중국 시진핑 정권의 권력구조와 종교정책에 관한 연구

고영은(Young-Eun Ko) 영남신학대학교 2019 신학과 목회 Vol.51 No.-

Xi-Jinping, a President of China following Hu-Jintao, has strived to strengthen China further through the market economy while also strengthening the rule of the communist party under the idea of Chinese Dream. The method of ruling in China experienced many changes around the year of 1978. From 1949 till 1976, Mao Zedong established the People`s Republic of China and ruled China for the socialist revolution. He monopolized the power to achieve the ideal goal of the communist party, and even justified violence as a legitimate means in execution of such goal. Deong Xiaoping, appeared after the death of Mao Zedong in 1978, changed the society of China by introducing the market economy through the reform and opening policy of China. The political system of Xi-Jinping administration takes the nature of the communist system of Mao Zedong, espoused Marx-Leninism, while adopting the capitalist market economy of Deong Xiaoping to make China stronger. In the meantime, Xi-Jinping administration has strengthened the military power to accomplish `Chinese Dream` as well as the control over its economy and society. This dual structure of China has emerged as a cause of stagnation and social instability due to the strong social control of the communist party in the times of Xi-Jinping. Based on the four theories of the political system of D. Shambaugh, the society of China in this era, of Xi-Jinping can be classified as hard authoritarianism, and the changes brought to the internal society of China due to the hard authoritarianism could lead to strong control over the church of China (except for The Three-Self Church). The change in China`s perception of religion, caused by the reformation and open policies of China, led to the changes in the perception of religion, made by ‘Five Principles of Religion’ of China. However, Xi-Jinping administration is trying to have the strong control over possible threats to the community party of China, including Christianity, NGO, and Internet. This control policy is one of strategies to consolidate the communistparty- oriented ruling system of China, which is the foundation of Xi- Jinping administration. In addition, the strategies of Xi-Jinping administration built upon the traditional culture of China have the strategic intension of eliminating the threatening factors through the strong control and suppression over the religion and culture came from the west. Such religious and cultural policies of China could cause a significant crisis in the missionary works of Korean church in China. Therefore, the Chinese church and the missionary in China should carefully observe the pressure of the international society inflicted on China and changes in China, caused by the trade conflict between the US and China, along with the future economic crisis of China. According to D. Shambaugh, the persistence of strong political over the religion, human rights, media, economic and political spheres, could aggravate the economy of China while causing severe social issues, and consequently, it could lead to the decline of the communist party of China. Thus, ‘hard authoritarianism’ of the administration of China could bring a new chance for the missionary in China despite that it might inflict a great difficulty to the church of China for a short period.

국내 연기금 투자성과의 분해: 전략적 자산배분, 전술적 자산배분, 자산선택

고영은 ( Young-eun Ko ),정재만 ( Jay M. Chung ) 한국재무관리학회 2020 財務管理硏究 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구에서는 2010~2015년, 20개 국내 연기금의 연간 투자 성과를 전략적 자산배분(Strategic Asset Allocation, SAA), 전술적 자산배분(Tactical Asset Allocation, TAA), 자산선택(Asset Selection, AS)으로 분해하였다. 국내 연기금의 총수익률은 연평균 3.69%이었으며, SAA 3.60%, TAA -0.12%, AS 0.21%로 분해되어, SAA가 총수익률에서 97.69%를 차지하였다. 특정 연기금의 SAA가 다른 연기금과 차이를 가짐으로써 SAA의 성과를 개선시키는지 살펴보기 위해 SAA를 ASAA(Average Strategic Asset Allocation, 평균비중 전략적 자산배분), 유형 개선 전략적 자산배분(Group Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation, GESAA), 기금 개선 전략적 자산배분(Fund Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation, FESAA)로 추가 분해하였다. ASAA는 3.58%, FESAA는 0.02%로 ASAA가 총수익률의 97.22%를 차지하였다. 이상의 결과는 연기금 투자성과의 대부분은 다른 연기금의 평균비중 SAA로 전략적 자산배분을 하더라도 달성할 수 있으며, 투자성과를 개선하기 위해서 TAA는 소극적으로 운용하고, AS는 TAA에 비해서는 상대적으로 적극적 운용의 여지가 있음을 시사한다. We decompose the annual investment performance of 20 Korean pension and public funds in 2010-2015 into Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA), Tactical Asset Allocation (TAA), and Asset Selection (AS). The annual total return of pension and public funds in Korea is 3.69%, and it is decomposed into SAA 3.60%, TAA -0.12%, and AS 0.21%. SAA return accounts for 97.69% of the annual total return. We further decompose SAA into ASAA (Average Strategic Asset Allocation), GESAA (Group Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation), and FESAA (Fund Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation) to see if a particular fund improves performance by taking a different strategic asset allocation from average fund. ASAA is 3.58% and FESAA 0.02%, and ASAA accounts for 97.22% of the total annual return. These results suggest that most of the investment performance of pension and public funds can be achieved by following the average SAA of other funds, and TAA should be managed passive and AS could be managed relatively active to improve investment performance.

