전라남북도 (全羅南北道) 수역의 (水域) 관속식물상과 (管束植物相) 그 분포

길봉섭,윤경원,노범진,김창환 ( Bong Seop Kil,Kyeong Won Yun,Bum Jin Rho,Chang Hwan Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.2

To investigate the rearing environment of aquatic vascular plants and the change of its spontaneity, field work was carried out in 6 rivers and their drainage basins located in Cholla-nam-buk-do area. The flora was composed of 56 families, 145 genera, 190 species,l subspecies, 27 varieties and 1 forms or 219 taxa; 57 species of hydrophytes, 74 of hygrophytes and 123 of waterside plants. Among hydrophytes emerged plant (E, 52. 6%), floating-leaved plant (FL, 21.7%), submerged plant (S, 19.3%) and freefloating planktonic plant (FP, 7%) were occupied, respectively. Dominant species was Hydrilla verticillata, but differed according to investigated. A significant place observed was Tamjin river and species to be protected were Hydrocharis dubia, Nymphoides peltata and Braenia schreberi.

새마을精神과 自然保護에 對한 生態學的 管見

吉奉燮 圓光大學校附設 새마을硏究所 1983 새마을 연구 Vol.1 No.-

다른 식물에 미치는 사철쑥의 알레로파시 효과

길봉섭 한국생태학회 1999 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.22 No.1

사철쑥에 함유되어 있는 천연 화학물질이 다른 식물에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 실험식물의 종자발아와 생장실험을 수행하고 사철쑥의 화학성분을 분석했으며, 그 성분과 동일한 시약으로 생물학적 정량을 실시하였다. 사철쑥의 수용추출액에 의한 발아율은 실새풀, 이고들빼기와 왕고들빼기는 수용추출액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 감소했으나, 그러나 코스모스와 익모초는 70% 실험구와 100%, 10%구와 30%에서 서로 반대로 나타났다. 유식물의 건중량은 추출액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소현상이 뚜렷하였다. 사철쑥의 정유의 농도에 따라 쑥과 질경이는 정유농도가 증가함에 따라 생장은 억제되었고 유근보다 유묘에서 더욱 확실하였다. GC로 사철쑥의 정유를 분석하여 36종류의 화학물질을 분리확인하였고 이들중 7종류를 선정하여 생물학적 정량을 실시한 결과 terpinen-4-ol이 가장 강한 억제작용이 있었다. To verify allelopathic effects, seed germination and seedling growth test, chemical analysis and bioassay of selected species were carried out with naturally occurring chemicals of Artemisia capillaris. Seed germination ratio of Calamagrostis arundinacea. Youngia denticulata and Lactuca indica var. laciniata showed decrease in proportion to increase in aqueous extracts concentration of A. capillaris. while that of Cosmos bipinnatus and Leonurus sibiricus did not. However, dry weight growth of selected species treated with the same extracts as the above experiment was inhibited remarkably compared to the germination test. In the test at different concentrations of essential oil from A. capillaris, seedling growth of A. princeps var. orientalis and Plantago asiatica was suppressed according to the concentration of the essential oil, and root growth of the selected species was more inhibitory than that of shoot growth. Thirty-six chemical compounds were identified from A. capillaris plant by gas chromatography. Seven compounds out of 36 were bioassayed, and terpinen-4-ol was the most toxic among the tested substances.

韓國産 淡水貝類에 關한 生態學的 硏究 : 第2報 二枚貝類의 分布 및 形態變異에 對하여 2. DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF THE BIVALVES (PELECYPODA)

