고유가극복을 위한 에너지정책방향

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 대한석유협회 2005 석유와 에너지 Vol.2005 No.11

이 자료는 지난 11월 7일 국회도서관 강당에서 신국환 국회위원이 주최한 2005 Forum Energypdicy에서 고정식 산업자원부 에너지산업심의관이 발표한 자료를 편집한 것이다.-편집자 주-

退溪四七論의 現代的考察

高政植 성균관대학교 문리과대학 동양철학과 1962 東洋哲學 Vol.2 No.1

총담관 결찰후 집토끼 소엽사이담관의 미세구조적 연구

이상은,박경호,양남길,안의태,고정식 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

담소관은 담즙의 성분중 수분과 무기전해질의 분비 및 흡수기능을 가지고 있는데, 총담관을 결찰하여 인위적으로 담즙울체를 일으킨 후 담소관상피세포의 미세구조적변화를 알아보기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. 집토끼의 총담관을 결찰하고 1일, 3일, 5일, 7일, 및 14일이 경과된 후 간조직을 떼어 전자현미경관찰을 위한 통상적인 방법에 따라 고정, 탈수, 포매의 과정을 거친 다음 전자현미경관찰용 절편을 만들어 JEM 100CX Ⅱ 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정상 담소관상피세포는 입방형이며, 내강이 커질수록 원주상으로 변하며, 가끔 전자밀도가 높은 세포가 나타났다. 2. 담소관담상피세포의 자유면은 미세융모가 돌출되어 있으며, 드물게 섬모도 관찰되었다. 세포의 위쪽 측면은 폐쇄띠, 부착띠, 부착반을 가진 연접을 이루었으며, 아래 쪽은 미세주름이 나타났고, 기저면은 기저막으로 둘러 싸여 있었다. 3. 총담관결찰 후 담소관은 그 내강이 확장되면서 상피세포의 미세융모의 수는 줄었으며 팽대되었고, 미세사의 증식이 현저하였다. 4. 총담관결찰 후 담소관상피세포 사이의 부착띠가 더욱 발달되는 경향을 보였다. 5. 총담관결찰 후 담소관상피의 기저막은 부분적인 파괴가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 미세융모의 감소, 내강의 확장 및 기저막의 부분적인 파괴등은 담즙울체로 인하여 담관내의 압력이 증가하므로 나타나는 담소관상피세포의 형태적 변화라 생각된다. The bile ductule is known to have the function of and the secretion and the reabsorption of the bile juice, especially water and inorganic electrolytes. This experiments was performed to study the ultra sturctural changes of the bile ductule of the rabbit liver after common bile duct ligation. Common bilt duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia. The rabbits were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after the operation. Small blocs of livers were fixed 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by 1% osmium tetroxide, embedded in araldite mixture, cut with LKB-V ultratome, stained with uranyl acetate- lead citrate, and observed with JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The cytoplasm of normal bile ductular epithelial cell shows lighter density as compared with that of the of the hepatocyte. Occasional dark cells can be seen between the light ductular cells. 2. On the apical free surface of the normal ductular cells, numerous microvilli project into the lumen, and occasional cilia have been observed. The apical pole of lateral surface exhibits junctional complex, including tight junction, intermediate junction and desmosmes, whereas basal pole have a complex interdigitations. Ductular cell rests on a basal lamina. 3. After the common bile duct ligation, bile ductule showed enlargement of lumen, swelling and reduction of microvilli and proliferation of microfilaments. 4. After the common bile duct ligation, bile ductule showed well developed junctional complex and focally duplicated and thickened basal lamina. From the above results, it was concluded that in the acute cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation, bile ductular cell shows morphological changes, probably to keep the ductular wall from the increasing intraductular pressure.

