英語의 冠詞体系에 関한 硏究

高景煥(Kyung-hwan Ko) 미래영어영문학회 1983 영어영문학 Vol.- No.3

Corner Outlier Artifacts를 감소시키기 위한 HEVC 필터링 방법

고경환(Kyung-hwan Ko),이영렬(Yung-Lyul Lee) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2017 방송공학회논문지 Vol.22 No.3

광범위 회전근 개 파열의 관절경하 부분 봉합술의 임상적 결과

유재철(Jae-Chul Yoo),고경환(Kyung-Hwan Ko),우경제(Kyung-Jea Woo) 대한견주관절의학회 2009 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.12 No.2

목적: 거대 및 광범위 회전근 개 파열은 치료하기 어려운 질환이나 회전근개에 대한 이해가 높아짐에 따라 완전봉합은 불가능하여도 부분 봉합 또는“force couple repair”를 통해서도 통증 및 기능호전을 가져올 수 있다고 여겨진다. 그러나 이를 뒷받침하는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 회전근개의 부분봉합술만을 시행한 환자들에서의 임상결과와 방사선학적 변화를 평가하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 6월에서 2008년 2월까지 거대 범위에서 광범위 회전근 개 파열에 대해 부분 봉합을 시행 받고 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 16예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 27.3개월 (15~46)이었고 수술 시 평균 연령은 66.6세 (57~76)였으며 성별은 남자가 7명, 여자가 9명 이었다.동통과 기능에 대한 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)을 수술 전 후에 비교하였으며 견관절 기능 평가는 American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score와 Korean Shoulder Scoring system (KSS)을 통해 시행하였다. 술 전 및 술 후에 견관절의 방사선검사를 통해 견봉-상완골 간격 및 퇴행성 변화의 진행 여부를 평가하였다. 결과: 동통에 대한 VAS 점수는 술 전 평균 4.4 (±2.50)에서 2.1 (±2.26)로 감소하였고 (p=0.0029) 기능에 대한 VAS 점수는 술 전 46.9 (±16.64)에서 70.0 (±22.80)로 호전된 양상 관찰되었다 (p=0.0023). 견관절 기능 평가인 ASES 점수는 술 전 평균 39.0 (±10.80)에서 80.3 (±16.78)로 증가하였고 (p<0.0001), KSS 점수는 술 후 평균 81.9 (±16.74)로 관찰되었다. 술 전 6.6 cm (±1.74)의 견봉-상완골 간격은 술 후 6.2 cm (±1.69)로 의미 있는 변화가 없었다 (p=0.3874). Hamada classification을 이용한 견관절의 퇴행성 변화 역시 술 전에 비해 술 후에 통계학적으로 진행하지 않았다 (p=0.2663). 만족도에 있어 3명의 환자에서 매우 좋음, 9명의 환자에서 좋음, 3명의 환자가 보통, 그리고 1명의 환자에서 불량을 표시하였다. 또한 추시 기간 동안 추가적인 수술을 시행한 환자는 없었다. 결론: 완전 봉합이 불가능한 광범위 회전근개 파열 환자에 대해서 부분 봉합술 (force couple repair)를 통해서 술 후 평균 2.3년 (15~46개월)에 좋은 임상결과를 가져올 수 있었으며, 견봉-상완골 간격도 의미 있는 변화가 없었으며 관절와 상완관절의 퇴행성 변화 역시 통계학적으로 진행하지 않았다. Purpose: With the better understanding of cuff function, partial repair or “force couple repair” for treating massive irreparable rotator cuff tear has gained some popularity. However, there were few reports on the results of partial repair. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcome of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears who received arthroscopic force-couple repair or partial repair. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to Feb 2008, arthroscopic partial repairs were performed for 16 irreparable rotator cuff tears among the 101 large to massive rotator cuff tears that were operated on. Clinical and radiographic evaluation were done at the final follow-up Results: There were 7 men and 9 women with a mean age of 66.6 years. The mean follow-up period was 27.3 month (range: 15-46). The pain VAS improved from 4.4 (±2.50) to 2.1 (±2.26) and the functional VAS improved from 46.9 (±16.64) to 70.0 (±22.80). The ASES score improved from 39.0 (±10.80) to 80.3 (±16.78) and the KSS score was 81.9 (±16.74) at the final follow-up. The acromio-humeral distance was 6.6 cm (±1.74) preoperatively and 6.2 cm (±1.69) postoperatively without significant change (p=0.3874). The degenerative changes had no statistically progressed (p=0.2663). Conclusion: Partial repair for massive rotator cuff injury patients showed improvement in the clinical score without progression of arthritic change at a mean of 2.3 years follow-up.