吉奉燮 圓光大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

1975年 4月부터 1976年12月까지 韓國內 13地域 110地点에서 淡水産 二枚貝類를 採集하여 그 分布와 形態的 變異에 對하여 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 10種을 採集하여 同定했고 또 그의 分布를 調査한바 優占種은 Corbicula fluminea, Cristaria plicata, Unio douglasiae이 었다. (Table. 2) 2. 從來 文獻에 記載된바와는 달리 Corbicula felnouilliana는 漢江, 錦江, 東津江, 洛東江, 榮山江에, Solenaia triangularis는 漢江, 寶城江에, Lanceolaria acrorhyncha는 漢江, 錦江, 萬頃江, 洛東江, 蟾津江, 寶城江, 耽津江에 Lamprotula gottschei는 漢江, 錦江, 蟾津江, 榮山江, 寶城江, 耽津江에, Lamprotula coreana는 漢江, 錦江, 洛東江, 榮山江, 寶城江에, Limnoperma lucustris는 漢江, 錦江, 洛東江, 蟾津江에 棲息하고 있었다. 3. Cristaria plicata는 洛東江, 蟾津江 等 강의 길이가 比較的 길고 流量이 많은 곳에 사는 個體의 殼形이 짧고 두껍다. (H/L, B/L値가 크다) 4. Corbicula fluminea의 殼形은 다음과 같다. 江의 길이가 긴 洛東江, 漢江, 蟾津江産이 다른 강의 것에 比하여 H/L値가 크고 萬頃江 以北에 位置한 강에 사는 것이 그 以南의 것에 比하여 H/B値가 적고 B/L値는 漢江等 北쪽에 있는 강에 사는 個體의 것이 南쪽것 보다 큰 傾向이 있다. 그리고 H/L, H/B値는 강의 下流>支流>上流, B/L値는 下流>上流>支流의 順으로 되어 있는 趨勢를 보인다. (Table. 4) 5. Unio douglasiae의 殼形은 洛東江, 漢江等 길이가 긴 강에 사는 個體가 다른 강에 사는 것에 比하여 殼長이 길고 조개모양이 납작하다. (H/L, B/L値가 적음) 6. 各 地域別로 二枚貝類의 種別, 殼形의 變異를 調査 比較해 본 結果 서로 密接한 相關關係가 있으나(Υ=0.9이상) Cristaria plicata는 蟾津江, 漢江産이 다른 강것과는 異質的이고 Unio douglasiae는 東津江, 寶城江産이 다른 地域것과 多少 差異가 있는 모양을 나타낸다. (Fig. 5,9,10,11,12) This study was undertaken to investigate on the distribution and the morphological variation of the fresh-water bivalves in south Korea. It has been studied over a period of 20 months from April, 1975 to December, 1976 at 110 stations as shown in Fig. 1. Among the 10 species of the bivalves, the dominant species were Corbicula fluminea at 13 regions, Cristaria plicata at 11 regions, Unio douglasiae at 11 regions, Anodonta woodiana at 11 regions(Table. 2). Morphological variation of Cristaria plicata shell which lives in the longer rivers and more abundant of its flowing water as the Nagdong, Seomjin etc, was shorter and thicker in its shell length and shell breadth than that other rivers. It has been established that the Corbicula fluminea exhibits as following; H/L values of the shell in the Nagdong, the Han and the Seomjin rivers which its length is longer and its flux is more abundant than other rivers were bigger and H/B values of the shell in the northern parts of the Mangyeong river were less than that of southern parts of the Mangyeong river. Also, B/L values of the shell in the northern parts of Korea as the Han river etc were had a tendency to be increased than in the other rivers. H/L, H/B values of C. fluminea of shell in the branch stream were less than that of the down stream, and H/L, H/B values of it in the upper stream were the least. B/L values of it in the upper stream were less than that of the down stream, and B/L values of it in the branch stream were the least. H/L, B/L values of it had a tendency to be increased from the branch stream to the main stream. Morphological variation of shell of U. douglasiae which lives in the longer rivers as the Nagdong, the Han, the Geum river was longer and thinner in its shell-length than that of other rivers.

한국산 (韓國産) 담수패류에 (淡水貝類) 관한 생태학적 연구 - 제3보 - 후꾸다뻘조개 Anodonta ( Sinanodonta ) fukudai 의 생활사

길봉섭,한두석 ( Bong Seop Kil,Du Seuk Han ) 한국하천호수학회 1978 생태와 환경 Vol.11 No.3·4

This study is the 3rd result of ecological researches on the freshwater shell-fish to be investigated from April, 1975 to December, 1977. The result investigated from the early embryo to the grown-up shell-fish is as follows: 1. Anodonta (Sinanodouta) fukudai is outer gill breeder and cleavage develope in the marsupium. 2. A. fukudai that lives in Iri district begins the cleavage of its fertilized egg on September, glochidium is spawned from the marsupium. It is attached itself to the freshwater fish and is parasitic on it during February and March. The period of parasitism is 10∼20 days, though it is different from the temperature. 3. A. fukudai becomes glochidia through two cell stage… D shaped larva stage, then it puts its foot and lives freely after the parasitism of freshwater fishes. 4. D shaped larva does the vigorous rotary motion toward the watch direction. 5. Glochidium takes exercise of the opening and closing of shell and has keen hook or larval thread of foot. 6. A. fukudai lives on the vegetable planktons, the green algaes are in a large amount among them.

