에밀리 디킨슨 시와 영적 구원 : 사랑의 동심원적 구조를 중심으로 A Concentric Structure of Love

김구슬 한국현대영어영문학회 2001 현대영어영문학 Vol.45 No.2

Emily Dickinson is one of the poets who attempted to ardently quest for their inner world. She was reared under the influence of New England tradition of moral Calvinism, and quested for her inner world through dissatisfaction with her tradition and unending doubts of human beings and God. She magnified her consciousness toward immortality and eternity in an effort to transcend mortality, while controlling her pain with a very rational and complex vision. This study examines the poems between 1861 and 1865, her most creative period, focusing on the theme of death, immortality, time and eternity. These themes are inseparably related to love, a concentric energy which combines the poles of death and immortality, and time and eternity. Emily Dickinson's existential life starts from death recognized in every moment of life. At this moment, through her magnified consciousness, time is combined with eternity, death, with immortality. And love is the concentric energy through which to drive the cycle of and combine all of the disparate things: time and eternity, death and immortality and the finite and the infinite. The fusion of the contradictions can be made through the poet's extremely magnified consciousness. The consciousness is realized in the dazzling light where time ends. The region of timelessness where time ends implies the consciousness of life which perpetually illuminates the poet's world of poetry. The finite and the infinite, death and immortality, time and eternity are combined together in this radiant consciousness. The radiance of the consciousness which can be attained through love, a concentric energy fusing the contradiction is the ultimate point toward which the poet's soul endlessly aspires.

회상의 즐거움: 엘리엇과 히니

김구슬 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2008 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.18 No.2

In 1974, Seamus Heaney delivered a Lecture entitled “Feeling into Words” at the Royal Society of Literature, while delivering the T. S. Eliot Centenary Lecture entitled “Learning from Eliot” at Harvard University in 1988. In these lectures, he makes some pivotal comments on the nature of poetry, which serve to elucidate the relationship between Eliot and himself. This paper attempts to shed light on the relationship between Eliot and Heaney, in close reference to Heaney’s “Feeling into Words” and “Learning from Eliot.” The poetic mystery that Heaney finds in Eliot is through “the pleasures of recollection.” To me, poetry leads to the origin of memory because it always points to the primordial memory. One of the crucial poetic qualities that Heaney finds in Eliot is “the auditory imagination,” which Eliot puts forward while discussing Matthew Arnold. The goal of “the auditory imagination” seems to be analogous to that of “Immediate Experience” expounded by F. H. Bradley since they share anthropological and psychological aspects characterized by “unity.” The former seeks “the beginning and the end” beyond time and space, while “sinking to the most primitive and forgotten.” And the latter can be defined as this: it “is not a stage which shows itself at the beginning and then disappears, but it remains at the bottom throughout as fundamental.” The ultimate goal that they share with each other seems to be of central importance in the poetic relationship between Eliot and Heaney. Focusing on Eliot’s “auditory imagination” and Heaney’s literary works, this paper puts forward that Heaney’s supreme interest in poetry and prose converges with Eliot’s “unity.”

