고속도로 절개비탈면에서 녹화공법 선정기준 설정에 관한 연구

우보명,김경훈 ( Bo Myeong Woo,Kyung Hoon Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.4

The purpose of this study was to figure out the suitable field standards for revegetation measures on cut-slopes in consideration of the environmental factors. The field survey was conducted from 1995 to 1996 on highway cut-slopes. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; The major revegetation measures surveyed were 5 major measures as a whole in descending order of seed-spraying measures, block-sod pitching measures, latticed block pitching measures, hydro-seeding measures with seed-fertilizer-soil materials, and several netting measures on highway cut-slopes. According to the analysis of the environmental factors, the plant coverage was affected several major environmental factors which were soil factors(soil hardness, soil texture, soil and rock condition), and site factors(slope gradient, slope length). From a viewpoint of optimum selection, the major 3 factors(soil factors, slope gradient factors, slope length factors) should be considered for selection of revegetation measures on highway cut-slopes.

고속도로 절토비탈면의 식생천이과정에 관한 연구 - 중부고속도로를 중심으로 -

우보명(Bo Myeong Woo),김남춘(Nam Choon Kim),김경훈(Kyung Hoon Kim),전기성(Gi Seong Jeon) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.3

This study was carried out to find the plant succession stage on highway cut-slopes. In order to analyze succession stage, plant survey with belt transect method was carried out in 1989 and 1995 at Joongbu-highway cut-slopes. The results could be summarized as follows ; The mean plant coverage of cut-slope was 78.3%. Plant coverage of Lower part area was higher than that of upper part area. Pioneer herb species on cut-slope were Miscanthus spp., Arundinella spp., Artemisia spp. etc., and pioneer woody species were Rubus crataegifolius, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pueraria thunbergiana, Pinus spp. etc. Also, among the introduced turf grasses, Eragrostis curvula is the pioneer species. Due to short of maintenance works, Zoysia japonica which has been planted by sodding work was found to decrease or diminish gradually. The ratio of pioneer stage plants, domestic and introduced herb species, seems to decrease, while the ratio of woody species which are advanced stage plants seems to increase. Maintenance works are needed to management and monitoring of plant succession on cut-slope, and use of herb and woody species will be effective.

휴석동 땅밀림형 산사태의 발생특성에 관한 연구 (Ⅱ) - 지형 및 수문특성 -

우보명(Bo Myeong Woo),임재현(Jae Hyeon Park),최형태(Hyung Tae Choi),전기성(Gi Seong Jeon),김경훈(Kyung Hoon Kim) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.4

The geological and hydrological survey was carried out in Hyuseok-dong landslide area(10/㏊), Youngchoon-myeon, Danyang-gun, Choongcheongbuk-do. The results showed that the bed rocks in this area consisted of shale, sandstone and limestone, and the piles of stones debris were also scattered around the hill above the study area. Soil texture was sandy loam, and bulk density of the soil in the lower part of the area was higher than that of the upper part, but void ratio of the soil in the lower part was lower than that of the upper part . Subsurface water was springing out to the surface in many places in this area. In this area, the storms over 70㎜/day were frequent during the summer period from June through September. It was concluded that the occurrence of landslide had a close relationship with the geological characteristics, hydrological conditions and the rainfall distribution.

고속도로 비탈면에서 주변환경을 고려한 녹화공법과 식생선발에 관한 연구

우보명(Bo Myeong Woo),전기성(Gi Seong Jeon),김경훈(Kyung Hoon Kim),최형태(Hyung Tae Choi) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.4

This study was carried out from March 1995 to February 1996 to select suitable vegetation and measures for revegetation on the highway cut-slope in consideration of the surrounding environment in the middle region of Korea. The numbers of revegetation-measures type surveyed were eighteen measures as a whole in descending order of the Seed-spraying measures, Block-sod pitching measures, and Straw-mat mulching measures. The numbers of vegetation species by highway line were 243 in Chungbu, 223 in Jungang, 210 in Kyongbu 2, 199 in Kyongbu 1, 179 in Sohaean, 163 in Seoul circulation. 148 in Shingal-ansan, 141 in Second kyongin and 123 in Kyongin respectively. The highest index of species diversity(H`) was in Kyongbu 1-line and the evenness(E`) on upper site was greater than that of the lower site. The revegetation measures were selected in consideration of nature of soil, gradient, area and situation, and 83 species were selected as those for revegetation measures in highway cut-slope.