BCG가 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 생쥐의 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성 및 미세구조에 미치는 영향

고정식,류인상,박경호,박대균,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Ryoo, In-Sang,Park, Kyung-Ho,Park, Dae-Kyoon 한국현미경학회 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.3

이 실험은 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후 BCG를 투여하였을 때, 위점막 상피세포의 형태학적 변화와 DNA합성능의 변화를 연구하고자 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 g 내외의 성숙한 생쥐(ICR계통)를 정상대조군, 종양세포이식대조군(종양대조군), 종양세포이식후 BCG투여군(BCG투여군)으로 구분하였다. 종양대조군과 BCG투여군 동물들은 샅부위 피하에 각각 $1{\times}10^7$의 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후, 다음날부터 BCG ($0.6{\times}10^8{\sim}6.4{\times}10^8$ CFU, 27 mg/vial, Connaught Lab., Canada)를 하루건너 한 번씩 피부밑조직에 주사하였으며, 종양대조군은 종양세포이식 후에 BCG 대신 0.2mL의 생리식염수를 피부밑조직에 주사하였다. 자기방사법적 관찰을 위해서는 BCG를 마지막으로 주사한 다음날 $^3H$-thymidine (methyl-$^3H$-thymidine: specific activity 25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) 0.7${\mu}Ci/gm$를 꼬리정맥에 주사하고, 70분 후 도살하여 위조직을 떼어내어 10% formalin에 고정하였다. 자기방사표본관찰은 위점막 조직이 세로로 잘 절단된 부위를 택하여 점막근육판을 따라 점막길이 3.5mm의 위점막 조직에 분포하는 $^3H$-thymidine 표지세포의 수를 계수하였으며, 일반조직 관찰을 위해서는 hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)염색을 시행하였다. 전자현미경 관찰을 위해서는 떼어낸 위조직을 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde 혼합액에 고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide 액에 다시 고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite 혼합액에 포매하였다. 광학현미경적 관찰에서 종양대조군과 BCG투여군은 위점막 조직에서 형태적으로 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 전자현미경적 관찰에서 BCG투여군의 점액상피세포는 전체적인 모습이 정상대조군과 종양대조군의 소견과 유사하였으나 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비해 수초구조와 뭇소포체(multivesicular body) 및 전자밀도가 높은 큰 미토콘드리아속과립이 자주 관찰되었다. 자기방사법적 관찰에서 정상대조군, 종양대조군, BCG투여군은 점막길이 3.5 mm 당 출현하는 표지세포수가 각각 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) 및 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$)개이었으며, BCG투여군은 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비하여 표지된 은입자의 수가 매우 적어서 표지과립이 겨우 구별될 정도의 세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 동물에 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성을 효과적으로 억제하면서도 형태적인 변화가 매우 경미하였으며, 이러한 결과는 BCG가 항암치료 시 보조제로 사용할 수 있는 좋은 약제라고 생각된다. This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric epithelial cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG. Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (tumor control group and BCG-treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1{\times}10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7th injection of saline or BCG, each mouse was injected with a single dose of 0.7 ${\mu}Ci/g$ of methyl-$^3H$-thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were taken and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Deparaffinized sections were coated with autoradiographic emulsion EM-1 (Amersham Lab., England) in a dark room. The number of labeled epithelial cells in the gastric mucosae (mean number of labeled epithelial cells per 3.5 mm length of mucosa) were observed and calculated. And for electron microscopic observation, gastric tissues were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution. On the light microscopic study, gastric mucosae had no morphological changes following the injection of BCG. On the electron microscopic study, in the BCG-treated mice, myelin figures and multivesicular bodies within the gastric epithelial cells were observed more frequently than in those of the normal control ones. On the autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, tumor control and BCG-treated mice were 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) and 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$), respectively. In the BCG-treated mice, poorly-labeled cells containing only a few silver grains of 3H-thymidine were observed more frequently as compared in those of the normal control and tumor control ones. From the above results, BCG may suppress the DNA synthesis of the gastric epithelial cells, but does not results severe fine structural defect on the gastric epithelial cells. These results suggest that BCG is expected as one of the effective supplemental anticancer drugs.