브래들리의 인식론의 관점에서 본 로버트 하스의 시

김구슬 한국현대영미시학회 2009 현대영미시연구 Vol.15 No.2

Robert Hass is a living poet who represents the contemporary American poetry. Hass’s poetry reveals basically a monistic epistemology. The belief that there is “a first world” of unity beyond the divided changing world of appearance is the basis of his monistic epistemology. This poetic attitude is evoked by the nostalgic wish to recover “a first world / of undivided light” and he sometimes glimpses eternity in the world of appearance on the journey towards the recovered first world. F. H. Bradley was a leading philosopher who revolted against dualism by proclaiming a monistic epistemology where subject and object form a unity as a living whole. Hass’s poetry shows an affinity with Bradley’s epistemology which consists of the three following stages of awareness: “immediate experience,” “the relational consciousness” and “the supra-relational” consciousness. This paper examines the relationships between reality and appearance, and the three stages of awareness revealed in some of Hass’s major poems including “Meditation at Lagunitas,” “Natural Theology” and “Mouth Slightly Open” in the light of Bradley’s epistemology, which eventually helps to elucidate the nature of Hass’s poetry. Robert Hass is a living poet who represents the contemporary American poetry. Hass’s poetry reveals basically a monistic epistemology. The belief that there is “a first world” of unity beyond the divided changing world of appearance is the basis of his monistic epistemology. This poetic attitude is evoked by the nostalgic wish to recover “a first world / of undivided light” and he sometimes glimpses eternity in the world of appearance on the journey towards the recovered first world. F. H. Bradley was a leading philosopher who revolted against dualism by proclaiming a monistic epistemology where subject and object form a unity as a living whole. Hass’s poetry shows an affinity with Bradley’s epistemology which consists of the three following stages of awareness: “immediate experience,” “the relational consciousness” and “the supra-relational” consciousness. This paper examines the relationships between reality and appearance, and the three stages of awareness revealed in some of Hass’s major poems including “Meditation at Lagunitas,” “Natural Theology” and “Mouth Slightly Open” in the light of Bradley’s epistemology, which eventually helps to elucidate the nature of Hass’s poetry.

T. S. 엘리엇과 여성: 모더니스트 정전의 한계

김구슬 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2006 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.16 No.1

엘리엇과 브래들리: 「머리나」를 중심으로

김구슬 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2014 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.24 No.2

본 논문은 엘리엇의 『에어리얼 시집』 중의 한 편인 「머리나」(1930)를 브래들리의 일원론적 인식론의 관점에서 고찰한다. 문학이든 종교든 철학이든 엘리엇의 궁극은 현상의 세계에서의 분열이나 모순을 넘어선 초월적이며 통합적인 세계이다. 엘리엇은 근대의 문명적 정신적 황폐가 데카르트 이래로 서구 정신을 지배해 온 이원론적 인식론에 있다고 진단하고 이의 극복을 시도해왔다. 브래들리의 철학은 물질과 정신, 감성과 이성 그리고 주체와 객체를 하나의 통일체로 보았다는 점에서 일원론적이다. 이 작품의 제사인 세네카의 『헤라클레스의 광기』와 셰익스피어의 후기극 『페리클레스』의 주제에 근거한 「머리나」의 주제는 극적 인식이다. 엘리엇의 궁극은 일상의 삶에서는 미처 알지 못했던 현상 너머의 세계의 발견을 통한 초월적 경험에 있다. 본 논문은 극적 인식을 통한 초월적 경험을 브래들리의 인식론의 단계에 적용시켜 분석함으로써 이 작품 해석에 새로운 시각을 제공하고 이를 통해 엘리엇 예술의 본질을 드러내고자 한다.

회전하는 세계 속의 엘리엇

김구슬 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2004 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.14 No.1

퇴계의 일원론적 사상:매화시를 중심으로

김구슬 고려대학교 한국언어문화학술확산연구소 2012 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.20 No.-