ADAMS를 이용한 상시 4륜 구동 차량의 운동 해석

고영은(Young.E.Ko),오태일(Tae.I.Oh) 한국자동차공학회 1997 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.6_2

The full-time 4WD(four-wheel-drive) vehicle which has a device to equalize the angular velocities of front and rear wheels always drives the whole wheels, while the conventional 4WD vehicle can drive four wheels by selection of the 4WD mode. The viscous coupling in full-time 4WD vehicle links the front propeller shaft to the rear one to rotate together, as well as permits them to have different revolution speeds in some ranges of the fluid friction. The ADAMs full vehicle model including the viscous coupling and the speed controller has been built to know the behavior of the full-time 4WD vehicle, and to verify the performance of the dynamic characteristics of it. Some simulation results of the acceleration and the cornering maneuver show that the full-time 4WD vehicle can improve stability and driveability in comparison with the conventional one.<br/>

Time-Slot을 이용한 UWB 시스템의 전송율 개선에 관한 연구

고영은(Young Eun Ko),방성일(Sung Il Bang) 대한전자공학회 2002 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.11

신형 아반테 서스펜션 개발

고영은(Young Eun Ko),박영욱(Young Wook Park),조영건(Young Gun Cho),김중주(Jung Ju Kim),이언구(Un Koo Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper introduces a newly developed suspension system for new Elantra model of Hyundai Motor Company which will be on the market this year. The new chassis of Elantra has been developed to give more driving pleasure and confidence to a driver. To achieve these driving targets, the suspension has been changed and finely adjusted to achieve better ride and handling performance compared with the previous generation. Especially, a new multi-link suspension which has two upper links has been developed. The kinematics and compliance characteristics have been contrasted to those of the previous model. Also, the crashworthiness and package efficiency has been considered without limitation of suspension performance. Based on the customer's voice of market, the suspension of new Elantra has tried to fit the all kind of the customer's demand.

한의학적 활용을 위한 임피던스 심장기록법의 연구동향

고영일 ( Young-il Ko ),이현수 ( Hyon-soo Lee ),박영재 ( Young-jae Park ),박영배 ( Young-bae Park ) 대한한의진단학회 2006 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.10 No.2

Objectives: To review the method, validity and reliability of Impedance Cardiography and to study its oriental medical application. Method: The papers reviewed in this study were searched through internet search engines such as Springer, Science Direct, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Conclusion: In this study, the methodological limitations, validity and reliability of impedance cardiography were examined. Impedance Cardiography is recognized as a highly accurate non-invasive tool to assess hemodynamic parameters. The ability of impedance cardio-graphy to assess hemodynamic parameters in non-invasive way is very suitable for researches on the effect of oriental medical therapeutics or the validation of oriental medical diagnostic.

중국의 중의학적 심조항도(心阻抗圖) 연구 동향

고영일 ( Young-il Ko ),이현수 ( Hyon-soo Lee ),박영재 ( Yong-jae Park ),박영배 ( Young-bae Park ) 대한한의진단학회 2008 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

Object : The purpose of this study is to the review recent 20 years chinese achievements on the use of impedance cardiography for chinese medicine. Methods : From the China Journal Full Text Database we searched papers on the use of impedance cardiography for chinese medicine by the keyword "心阻抗圖". Results : The researches are summarized into 3 parts. (1) the researches on the relationship between the parameters of impedance cardiography and the chinese medical diagnoses; pulse diagnosis and tongue inspection. (2) the researches on the objective assessment using impedance cardiography for the effects of chinese medical therapy. (3) the researches on the objective evaluation index of Heart Deficiency Syndrome using impedance cardiography. Conclusion : The parameters of impedance cardiography has been established for its usefulness in various chinese medical researches.

호흡 제어에 따른 임피던스 심장도와 지첨용적맥파에 관한 연구

고영일 ( Young-il Ko ),박영배 ( Young-bae Park ),박영재 ( Young-jae Park ),이현수 ( Hyon-soo Lee ) 대한한의진단학회 2007 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

Purpose: We performed this study to examine the effect of controlled respiration on cardiovascular system in healthy adult subjects using impedance cardiography and photo-plethysmography. Materials and Methods: This study had performed on 74 subjects, which were healthy men and women without a experience of respiration practice. Using the instruments for impedance cardiography and photoplethysmography, parameters of each subject had been measured after each controlled respirations which were natural respiration, controlled natural respiration (I:E=1.1.6), longer inspiration(I:E=3:3), and longer expiration(I:E=2:4). The measured parameters of impedance cardiography and photoplethysmography were processed statistically by one-way repeated ANOVA. Results: 1. HR and CI of impedance cardiography were decreased significantly during controlled respiration comparing with the result of basal state(the state of enough break). There was no significant difference among the results of controlled respiration. 2. PEP of impedance cardiography had no significant difference among the result of basal state and the results of controlled respiration(p=0.059). 3. VI of impedance cardiography had significant differences among the result of basal state and the results of controlled respiration, and decreased continuously through the controlled respiration. 4. b/a of photoplethysmography had no significant difference among the result of basal state and the results of controlled respiration(p=0.554). 5. c/a of photoplethysmography were decreased significantly during controlled respiration comparing with the result of basal state. There was no significant difference among the results of controlled respiration. 6. d/a of photoplethysmography had significant differences among the results of the controlled respiration decreasing continuously through the controlled respiration and had no significant difference between the result of basal state and the result of natural respiration. 7. AGI of photoplethysmography had significant differences among the result of basal state and the results of the controlled respiration increasing continuously through the controlled respiration. Conclusion: We had examined the effects of controlled respirations on cardiovascular system in multiple points of view. The effects of controlled respirations on cardiovascular system can`t be explained in a simple way, as the cardiovascular system is controlled by many factors. Therefore, more physiological parameters must be measured in the future study on the effect of the controlled respiration on human cardiovascular system.

