국회의원의 불체포특권 개선을 위한 법제적 연구

김대지,김상겸 국민대학교 법학연구소 2023 법학논총 Vol.36 No.2

국회의원의 불체포특권은 오랜 역사를 가지고 있는 의회의 특권이다. 17세기 초 형성된 불체포특권은 당시 군주로부터 압박을 피하기 위한 수단이었다. 불체포특권은 시대와 국가에 따라 다양하게 발전하였는데, 현대에도 많은 국가는 자국의 상황에 맞게 불체포특권을 헌법에 규정하고 있다. 우리나라도 1948년 건국헌법에서 국회의원의 불체포특권을 규정한 이후 현행 헌법은 제44조에 규정하고 있다. 불체포특권이 헌법상 국회의원의 특권임에도 논란이 계속되고 있는 것은 이 특권을 오⋅남용하였기 때문이다. 불체포특권이 논란의 중심에 서게 된 것은 권위주의 정부의 시대가 갔지만, 오히려 1990년대 중반 민주화된 정치환경에서 오⋅남용되기 시작하였기 때문이다. 제15대와 제16대 국회에서는 무려 27건의 체포동의안이 국회에 제출되었지만, 한 건도 처리되지 못하였다. 이런 국회의 태도에 변화가 생기기 시작한 것은 제19대 국회이다. 그동안 국민으로부터 방탄국회라는 비판을 받을 것에 대한 반응으로 11건의 체포동의안 중 4건을 가결한 것이다. 불체포특권은 국회의원 개인의 신체의 자유를 보호하여 자유로운 의정활동을 보장함으로써 행정부의 자의적인 탄압이나 억압으로부터 국회의 정상적⋅자주적 기능과 활동을 보장하기 위한 기능을 갖고 있다. 불체포특권의 헌법적 의미와 기능에도 불구하고, 오⋅남용으로 인하여 헌법적 의미와 가능을 상실한다면, 불체포특권의 존재에 대하여 헌법현실적인 논의가 필요하다고 본다. 불체포특권이 오히려 대의제 민주주의와 법치국가원리를 훼손한다면 헌법적 의미를 상실하게 된다. 특히 국회의원이 주어진 지위와 권한을 이용하여 실정법을 위반함에도 의정활동을 계속하는 것은 역으로 헌법질서를 훼손할 수 있는 문제가 있다. 국회의원의 불체포특권에 대하여 그동안 이의 개선을 요구하는 목소리가 많았다. 그러나 헌법에 명문 규정을 두고 있어서 헌법을 개정하기 전에는 특권 자체를 없애는 것은 불가능하다. 그리고 실질적 법치국가의 시대가 왔다고 하여도 외압으로부터 공정한 국정 수행을 위하여 불체포특권은 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 다만 현행 불체포특권은 헌법적 의미를 살리는 방향으로 개선되어야 한다. 헌법이 규정하고 있는 불체포특권의 기본적 내용은 헌법을 개정하기 전에는 변경하기가 불가능하다고 보아야 한다. 그렇다면 불체포특권의 요건과 절차를 규정하고 있는 국회법의 개정을 통하여 불체포특권을 개정해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해서는 체포동의안이 국회에 제출되면 24시간 이후 72시간 이내에 표결을 의무화해야 한다. 체포동의서의 제출과 함께 국회의원에게 소명기회를 부여하고, 국회의원 스스로 자진 출두 등의 방법으로 수사를 받겠다고 하면 체포동의안을 철회하는 것도 필요하다. 이외에도 국회의원 선서에 불체포특권의 오⋅남용을 하지 않겠다는 내용을 포함하는 것도 의미가 있다. The privilege of freedom from arrest for members of the National Assembly is a privilege of the National Assembly with a long history. The privilege of freedom from arrest, established in the early 17th century, was a means to avoid pressure from the monarch at the time. The privilege of freedom from arrest has developed in various ways depending on the times and countries, and even in modern times, many countries stipulate the privilege against arrest in their constitutions according to their own circumstances. Since Korea's founding constitution in 1948 stipulated the privilege of freedom from arrest for members of the National Assembly, the current constitution stipulates it in Article 44. Although the privilege of freedom from arrest is a privilege of members of the National Assembly under the Constitution, controversy continues because this privilege has been misused. The reason why the privilege of freedom from arrest came to be at the center of controversy was because the era of authoritarian government was over, but it began to be misused and abused in the democratized political environment in the mid-1990s. In the 15th and 16th National Assembly, as many as 27 arrest motions were submitted to the National Assembly, but not a single case was processed. It was during the 19th National Assembly that this attitude of the National Assembly began to change. In response to criticism from the public that the National Assembly was bulletproof, four of the 11 arrest motions were passed. The privilege of freedom from arrest has the function of protecting the physical freedom of individual members of the National Assembly and ensuring free legislative activities, thereby ensuring the normal and independent functions and activities of the National Assembly from arbitrary suppression or oppression by the executive branch. Despite the constitutional meaning and function of the privilege not to be arrested, if the constitutional meaning and possibility are lost due to misuse and abuse, it seems necessary to have a realistic discussion on the existence of the privilege not to be arrested. If the privilege of freedom from arrest actually undermines the principles of representative democracy and the rule of law, it will lose its constitutional meaning. In particular, there is a problem that if members of the National Assembly continue to engage in legislative activities despite violating positive law by using their given status and authority, this may conversely undermine the constitutional order. There have been many voices calling for improvement regarding the privilege of freedom from arrest of National Assembly members. However, because there is an explicit provision in the Constitution, it is impossible to eliminate the privilege itself until the Constitution is amended. And even if the era of a country with the practical rule of law has arrived, the privilege of freedom from arrest can be seen as necessary to conduct state affairs fairly against external pressure. However, the current privilege of freedom from arrest must be improved to preserve the constitutional meaning. The basic content of the privilege of freedom from arrest stipulated in the Constitution should be considered impossible to change until the Constitution is amended. If so, the privilege without arrest should be revised through revision of the National Assembly Act, which stipulates the requirements and procedures for the privilege without arrest. To achieve this, once an arrest motion is submitted to the National Assembly, a vote must be held within 72 hours after 24 hours. It is necessary to give members of the National Assembly an opportunity to explain themselves along with the submission of consent to arrest, and to withdraw the consent to arrest if the National Assembly members themselves agree to undergo the investigation by voluntarily appearing. In addition, it is meaningful to include in the oath of members of the National Assembly a clause pr...