노화에 따른 마우스 망막의 바닥복합층과 색소상피세포의 미세구조 변화

고정식,박병록,안의태,박경호,김진국,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Park, Byung-Lok,Ahn, E-Tay,Park, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Jin-Gook 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.4

To study the age-related morphological differences of the retinal pigment cells and Bruch's membrane of mouse, retinae of one week-old, five weeks-old, eight weeks-old, six months-old, twelve months-old, eighteen months-old, twenty-four months-old and thirty months-old ICR mice were dissected out under anesthesia. Pieces of the tissue taken from the posterior region of the retina were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and were observed under a JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. Observed results were as follows: 1. Retinae of one week old mouse exhibit that some parts of the pigment cell provided with basal foldings, whereas other parts of the one contain without basal foldings. After (ive weeks-old, all retinal pigment cells have the basal infoldings. 2. In the one week-old, stage 1 and stage 2 melanosomes were observed in the retinal pigments cells, but after five weeks-old, most of the retinal pigment cells contain some matured stage melanosomes (stage III and stage IV). 3. The phagosomes in the retinal pigment cells were increased during aging. 4. After eighteen months-old, electron dense materials are observed within the basal infoldings. 5. After eighteen months-old, the thickness of the Bruch's membrane is prominently increased. The thickness of the basal laminae of the pigment cell and the choriocapillary endothelium is more prominently increased as compared with that of the other components of the Bruch's membrane. 6. The thickness of the basal lamina of the pigment cell is more prominently increased as compared with that of the choriocapillary endothelium on aging. From the above results, it was suggested that the pigment cell and Bruch's membrane matures structurally In five weeks, and the function of the pigment cell is prominently suppressed around eighteen months-old, and thereafter the functional suppression is continued on aging.