Dextran Sodium Sulfate로 대장염을 유도한 흰쥐에서 캐피어 원말의 장보호 효과

고영은(Ko Young Eun),김미경(Kim Mi Kyoung),조한영(Cho Han Young),이인영(Lee In Young),이선영(Ly Sun Yung) 韓國營養學會 2008 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.41 No.5

캐피어 원말은 유산균, 효모, 다당 및 여러 영양성분을 다량 함유하고 있으며 장기능 개선 효능을 살펴보기 위하여 3주령의 수컷 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley)를 4군으로 나누어 정상대조군 (N군), DSS투여 대조군 (DC군)과 두 군의 캐피어 투여군으로 하여 대조군 사료와 캐피어 원말을 각각 1.5%와 3.0% 혼합한 사료로 3주간 사육하였다. 이 후 DSS 투여 대조군과 캐피어 투여군들에 5일간 2% DSS 음용수 동일한 양을 투여하여 경미한 대장염을 유도하였다. 대장염 유도 후 희생하여 소장 단백질 및 DNA 함량, 혈장 및 결장의 조직검사와 결장조직에서 TBARS와 MPO 활성, 혈장 백혈구에서의 DNA 손상 정도를 측정하였다. 실험 자료는 Windows용 SPSS package program version12.0을 이용하여 통계 처리하였고, 네 군간의 평균값의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 일원배치 분산분석 (one-way ANOVA)을 한 후, Duncan’s multiple range test로 변인간의 차이를 검증하였다. DSS 투여군 들에서 변 수분함량이 증가하고 음용수 섭취량이 증가하는 경향과 함께 결장의 조직검사 결과 DSS 투여군에서는 염증과 부종 증상을 관찰할 수 있었으며 식이무게의 3% 캐피어 원말 투여군에서는 재생성 변화를 볼 수 있었다. DSS를 투여받은 군들의 소장 점막 단백질 함량은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 캐피어 3.0% 식이섭취한 군들에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 DNA 함량에서는 차이를 볼 수 없었다. DSS 투여군에서는 결장조직의 TBARS 값이 유의적으로 증가하였으며 캐피어 투여군에서는 감소하였으나 캐피어 투여 용량에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 혈장 TBARS와 결장조직의 MPO 활성은 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. DSS 투여군에서는 혈액 백혈구 DNA의 tail length가 유의하게 증가하였으며 캐피어투여군에서는 감소하였다. 따라서 약 4주간 캐피어 원말의 투여는 2%의 DSS로 경미한 대장염을 유도한 흰쥐에서 결장 조직의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 저항력을 증가시켜 대장점막을 보호할 수 있는 기능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Probiotics have emerged as a potential treatment modality for numerous gastrointestinal disorders, including IBD. However, few probiotics have undergone appropriate preclinical screening in vivo. Kefir is considered a probiotic, benefiting the host through its effects in the intestinal tract. Despite numerous studies examining the action of probiotics on the host organism, few have analyzed the effects on intestinal environment. We assessed the protective effect of kefir for three weeks before inducing colitis with 2% dextran sodium sulfate for five days. The DSS loads were similar in all DSS treatment group. The results of the experiment are as follows. Food intake and FER of experimental groups were not significantly different each other, but water consumption tended to be higher in all DSS treatment groups as compared with the normal control. And visual inspection of feces revealed mild diarrhea in rat given 2% DSS. The anti-inflammatory activity of kefir was determined by myeloperoxidase activity during the DSS treatment, and there was no significant difference in any group. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as a colonic lipid peroxidation were significantly lower in the kefir intake groups than in rats treated with 2% DSS alone. The DNA % in tail and tail moment values as a DNA damage level of the blood lymphocytes in kefir intake groups tended to be lower than 2% DSS treatment alone, especially tail lengths were significantly diminished. According to the colonic histopathological assay, there were a severe inflammation of lamina propria and submucosa and mild edema in mucosa and sub mucosa in DSS alone treated group. We found a slight regenerative change in kefir treatment groups. In our experiments, this means that ulcerative colitis related to oxidative injury might be prevented by kefir as a probiotic. Further studies of the potential benefits of kefir as a probiotic in inflammatory condition are encouraged. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(5): 391 ~ 401)

4WS 차량의 안정성 제어

고영은(Young Eun Ko),송철기(Chul Ki Song) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3