the 38th parallel China would intervenes, Mao Zedong desired to send troops in early phase of the war, at aim of protecting China`s achieved revolution, solving Taiwan question, and acquiring influence on unified Korea. He regarded early dispatch of the China`s troops as a way of maximum gains with minimum costs. But after the landing of UN forces at Incheon, China`s determination for intervention was weakened gradually and sometimes decided even not to intervene. In the beginning of U.S. air force`s fire, North Korean leadership believed low possibility of victory through his own efforts and wanted for the participation of Soviet air force and China land force. However, considering negative effects of China`s early intervention, Stalin did not agree to Mao and Kim`s requests. It is noteworthy that Stalin satisfied with the new international situation produced after the war and changed his attitude towards the Korean War from quick victory to protracting it. In conclusion, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Kim Il-sung dreamed different dreams respectively from the early phase of the Korean War.

텐서플로우 튜토리얼 방식의 머신러닝 신규 모델 개발 : 캐글 타이타닉 데이터 셋을 중심으로

김동길,박용순,박래정,정태윤,Kim, Dong Gil,Park, Yong-Soon,Park, Lae-Jeong,Chung, Tae-Yun 대한임베디드공학회 2019 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this study is to develop a model that can systematically study the whole learning process of machine learning. Since the existing model describes the learning process with minimum coding, it can learn the progress of machine learning sequentially through the new model, and can visualize each process using the tensor flow. The new model used all of the existing model algorithms and confirmed the importance of the variables that affect the target variable, survival. The used to classification training data into training and verification, and to evaluate the performance of the model with test data. As a result of the final analysis, the ensemble techniques is the all tutorial model showed high performance, and the maximum performance of the model was improved by maximum 5.2% when compared with the existing model using. In future research, it is necessary to construct an environment in which machine learning can be learned regardless of the data preprocessing method and OS that can learn a model that is better than the existing performance.

머신러닝 자동화를 위한 개발 환경에 관한 연구

김동길,박용순,박래정,정태윤,Kim, Dong Gil,Park, Yong-Soon,Park, Lae-Jeong,Chung, Tae-Yun 대한임베디드공학회 2020 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.15 No.6

Machine learning model data is highly affected by performance. preprocessing is needed to enable analysis of various types of data, such as letters, numbers, and special characters. This paper proposes a development environment that aims to process categorical and continuous data according to the type of missing values in stage 1, implementing the function of selecting the best performing algorithm in stage 2 and automating the process of checking model performance in stage 3. Using this model, machine learning models can be created without prior knowledge of data preprocessing.

장애인의 보조기 사용에 대한 현황과 만족도에 관한 연구

김동길,Kim, Dong-Gil 대한물리치료과학회 2002 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.9 No.3

This study intended to find out how the handicapped use medical aid, their satisfaction at using it and so on. First a preliminary survey(Apr. 20$\sim$24, 2002) was made for the handicapped who had been cured for rehabilitation by wearing medical aid at hospitals and welfare center in Jeonbuk region. Then total 120 subjects were asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire from May 15$\sim$22, 2002. Out of total 95 questionnaires collected, 84 questionnaires were analyzed except for 11 cases unsuitable for the intention of this study. The results can be outlined as follows: 1. In general characteristic, it was found that the causes of disability included disease(35 respondents; 41.7%), traffic accident(23 respondents, 27.4%) and so on. In addition, 1st handicap comprised the majority(32 respondents; 58.2%) in handicap grade and ankle foot orthosis(or b-k orthosis) was most often used as medical aid(28 respondents: 33.3%) 2. In particular, it was also shown that the 1st handicap mainly resulted from traffic accident(15 respondents, 27.3%) and post-disease disability (11 respondents, 20.0%). They wore medical aid for 1 year or less on the average, because they were hospitalized for cure, which showed statistically significant level(P<0.05). 3. It was found that total 69 respondents(82.1%) were more or less satisfied with their medical aids depending on the causes of disability, and total 46 respondents(83.6%) were satisfied with their aids according to their handicap grade, but there were no statistical significance. 4. Total 56(66.7%) respondents answered that they would purchase medical aid on their own expenses, when they became handicapped. And the price of medical aid ranged from $\300,000{\sim}400,000$(25 respondents: 29.8%) to \ 500,000 or more(24 respondents: 28.6%). It means that they purchased more or less expensive medical aid on their own expenses, which showed statistical significance(P<0.05). 5. If there was any failure of medical aid, 9 respondents(37.5%) answered that they would be serviced from medical companies, and 7 respondents(29.2%) would be serviced from medical aid manufacturers. Most respondents were serviced for their medical aids from related companies. For the question about the causes of dissatisfaction upon repair service, 11 respondents(45.8%) answered that existing service company provided unskilled repair services and other respondents answered that there was no spare part or higher service expenses than they thought. These answers had the statistical significance(P<0.05). However, 20 respondents(79.2%) answered that they were satisfied with the repair service, which means that most respondents are satisfied with the service. In view of the results as described above, it can be concluded that their handicap or disability results from disease or sequelae after traffic accident and most of the affected wear their own medical aid. In the future, it is required that the medical insurance should cover those medical aids, and the service for failed medical aids should be commissioned by technical serviceman to realize customized manufacture and repair service according to different causes so that the handicapped can enjoy more or less comfort and convenience in their daily lives without any extreme difficulty.