머리부분에 방사선조사를 받은 흰쥐 샘뇌하수체의 변화에 대한 면역전자현미경적 연구

신기호,박경호,안의태,양남길,고정식 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 과다한 X-선에 머리부분이 노출되었을 때, 샘뇌하수체의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 체중 200-250g의 Sprague Dawley계 숫흰쥐를 실험동물로 사용하였으며, 정상군과 방사선조사군으로 나누었다, 방사선조사군은 조사량에 따라 3,000 rad 조사군과 6,000 rad조사군으로 나누어, 방사선 조사후 6시간, 2일 및 6일 후에 도살하여 조직을 절취하였다. 방사선조사는 흰쥐를 sodium thiopental로 마취한 후 방사선선형가속기(Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV)를 사용하여 머리부위를 조사하였다. 조사조건은 조사거리 80 cm, 조사구역 30 cm X 30 cm, 조사깊이 1.2 cm(100% skin dose)였으며, 분당 200 rad씩 조사하였다. 샘뇌하수체는 1% glutaraldehyde- 1% paraformaldehyde액으로 일차 고정한후, 2% osmium tetroxide액에 이차고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 alcohol과 acetone으로 탈수한 후 araldite혼합액에 포매하였다. 포매된 조직은 , LKB-V ultratome으로 60-70nm두께의 절편을 작성하여 300 mesh nickel grid에 붙인 다음 젖샘자극호르몬과 성장자극호르몬에 대한 단독면역염색 및 이중면역염색을 시행하였다. 면역염색이 끝난 절편은 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate로 염색한후, JEM 100CX-Ⅱ 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 젖샘자극호르몬분비세포는 불규칙한 모양을 한 큰 분비과립(300-700 nm)을 가진 성숙세포, 크기가 다양한 둥근 분비과립(150-200 nm)을 가진 중간 세포와 크기가 작은 둥근 분비과립(100-150 nm)을 가진 미성숙세포로 나눌 수 있었다. 2. 성장자극호르몬분비세포는 크고 둥근 분비과립(200-500 nm)을 가진 제 1 형 세포와 상대적으로 작고 둥근 분비과립 (150-200 nm)을 가진 제 Ⅱ형 세포로 나눌 수 있었다. 3. 방사선 조사후 6 시간군에서 3,000 rad에서는 큰 변화가 없었고, 6,000 rad에서는 사립체와 과립형질내세망의 수조 확장이 관찰되었다. 방사선 조사후 2일군에서는 큰 변화가 없었으며, 6일군에서는 핵막구조의 확장이 관찰되었다. 4. 세포의 종류도 젖샘자극호르몬분비세포는 3,000 rad 조사군과 6,000 rad 조사군 모두 2일군에서는 성숙형이 감소하고 중간형과 미성숙형이 자주 관찰되었으며, 6일군에서는 정상군과 같은 분포양상을 보였으나 분비과립의 금입자표지가 감소한 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 성장자극호르몬분비세포에서는 뚜렷한 세포형이 분포변화는 관찰할 수 없었으나 금입자표지의 감소는 나타났다. 5. 방사선조사후 6시간군에서 부터 mammosomatography가 나타났는데, 한 세포 내에 젖샘자극호르몬과 성장자극호르몬을 지닌 분비과립이 함께 존재하였으며, 세포의 모양은 다핵세포의 형태를 하고 있는 것과 불규칙한 모양을 한 것이 있었는데, 이와같은 결과는 방사선조사 후 샘뇌하수체의 기능저하에 따른 보상작용으로 나타난 현상이라 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 보아 방사선 조사를 받은 초기에는 분비과립의 방출이 과다하게 일어나며, 방사선 조사의 영향으로 세포질소기관의 기능이 약화되어 6일이 지나면 샘뇌하수체의 호르몬분비능력이 저하되는 것 같다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological changes of the adenohypophysis of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and X-ray irradiation groups. The heads of rat were exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose. X-ray source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. Only the heads of animals were exposed at the distance of 80 cm, within the area of 30 X 30 cm, in the depth of 1 cm, with the speed of 200 rad/min. Animals of X-ray irradiation group were sacrificed on 6 hours, 2 days and 6 days after the irradiation. Tissue blocks of adenohypophysis were fixed in the 1% glutaraldehyde - 1% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by refixation in the 2% osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydradted blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB V ultrotome, and ultrathin sections were places on bare nickel grid(200 mesh). The section-bearing grids were floated upside down on the solutions in a moisture chamber at room temperature. Sections were single immunostained or double immunostained for prolactin and/or growth hormone. And the sections were jet washed with distilled water. The immunostained sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed with JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Three types of the prolactin cells according to their size and shape of secretory granules were found; mature type cells contained large pleomorphic secretory granules(above 500 nm). intermediate type cells contained round granules of varying size(200-250 nm), and immature type cells contained small round granules(100 nm). 2. Two types of the growth hormone cells according to their size of secretory granules were found: type I cells contained large round secretory granules(200-300 nm) and type II cells contained small granules(100-200 nm). 3. Six hours after the irradiation, adenohypophysis showed swollen cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum and alterations of mitochondrial cristae, but only in doses of 6.000 rads. 4. Adenohypopysis showed decrease in number of mature type prolactin cells on 2 days after irradiatin, and recovered number of mature typer prolactin cell. but their immunoreactiveity were gradually decreased following the irradiation, as compared with that in normal adenohypophysis. 5. Six hours after the irradiation, mammosomatotrophs were found to contain prolactin and growth hormone within different granules each other. Some cells were multinucleated, and some cells exhibited irregular cytoplasmic processes. Summarizing the above results, adenohypophysis rapidly released the secretory granules after the irradiation, and cell organelles of prolactin cells and growth hormone cells were altered or degenerated. It means that adenohypophysis decreased its hormone producing activity on 6 days after irradiation.