漢藥材의 蟲害實態와 그 防除對策

吉奉燮 圓光大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.14 No.2

1. 1979. 7-1980. 6까지 漢藥材에 加害하는 害蟲을 調査해 본 結果 애알수시렁이, 누룩바구미, 애수시렁이, Laemophloeus (Cryptolestes) ferrugineus S., 권연벌레, 톱가슴머리대장, 화랑곡나방, 쌀바구미, 쌀도둑, 붉은가루벌레, 곡식수수렁이, 기생봉류, 전갈류, 기타 等 14種이 나타났다. 2. 甚하게 加害하는 種類로는 권연벌레, 화랑곡나방, 톱가슴머리대장이었고, 芳香性 漢藥材에 더 많이 모였다. 3. 권연벌레는 1年에 3回 發生하며 7月下旬부터 많이 나타나다가 9월下旬頃이 發生 最盛期이고, 톱가슴머리대장은 1年에 4回 發生하며, 8月 下旬부터 9月까지 많이 나타났고 화랑곡나방은 1年에 3回 發生하여 8月中旬頃이 그의 活動 peak를 이루었다. 4. 幼蟲態로 越冬하는 害蟲은 애알수시렁이, 누룩바구미, 애수시렁이, 권연벌레, 화랑곡나방 等이고, 主로 成蟲態로 越冬하는 한약재 害충은 톱가슴머리대장, 쌀바구미, 붉은가루벌레 等이었다. 5. 害蟲의 主要한 生活習性은 漢藥材의 틈사이에 숨어서 살고 흔히 한약재에 구멍을 뚫으며 유충때에는 실을 吐해서 부스러기나 蟲糞을 얽고 그 속에 들어 있으며 그리고 大部分이 完全變態發生을 하는 特徵을 가지고 있었다. 6. 漢藥材 害蟲의 防除는 (1)漢藥材를 相對濕度 10% 以下로 잘 말려서 規格品化, 標準化하고 (2)漢藥材 乾材商이나 保管 倉庫에는 電燈을 달아서 1 日 10 시간씩 照明을 해 두며 (3)漢藥材 專用 封奪(PE 는 0.2mm 이상)를 만들어 流通의 全過程에 使用할 것, 크라우드紙나 其他 負袋 또는 包裝紙는 二重으로 만들면 더욱 效率的이다. In order to investigate on the vermin of herbs of oriental medicine, this study carried out for one year from July, 1979 to June, 1980. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Herbs of oriental medicine were damaged by fourteen species of vermin:Anthrenus (Nathrenus) verbascii L., Araeocerus fasciculatus De G., Attagenus piceus O., Laemophloeus (Cryptolestes) ferrugineus S., Lasioderma serricorne F., Oryzaephilius surinamensis L., Plodia interpunctella H., Sitophilus zea-mais M., Tenebroides mauritanicus L., Tribolium castaneum H., Trogoderma dranarium E., Hymenoptera sp., Pseudoscorpionida sp., Unknown sp. 2. Above all, the number of Lasioderma serricorne was the largest, that of Plodia interpunctella was next and Oryzaephilus surinamensis was also met with everywhere from smell sweet herbs as the others. 3. Lasioderma serricorne occurred three times, Oryzaephilus surinamensis was four times and Plodia interpunctella was also three times in a year respectively, they showed the height of prosperity from middle of August to the end of September. 4. Among the vermin of herbs, passing the winter in larva stage were A. verbascii, A. fasciculatus, A. Piceus, L. serricorne, P. interpunctella, while that in the adult stage were O. surinamensis, S. zea-maiz, T. castaneum. 5. An acquired acological habit of vermin showed their developmental stage that like to hide their body inside or slit of herbs, often boring herbs small hole, binding up their shelter with silk thread and take refuge in their body. Vermin of herbs characterized, for the most part, complete metamorphosis. 6. The author made a following proposal from the result of his study on the protective counterplan of vermin of herbs investigated. (1) Standardized goods for herbs of oriental medicine by dried them tili relative humidity became below 10%. (2) Turned on the electric light where had kept in herbs storage and illuminating ten hours in a day. (3) It should be good for use exclusive burlap bag of herbs of oriental medicine which made of double enveloped.