암절취 훼손비탈면에 대한 환경생태적으로 안정된 녹화공법에 관한 연구 (2) - 산립표층토를 이용한 종비토뿜어붙이기공법의 시공효과 분석 -

우보명,김경훈 ( Bo Myeong Woo,Kyung Hoon Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new materials with forest topsoil far hydroseeding measures that is environmentally and ecologically stable revegetation measures on rock cut-slopes. Field hydroseeding experiment was used with a completely randomized design at highway rock cut-slopes in April, 1997. Results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: Particle size distribution of 3 mixed-soil materials that consisted of forest topsoil, decomposed granite soil, compost, sludge, and bottom ash did not show a significant difference. As appending the amount of forest topsoil, soil bulk density was increased. Soil hardness was slightly increased in early period, and then decreased with the flourishing of plants. The number of individuals increased, more than 3,000 seedlings/㎡, after 1 month, and it was decreased as time passes because of competition between the seeded species and the naturally emerged species. In addition to the seeded species, seeding plot has more than 6 species (Rubus crataegifalius, Eleusine indica, Erigeron canadensis, Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme, etc.) per ㎡ were naturally appeared in the first year. From the viewpoint of species diversity promotion, the capability of using forest topsoil as seed bank sources was high. In order to apply in the field, the investigation and analysis of topsoil availability (quantity and quality of seed source, soil texture and organic composition) should be carried out beforehand.

암절취 비탈면에 대한 훼손비탈면에 대한 환경생태적으로 안정된 녹화공법에 관한 연구 (1) - 산림표층토를 이용한 녹화토의 효능분석을 위한 실내실험 -

우보명,김경훈 ( Bo Myeong Woo,Kyung Hoon Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of the forest topsoil as a source of the $quot;Native-soil(seed-fertilizer-soil materials)$quot; for the hydroseeding measures which are environmentally and ecologically stable revegetation measures on rock cut-slopes. Soil sampling and factorial experiments were used with a split plot design(main plot : forest soil type and soil spraying thickness, subplot : seeding rate) in 1996. Results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : Because of the competition between the seeded(introduced) species and the native species, the number of naturally emerged species in the non-seeded plot and that of in the seeded plot were 5∼9species/0.07㎡ and 2∼6species/0.07㎡, respectively. As increasing the seeding rate(introduced species), the appearance ratio of naturally emerged species was decreased. The total number of individuals was high in the plot which used coniferous forest soil as a seed source, however the ratio of the individuals of naturally emerged species was high(30%) in the plot which used deciduous forest soil. The usage of the forest topsoil as seed bank source onto the $quot;Native-soil$quot; materials for hydroseeding could be reduce the seeding rate to 1,000 seedlings/㎡. According to the several factors which are competition between seeded species and naturally emerged species, dryness of soil materials, and seed burial, spraying thickness with more than 5㎝ was suitable for the growth of plants in variety.

벌채적지 (伐採跡地) 운재로의 (運材路) 토양가밀도 변화와 자연식생회복에 관한 연구

우보명,박재현,김경훈 ( Bo Myeong Woo,Jae Hyeon Park,Kyung Hoon Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.4

The objective of the study was to provide the useful scientific data m the early rehabilitation of the legging road after timber harvesting in the forest area. This study teas carried out at logging roads which were constructed daring 1989 and 1994 in Mt. Baekwoon. The field survey was conducted in July. 1991. Judging from the analysis of soil bulk density, time required for recovery as the undisturbed forest soil condition was more than 10 years in the road which was left, and the regression equation is as follows, Y₁=1.4195-0.0744·X(R²=0.91) Y₂=1.4673-0.0688·X(R²=0.73) (X : elapsed year after road construction. Y₁,Y₂: soil bulk density(g/㎤) at 0∼7.5㎝, and 9.5∼15.0㎝, respectively) Especially soil bulk density with buffer strip-woods was 0.890-0.903g/㎤, so it was 20% lower than that of logging road surface without buffer strip-woods Among the 7 factors, location, sand content, and soil hardness had statistically significant effect on the soil bulk density in logging road surface The pioneer species on logging road surface were Rhus cratargifolius, Prunus chinensis, and Lespedeza cytobotrya, etc. in wood.s species, and Pteridium aquilinum. Arundinella hirta, and Lysimachia clethroides, etc. in herb species. So, in process of year, average plant coverage were 70% on cutting and banking slope and 20% on logging road surface which elapsed 6 years after logging road construction. Through this research buffer strip-woods must be remained for environmental conservation of forest conditions, and from the tune to be closed the road, planting, seeding, and grazing works could be effective to the soil condition and vegetation recovery.

휴석동(休石洞) 땅밀림형(型) 산사태(山沙汰)의 발생특성(發生特性)에 관한 연구(硏究)(II) -지질(地質) 및 수문특성(水文特性)-

우보명,박재현,최형태,전기성,김경훈,Woo, Bo-Myeong,Park, Jae-Hyeon,Choi, Hyung-Tae,Jeon, Gi-Seong,Kim, Kyung-Hoon 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.4