전신마취제가 마우스의 장크롬친화세포에 미치는 영향

고정식,김재창,박종환 中央醫學社 1974 中央醫學 Vol.27 No.4

This experiment was performed to study morphological responses of enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum and colon of mice under the general anesthesia. Eighty healthy adult mice weighing about 20g each were divided into two groups; normal and anesthetized. General anesthetics used in this experiment were diethyl ether, chloroform, and halothane as inhalation anesthetics, and thiopental and propanidid as injection anesthetics. Inhalation anesthesia was done by open drop method and injection anesthesia was maintained in surgical anesthesia by a single intraperitoneal injection of 2. 5mg in cases of thiopental and by a initial intraperitoneal injection of 10mg and maintenance dose of 5mg every 15 minutes in cases of propanidid. Anesthetized animals were sacrificed on the 30th minutes, 1st and 2nd hour after the induction. Mucosal specimens from the duodenum and the colon of all the experimental mice were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, embedded. In paraffin wax, sectioned at a thickness of 6 p, and impregnated by Masson-Hamperl's silvering method. The numerical changes of enterochromaffin cells were compared with the numbers of the cells counted in mucosae of 3.0mm width and 6 ,a thickness, and the changes of granularity of the cells were evaluated semiquantitatively by the granulation index, arithmetically weighted to 3-cell types classified according to the degree of granularity of the cells. The results were as follows: 1) In the normal duodenal mucosae, granulation cell index and enterochromaffin granulation index of enterochromaff in cells were 40. 9±7. 90, 79.8±16.09, respectively and in the colonic mucosae, 33. 4±4. 24, 67. 6±3. 86, respectively. 2) Under general anesthesia, there were little changes in granulation cell index and enterochromaffin granulation index and also noticeable changes in shape and distribution of the cell and in distribution of their specific granules were not observed. 3) Judging from the above findings, the enterochromaffin ceIIs were little affection under the general anesthesia.