This paper aims at revealing the modern significance of the ideas of T'oegye(Yi Hwang) by investigating the relationship between man and nature in the East and the West. T'oegye's ideas can be called modern in that his views of the world are monistic. Since Descartes' cogito, the ideas of the West has offered the definite foundation for the dualistic epistemology by dividing the subject and the object, mind and matter, and man and nature. However, at the turn of the 20th century, some philosophers like F. H. Bradley, Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri Bergson refuted the dualistic epistemology which divides the world into fragments, while maintaining the monistic epistemology which unifies the world as a whole. This monistic view of the world, derived from the consciousness of crisis on the negative aspects caused by the dualistic epistemology, can be called important modern characteristics of literature and philosophy as well in the 20th century. Considering this change from the dualistic to the monistic epistemology of the West, the ideas of T'oegye which are deeply rooted in the monistic epistemology based on the organicism can also be defined as modern. This paper aims to prove the modernity of T'oegye in special reference to his Maehwa(梅花) poetry by applying the term 'half-object', a viewpoint through which the subject is identified with the object, mind with matter, and man with nature. This is an attempt to reveal that Eastern ideas are the original roots of the thought at which modern West aims. At the same time, it also shows that the viewpoint of T'oegye of the 16th century has the global modernity beyond time and space. At this juncture, the attempt to investigate the characteristics of T'oegye's world and literature as well through the comparison of the ideas of the East and the West is expected to be a significant one for the globalization of T'oegye's literature. 이 글은 동서양의 인간관과 자연관의 관계를 고찰함으로써 퇴계 이황 사상의 현대적 의의를 밝혀보려는 것이다. 기본적으로 퇴계의 사상은 그의 세계관이 일원론적이라는 점에서 현대적이라고 말할 수 있다. 데카르트의 코기토 이래, 서구 사상은 주체와 객체, 정신과 물질, 인간과 자연이 분리됨으로써 이원론적 인식론에 대한 결정적인 근거를 제공하게 되었다. 그러나 20세기의 전환기에 F.H. 브래들리나 니체 그리고 베르그송을 비롯한 많은 철학자들은 세계를 단편화하는 이원론적 인식론에 반기를 들고 세계를 하나로 통합하는 일원론적 인식론을 주장하였다. 이원론적 인식론이 가정한 부정적 측면에 근거한 위기의식의 발로인 일원론적 세계관은 20세기 문학과 철학의 현대적 특징을 잘 보여준다. 서양의 인식론의 변화를 고려해볼 때, 유기체론에 근거한 일원론적 인식론에 뿌리를 둔 퇴계의 사상 역시 현대적이라고 할 수 있다. 이 글은 특히 퇴계의 매화시를 토대로 퇴계의 현대성을 밝혀볼 것이다. 이를 위해 엘리엇이 일원론적 사유를 밝히기 위해 사용한 핵심 용어인 ‘반객체’의 관점을 소개하고, 이를 근거로 주체와 객체가, 정신과 물질이, 그리고 인간과 자연이 하나가 되는 과정을 살펴볼 것이다. 이러한 시도는 동양사상이 현대 서양사상의 사유의 뿌리가 된다는 것을 드러냄과 동시에 16세기의 퇴계의 관점이 시공을 초월하여 세계적인 현대성을 지니고 있음을 동시에 밝히게 될 것이다. 차제에 동서양의 사상의 비교를 통한 퇴계 문학의 특징을 밝히는 일이 퇴계 문학의 세계화를 위한 의미 있는 시도가 될 것으로 기대한다.

엘리엇 시의 다성적 목소리:「여인의 초상」을 중심으로

김구슬 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2005 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.15 No.1

How does T. S. Eliot represent women in his poetry? One of the recent arguments puts forward stresses Eliot’s way of describing negative aspects of women in his poetry, while ignoring any good qualities that they may have had. However, a careful study of Eliot’s early poetry shows women torn by the pain of abandonment, betrayal, fear, isolation and loneliness. Furthermore, it is not easy to find the poet’s sympathetic attitude toward women throughout his early poetry. This study aims at investigating the sources of the frustration, failure and unhappiness through the polyphonic voices of man and woman heard in “Portrait of a Lady,” while considering the real sense of Eliot’s attitude toward women. The poem ends in unresolved pain and uncertainty, suffered by men and women alike, which implicitly shows the agony and isolation that people must encounter in human relationships. It is usually apparent when they recognize their own destiny and their confused feelings and longings. In the final analysis, it basically derives from the existential recognition of human beings.

[토론1] 스토킹범죄의 규제와 피해자 보호를 위한 입법론적 개선방안

김구슬 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2021 한국여성정책연구원 세미나자료 Vol.2021 No.12

새벽을 향한 유랑

김구슬 고요아침 2021 열린시학 Vol.26 No.4