충청북도(忠淸北道) 단양군(丹陽郡) 영춘면(永春面) 상리(上里) 휴석동(休石洞) 땅밀림형 산사태지(山沙汰地)의 지질특성(地質特性) 및 수문상황(水文狀況)을 조사 분석한 결과, 연구대상지의 토질(土質)은 고결도(固結度)가 낮고, 투수성이 높은 혈암(頁岩), 사암(砂岩), 석회암(石灰岩) 등이 혼재한 사력층(砂礫層)으로 구성되고 대규모 돌너덜지대가 여러 곳에 분포하고 있었으며, 지표토양은 하부로 갈수록 토양(土壤) 용적밀도(容積密度)가 증가하고, 공극비(孔隙比)가 감소하는 경향을 보여 땅밀림형 산사태(山沙汰) 발생에 의한 지표토양(地表土壤)의 압축현상(壓軸現象)이 나타난 것으로 해석되었다. 또한, 지표(地表)에는 투수성이 높은 토양구조상(土壤構造上)의 특성(균열(龜裂) 및 함몰현상(陷沒現象) 발생 등)으로 인하여 강우수(降雨水)의 대부분이 지중(地中)으로 침투(浸透)하여 지표류거수량(地表流去水量)이 적고, 하단부 포락(浦落)벼랑에서 용출수(湧出水) 지점(地點)이 다수(多數) 확인되었다. 한편, 연구대상지에서는 산사태(山沙汰) 토괴(土塊)의 급속한 운동(運動)을 초래하는 70mm/day 이상의 강우강도를 가진 집중호우(集中豪雨)의 발생이 많음으로 인해, 이러한 집중호우가 산사태(山沙汰)를 발생시킨 주요 원인중 하나인 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 휴석동 땅밀림형 산사태지(山沙汰地)는 지질(地質) 및 수문적(水文的) 상황(狀況)과 기상요인(氣象要因) 등의 여러 인자(因子)들이 상호 밀접하게 관련(關聯)되어 발생됨을 알 수 있었으며, 향후(向後) 이러한 관련인자(關聯因子)들에 대한 정밀한 조사(調査)와 연구(硏究)가 지속적으로 수행되어져야 할 것이다. The geological and hydrological survey was carried out in Hyuseok-dong landslide area(10 ha), Youngchoon-myeon, Danyang-gun, Choongcheongbuk-do. The results showed that the bed rocks in this area consisted of shale, sandstone and limestone, and the piles of stones debris were also scattered around the hill above the study area. Soil texture was sandy loam, and bulk density of the soil in the lower part of the area was higher than that of the upper part, but void ratio of the soil in the lower part was lower than that of the upper part. Subsurface water was springing out to the surface in many places in this area. In this area, the storms over 70mm/day were frequent during the summer period from June through September. It was concluded that the occurrence of landslide had a close relationship with the geological characteristics, hydrological conditions and the rainfall distribution.

사막화방지(沙漠化防止) 및 방사기술개발(防沙技術開發)에 관한 연구(硏究)(II) - 중국(中國)의 경관(景觀)-생태(生態) 방호림조성기술(防護林造成技術) 및 효과분석(效果分析) -

우보명,이경준,전기성,김경훈,최형태,이승현,이병권,김소연,이상호,전정일,Woo, Bo-Myeong,Lee, Kyung-Joon,Jeon, Gi-Seong,Kim, Kyung-Hoon,Choi, Hyung-Tae,Lee, Seung-Hyun,Lee, Byung-Kwon,Kim, So-Yeon,Lee, Sang-Ho,Jeon, Jeong-Ill 한국환경복원기술학회 2000 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.3 No.3

The shelterbelts are very important to conserve and protect the sandy land, vegetation coverage, farmland, livestock and human life in the desertified land. The shelterbelts are constructed by the several row-plantings of high-adaptable species in the desertified land. The shelterbelts have various kind of type, and there are shelterbelts for conservation of farmland in dry the region, the protective shelterbelts (windbreaks for blowing-sand, artificial sanddune fixation by revegetation, and construction of farmland shelterbelts to protect farmland and pasture from wind erosion, etc.) in the semi-dry steppe, shelterbelts around the villages and oasis for sanddune fixation, shelterbelts for protection of railroads, and so on. The shelterbelts consist of main she1terbelts and minor shelterbelts. The main shelterbelts were constructed by being perpendicular to main wind direction, and the minor shelterbelts were constructed by being perpendicular to the main shelterbelts. Generally, the width of shelterbelts is 8~20m, and the number of row-planting is 4~10. The grid sizes of shelterbelts networks are $400{\times}400m$, $300{\times}500m$, $100{\times}200m$, and so on, and there are ventilation type and closing type in the type of shelterbelt. The width, number of row-planting, grid size and type of shelterbelt are selected by the local characteristics. The effects of shelterbelts are mainly the climate improvement and mitigation, such as prevention of occurrence of strong wind, cold wind and blowing-sand. And, the other effects of shelterbelts are effect of reforestation, increase of agricultural productions, establishment of greenbelts and green forests, construction of landscape-eco shelterbelts, improvement of life environment of local villages, supply of fuel wood and agricultural wood, land amelioration, effect of revegetation and restoration of desertified land, and so on. The kinds of the tree species mainly used for the construction of shelterbelts have differences between regions, but main species are Populus euphratica, Populus simonii, Populus bolleana, Populus tomentosa, Salix flavida, Salix mongolica, Tamarix chinensis, Hedysarum scoparium, and so on.