Design study of impact performance of a DTH hammer using PQRSM and numerical simulation

김대지,오주영,조정우,김재원,정진태,송창헌 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.11

This paper presents a simulation model to predict the percussive drilling performance of a down-the-hole (DTH) hammer. First, the pneumatic dynamic model of the DTH hammer is developed considering mass flow rate relations representing orifice opening areas of the air tube, the piston, and the bit flushing channels. Next, the performance of the DTH hammer is numerically simulated and evaluated by considering fluctuations of the upper and lower chamber pressure, impact frequency, and force. The simulation model is validated through a series of laboratory tests. Finally, design factors influencing the hammer’s impact performance are selected via screening design, and the progressive quadratic response surface method then optimizes the set of design factors to propose a design modification to increasing the impact performance of the DTH hammer.

콘 크러셔의 전달 하중 및 기여도 분석

김대지,정진태,이창선,송창헌 사단법인 유공압건설기계학회 2022 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.19 No.4

The aims of this study was to estimate transfer force delivered to cone crusher housing and contribution of force transmission. The rock crushing condition caused vibrations in the cone crusher housing, which were experimentally measured, and frequency response functions (FRF) were also found through modal impact tests. Vibration data and frequency response functions were applied to the transfer path analysis (TPA) model. Next, transfer forces delivered to the cone crusher housing were quantified via the TPA method. Contribution of force transfer was also analyzed based on force estimation results. Finally, this study describes basic concepts and components of the TPA method and reviews its applicability to rotating machinery that experiences impact vibrations and forces.

굴삭기용 틸트로테이터 다물체 동역학 모델 개발

김대지(D. J. Kim),장진석(J. S. Jang),원홍인(H. I. Won),조정우(J. W. Cho),오주영(J. Y. Oh),송창헌(C. Song) 유공압건설기계학회 2020 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.12

차량용 디지털 클러스터 주행가진에 대한 ODS 분석

김대지(D. J. Kim),이헌(H. Lee),송창헌(C. Song) 유공압건설기계학회 2020 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.12

We examine the operational deflection shapes(ODS) of digital cluster system to driving based excitation. First, the FRF(Frequency Response Function) data obtained through the modal impact experiment and the vibration value measured through the driving test are applied to the ODS model. Next, we analyzed the dynamic mode shapes of digital cluster system according to exciting frequency components. Finally, the structural safety of the digital cluster was identified based on road conditions and driving speed.

Prediction Model of Performance for Rock Drilling System

김대지(D. J. Kim),정진태(J. Chung),송창헌(C. Song) 유공압건설기계학회 2019 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.6

A drilling prediction model is developed to predict the performance of a down-the-hole (DTH) hammer during percussive drilling of the rock surface. It links together a drilling dynamics model [1] of the drill bit and a hammer dynamics model [2]. The drilling dynamics model uses to derive the drilling efficiency for soft, mediumhard, and hard rock. The drilling efficiency for 3 types of rocks from the relationship among the rock, drill bit, and piston during the impact process are defined as the input value of the hammer dynamics model. Next, the impact performance of a DTH hammer is investigated considering the drilling efficiency and different rock strengths. As a result, a drilling prediction model is proposed to predict the drilling performance of a DTH hammer that considers the effect of the drill bit. Finally, the validity of the drilling performance prediction model is verified through comparison with in situ drilling test results.

차량용 Roof Panel의 Modal Analysis

김대지(D. J. Kim),권상석(S. S. Kweon) 유공압건설기계학회 2022 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

모바일 크러셔 메인프레임의 진동특성에 대한 연구

김대지(D. J. Kim),홍성주(S. J. Hong),송창헌(C. H. Song),권상석(S. S Kweon),최병운(B.W. Choi) 유공압건설기계학회 2015 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

This paper studies modal impact test of main frame of a mobile crusher, which is used for rock crushing and aggregate production. For this purpose, a vibration test was performed in order to investigate vibrational characteristics of the main frame, and geometry of main frame was devised according to the sensor position of the main frame. The modal impact test results were then used as an input to the sum FRF and geometry of main frame, and level of natural frequency of main frame were investigated for analysis of the vibration mode.

굴착기 작업모드를 고려한 틸트로테이터 시스템의 ODS 분석

김대지(D. J. Kim),권기범(K. B. Kwon),권상석(S. S. Kweon),송창헌(C. Song) 유공압건설기계학회 2020 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.12

차량용 Roof Panel의 Modal Analysis

김대지(D. J. Kim),권상석(S. S. Kweon) 유공압건설기계학회 2022 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.06