도입종 애기수영의 생태 특성

길봉섭,유현경,신성은,김영식,백순옥 한국생태학회 1997 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.20 No.6

Ecological characteristics of Rumex acetosella have been studied both in the laboratory and in the field. R. acetosella grows well straight up after germination, elongating and thickening their rhizomes with sprouts erupting along their bodies of the rhizome. The number and development of leaves and ramets reach their peak by April. The size of leaves and the cover degree of the plant increase from April to May. R. acetosella is an ephemeral, a short life mode plant, finishing its life cycle in July or August. The germination and seedling growth of selected species exposed to aqueous extracts of R. acetosella were in inverse proportion to concentration. The growth of Rumex japonicus and Digitaria sanguinalis cultivated in soil with R. acetosella was more inhibited than that of the control. Twelve chemical compounds were identified from R. acetosella by GC and HPLC and verified by bioassay with the same chemical reagents. It would be assdumed that these chemical substances are responsible for the allelopathic effect of R. acetosella. In short, R. acetosella plants grow vigorously from April and maintain their superior competitive ability to other plants in forming their communities by emitting chemical substances into their environment.

호주 알레로파시 연구의 두 방향(1988-1993)

길봉섭,Lovett, J. V. 한국생태학회 1997 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.20 No.2

Although the number of active workers in Australia is small the range of species associated with allelopathic activity is at least as large as that reported elsewhere in the world. In this paper, work on native and infroduced plants is discussed under the general heading of "conventional allelopathy", thiat is, interactions between plants which are chemically mediated. Work in which compounds associated with allelopathy, in the conventional sense, are biologically active in different contexts is included under "unconventional allelopathy", Examples which involve microorganisms, corals and other marie species, and mammals are discussed.mmals are discussed.

리기다소나무의 Allelopathy 效果

吉奉燮 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1989 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.3

리기다소나무의 allelopathy 效果를 究明하기 위하여 그 植物의 잎, 낙엽, 뿌리에서 抽出한 抽出液, 洗脫液으로 實驗해 본 결과 다른 植物의 發芽와 生長 抑制에 관계함을 알아 냈다. 즉, 發芽率은 對照區에 比하여 약간 낮았지만 乾重量은 크게 抑制되었고 水溶抽出液이 洗脫液보다 더 抑制하였다. 또한 리기다소나무林床 土壞의 野外 生物學的 定量實驗結果에서도 위와 비슷한 사실이 確認되었다. 따라서 그 抑制物質을 찾기 위하여 chromatography法으로 리기다소나무 잎으로부터 14종류의 化學物質을 分離한 결과 phenolic 化合物로 確認되었다. 그래서 檢出된 物質과 同質인 化學物質을 써서 生物學的 定量實驗을 實施한 結果 상치의 發芽와 生長을 抑制하였고 特히 5x10^-3M 液區에서 극심하게 抑制하였다. 이상의 결과로 phenolic 化合物은 리기다소나무의 allelopathy 效果에 관계하는 物質임은 確認하였다. A number of laboratory and field experiments have performed wth aqueous extracts from fresh leaves, fallen leaves and roots of Pinus rigida in order to investigate the effect of the pine tree. The results obtained found its inhibitive effect on the germination and growth of tested species. Though relative germination ratio of the species was somewhat lower than the control plot, severe inhibition was observed in relative dry weight ratio. These results were more obvious in aqueous extracts than in the case of leachates and similar results were also confirmed by field bioassays on the forest soil of P. rigida. Therefore, to find out the inhibitory substances, 14 different kinds of chemical substances were isolated from the leaves of the tree by chromatography and most of them were confirmed to be phenolic compounds. The growth of lettuce was inhibited in the experiment using reagents identical to these chemical substances and a great inhibition was observed in the concentration of less than 5×10^-3M solution. Phenolic compounds are assumed the substance related to the allelopathic effect of P. rigida.

植物의 生長에 미치는 비쑥의 毒性作用

吉奉燮,柳賢卿 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.2

To find out phytotoxic effects of naturally occurring substances emitted by Artemisia scoparia, aqueous extracts and volatile substances of A. scoparia were provided and used for tests such as seed germination and seedling growth. In general, the more was the concentration of the extracts and the amount of A. scoparia leaf, the worse was the above mentioned tests of selected species. Especially. relative germination ratio and relative radicle elongation ratio of Plantago asiatica and that of Achyranthes japonica were inversely proportional to the concentration of the extracts and the volatile substances of A. scoparia. But Altriplex gmelini, outside species which growing out of A. scoparia community, was not much influenced from the chemicals. It was, therefore, confirmed that the chemical substances of A. scoparia were clearly showed the phytotoxic activity. The gas chromatography was employed for analysis and identification of phytotoxic substances from A. scoparia. Seven chemical substances were identified from it and, among them, cinnamic acid would be assumed as a main substance in this study.