유사석유제품 유통실태

김동길,Kim, Dong-Gil 대한석유협회 2007 석유와 에너지 Vol.260 No.-

우리회사소개-(주)다나보일러

김동길,Kim, Dong-Gil (사)한국원적외선협회 2002 한국원적외선협회보 Vol.11 No.-

도커 기반의 실시간 데이터 연계 및 처리 환경을 고려한 빅데이터 관리 플랫폼 개발

김동길,박용순,정태윤,Kim, Dong Gil,Park, Yong-Soon,Chung, Tae-Yun 대한임베디드공학회 2021 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.16 No.4

Real-time access is required to handle continuous and unstructured data and should be flexible in management under dynamic state. Platform can be built to allow data collection, storage, and processing from local-server or multi-server. Although the former centralize method is easy to control, it creates an overload problem because it proceeds all the processing in one unit, and the latter distributed method performs parallel processing, so it is fast to respond and can easily scale system capacity, but the design is complex. This paper provides data collection and processing on one platform to derive significant insights from various data held by an enterprise or agency in the latter manner, which is intuitively available on dashboards and utilizes Spark to improve distributed processing performance. All service utilize dockers to distribute and management. The data used in this study was 100% collected from Kafka, showing that when the file size is 4.4 gigabytes, the data processing speed in spark cluster mode is 2 minute 15 seconds, about 3 minutes 19 seconds faster than the local mode.

2004년 나는 이렇게 생각한다-프리프레스기기 분야

김동길,Kim, Dong-Gil 대한인쇄문화협회 2004 프린팅코리아 Vol.19 No.-

중화인민공화국 건국 전후 및 한국전쟁 초기, 중국의 한국전쟁과 참전에 대한 태도 변화와 배경

김동길(Kim, Dong-Gil),박다정(Park, Da-Jung) 역사학회 2015 역사학보 Vol.0 No.225

The argument that the American army’s crossing of the 38<SUP>th</SUP> parallel compelled China’s intervention has been widely accepted in the West. From the early 1980s, however, Chinese scholars began to argue that Mao Zedong, believing that a Sino-American military confrontation was unavoidable, prepared proactively to send troops to Korea since the war broken out. Recent documents showed that Mao Zedong had a passive attitude toward intervention before the Korean War. However, the U.S move severely aggravated the political and ideological foundations of the CCP regime, therefore, Mao Zedong wished to send troops to assist North Korean’s quick victory but not realized because of Stalin’s negative attitude. However, after the landing of UN forces at Inchon, Mao switched to a peaceful solution through negotiations with the UN or “bluffing,” aiming at preventing American forces from crossing the 38th parallel. The Chinese attitude shows that Mao’s overriding concern was not whether U.S. forces crossed the 38<SUP>th</SUP> parallel, but whether their dispatch helped to solidify the CCP regime and whether the preconditions for victory existed.

링컨 연구 서설 - 링컨열 (熱) -

김동길 ( Dong Gil Kim ) 한국서양사학회 1971 西洋史論 Vol.12 No.1