흰쥐 샘뇌하수체의 면역전자현미경적 연구 : 젖샘자극호르몬 분비세포와 성장자극호르몬 분비세포

하상선,박경호,양남길,안의태,고정식 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 흰쥐 샘뇌하수체의 세포형태를 밝히기 위하여 이중면역금입자표지법을 이용하였다. 체중 200-250g의 Sprague Dewley계 숫흰쥐를 실험동물로 사용하였다. ether로 마취된 후 뇌하수체전엽을 적출하여 1% glutaraldehyde- 1% paraformaldehyde액으로 일차고정하였으며, 2% osmium tetroxide액에 이차고정하였다. 고정이 끝난 조직은 alcohol과 propylene oxide로 탈수한 후 araldite혼합액에 포매하였다. 포매된 조직은 LKB-V ultratome으로 60-70cm두께의 얇은 절편을 작성하여 300 mesh nickel grid에 붙인 다음 면역염색 및 이중면역금입자표지법을 시행하였다. 젖샘자극호르몬에 대한 면역염색은 sodium m-periodate로 45분간 처리한 다음, 비특이적 면역반응을 제거하기 위해서 bovine serum albumin(BSA, Sigma) 1% 용액을 사용하였으며, 완충용액으로는 Tris buffered saline, pH 8.2(TBS; 20mM Tris buffered + 20mM NaCl + 0.01% sodium azide)을 사용하였다. 일차항체는 rabbit anti ovine prolactin(ICN Chemicals)을 1 : 3,000으로 희석하여 사용하였으며, 이차항체는 biotin이 표시된 goat anti rabbit Ig G(희석비율 1 : 500, Amersham)을 사용하였고, 금입자표지는 streptavidin gold(희석비율 1 : 100, 10nm, Amersham)을 사용하였다. 성장자극호르몬에 대한 면역염색은 sodium m-periodate로 45분간 처리한 다음, 완충용액으로는 phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4(0.01M)을 사용하였다. 비특이적 반응을 줄이기 위하여 100mM ammonium chloride로 처리한 후 rabbit anti human growth hormone(BioGenex)을 1 : 40으로 희석하여 면역 반응을 시킨후, protein A-gold(희석비율 1 : 50, 5 nm, BioCell)로 금입자표지를 하였다. 이중면역염색은 Bendayan(1982)의 방법을 변형하여 시행하였는데, grid의 한쪽 면은 젖샘분비자극호르몬의 항체, 다른 쪽 면은 성장자극호르몬의 항체로 반응시켰다. 면역염색이 끝난 절편은 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate로 염색한 후 JEM 100 CX-Ⅱ 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 흰쥐 샘뇌하수체를 이중면역금입자표지법을 이용하여 젖샘자극호르몬분비세포는 3종류, 성장자극호르몬세포는 2종류로 구분할 수 있었다. 1. 젖샘자극호르몬분비세포는 불규칙한 모양을 한 큰 분비과립(300-700 nm)을 가진 성숙세포, 크기가 다양한 둥근 분비과립(150-200 nm)을 가진 중간 세포와 크기가 작은 둥근 분비과립(100-150 nm)을 가진 미성숙세포로 나눌 수 있었다. 2. 성장자극호르몬분비세포는 크고 둥근 분비과립(200-500 nm)을 가진 제 1 형 세포와 상대적으로 작고 둥근 분비과립 (150-200 nm)을 가진 제 Ⅱ형 세포로 나눌 수 있었다. 3. 젖샘자극호르몬과 성장자극호르몬이 한 세포내에 함께 존재하는 경우는 관찰 할 수 없었다. This experiment was aimed at clarifying immunocytochemical characteristics of growth hormone cells and prolactin cells in male rat adenohypophysis, using double immunogold method. Under ether anestehesia, male rats weighing 200-250 gm were decapitated. Adenohypophysis were fixed in the 1% glutaraldehyde - 1% paraformaldehyde solution. followed by refixation in the 2%osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydrated blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB V ultrotome, and ultrathin sections were placed on nickel rid(300 mesh). The section-bearing grids were floated upside down on th esolutions in a moisture chamber at room temperature. Sections were etched with a saturated solution of sodium m-periodate for 45 min. Aftr etching. sections were pretreated with 0.02M Tris buffered saline(TBS), pH 8.4, with 1% bovine serum albumin(BSA, Sigma) for 60 min, then treated with rabbit anti-sheep prolactin(ICN incubated 60 min in biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG(Amersham) diluted 1:100 in TBS with 0.1% BSA. Then sections were incubated on streptavidin gold rinsed with TBS with 0.1% BSA. After each step, the grids were briefly rinsed with TBS with 0.1% BSA. After the streptavidin gold step, the sections were jet washed with distilled water. According to Bendayan(1982) method, the opposite side of the grid was etched with saturated solutin of sodium m-periodate for 45 min. Aftr etching, sections were treated with 0.01M phosphate buffered saline(PBS), pH 7.4, with 0.1% BSA and 0.1M ammonium chloride for 60 min, then treated with rabbit anti-human growth hormone(BioGenex) diluted 1:40 in PBS with 0.1% BSA for overnight. Grids were incubated 60 min in protein A-gold(5 nm, BioCell) diluted 1:50 in PBS with 0.1% BSA. The sections were jet washed with distilled water. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follow: Three types of prolactin cells and two types of growth hormone cells of the rat adenohypophysis were recognized by double immunogold electron microscopy. 1. Matrue prolactin cells are characterized by irregulary shaped large secretory granules (300-700 nm): intermediate type cells contain round granules of varying sizes(150-200 nm): and immature type cells have small round secretory granules(100-150 nm). 2. Type I growth hormone cells are characterized by large round secretory granules(200-500 nm): type II growth hormone cells are characterized by large round secretory granules(150-200 nm). 3. In the male rat adenohypophysis double immunogold labeled with 10 nm gold particles for prolactin and with 5 nm gold particles for growth hormone proved that growth hormone and prolactin were not contained in the same cell at the same time.

기술경쟁, 기술협력 그리고 APEC 테크노마트

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 한국전자정보통신산업진흥회 1995 電子振興 Vol.15 No.4

기획특집- 석유산업의 환경변화와 지속발전 전략 | 석유산업에 바란다

고정식,Go, Jeong-Sik 대한석유협회 2006 석유와 에너지 Vol.2006 No.9