일상적인 지진 안전 대응 수준 측정

이왕기 ( Wang-gi Lee ),고경환 ( Kyung-hwan Ko ),손기상 ( Ki-sang Son ) 대한설비관리학회 2017 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.22 No.2

There have been a lots of earthquake occurrences in 2016, in Kyungju, Woolsan and the other places in Korea. This means that have to keep some considerations of the life safety all the times because the earthquake can occur without any notice in our life at home, at work, at leisure time, at train or subway. Questionnaire survey sheet has been made of the items such as walking, at work, at leisure, to find out how much persons have prepared physically and mentally against it ourr life, in advance. The questions are made of how much they are ready to evacuate and how much they understand what to do in face of earthquake occurrence in front of themselves. Frequency analysis has been made first and then it is concluded how to do, what to do as a citizen or as a person, individually.

英語進行形의 用法과 意味

高景煥 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.1

The Study is to investigate the various uses of the progressive in English, and to find out the possibility of the progressive of the verbs in English, especially of the stative verbs with special emphasis on their semantic interpretation. In this study the following conclusions are arrived at: We have learned under traditional school grammar that the progressive in English is used to indicate 'the action or state being in progress, This remark seems to be quite right at first glance. But the careful investigation of the date(ie. English progressive sentences)will reveal that this remark is not so conclusive. A grammar for a language must express the linguistically significant generalizations about the language. In reality the progressive in English is used much more broadly. That is, it is used for (1) actual present, (2) incompletion, (3) limited duration, (4) speaker's emotional coloring, and (5) activity in the future. The most important thing to remember about the progressive in English is that it is used when the action or state expressed by the progressive is continued only through a limited period of time. It also indicates that the action or state terminates sonner or later. The time span is shorter than that of the simple form. Quirk et al. classifies all the verbs in English into two major categories: dynamic verbs and stative verbs. Of the two only dynamic verbs can be used in progressives freely with little semantic change. On the other hand, speaking of stative verbs, only a limited number of them are used in progressives with an accompaniment of significant semantic change. Thus it can safely be said that the stative verbs used in progressives may be called dynamic. Especially it must be noted that when the sentences containing the simple form of stative verbs are changed into the progressive sentences, the semantic role played by the subject is also changed. That is to say, the recipient subject is changed into the agentive subject. In dealing with the progressive in English, we must above all consider the semantic interpretation of the verbs involved

英語의 冠詞體系에 關한 硏究

高景煥 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

The writer aims to investigate the so-called English articles with special emphasis on their func-tions and the meanings of nouns used with articles. There are only three articles in English: definite article, indefinite article and zero article. But the articles are actually quite complicated and give a good deal of trouble to the non-native speakers of English. Though these three articles are somewhat overlapped in function, they have their own functions and give definite meanings to the nouns. The definite article the is the weakened form of an old demonstrative now represented by that. In modern English the definite article, when used with nouns, functions in the various ways: (1) generic the, (2) specific the, (3) typical far, the, (4) unique the. In addition to these functions, it plays the role of an adverb when used with the comparatives. The indefinite article a(n) originated from OE an(=one) functions differently from the definite article: (1) numerical a, (2) introductory a, (3) generic a, and (4) classificatory a. Besides, the indefinite article, when used with proper names or mass-words, also gives the special meanings to the nouns. Unlike the use of the definite and indefinite articles, there are cases where nouns can be used with no articles: familiarity, uniqueness, whole genus, names of ordinary meals and names of institutions.

Phenobarbital 및 Prednisolone 前處置가 四鹽化炭素로 因한 肝損傷에 미치는 影響

朴震洪,高敬煥,金裕文 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1974 慶北醫大誌 Vol.15 No.1

Prednisolone 또는 phenobarbital을 前處置한 後 四鹽化炭素를 投與한 白鼠와 四鹽化炭素만을 投與한 白鼠의 血液을 採取하여 肝機能檢査를 實施하고 아울어 이들 藥物로 인한 體重 및 肝의 重量의 變動을 比較하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 體重의 減少는 四鹽化炭素 投與群보다 prednisolone 및 phenobarbital을 前處置한 群에서 더 顯著하였으며 特히 前者에서 더욱 甚했다. 2. 肝의 重量은 四鹽化炭素群 및 prednisolone前處置하고 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서 減少되었으나 phenobarbital을 前處置하고 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서는 오히려 增加하였다. 3. 血淸蛋白分劃上은 prednisolone과 四鹽化炭素 投與群 및 phenobarbital과 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서 α_2의 增加와 γ의 減少를 보였고 phenobarbital 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서 β의 增加를 보였다. 4. Alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, SGOT의 活性은 四鹽化炭素 投與群. phenobarbital 四鹽化炭素 投與群 및 prednisolone 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서 모두 增加되었으나 後者에서 더욱 顯著하였고 SGPT, SGOT活性은 phenobarbital 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서 가장 낮았다. 5. 血淸 cholesterol은 prednisolone 四鹽化炭素 投與群에서 가장 높은 値를 보였다. 6. 以上의 結果에서 prednisolone 前處置는 四鹽化炭素에 起因된 肝臟의 損傷을 惡化시켰으나 phenobarbital 前處置는 損傷을 輕減시킨것으로 생각되었다. Effects of pretreatment with or without prednisolone and phenobarbital on changes in weight and function of liver and body weight were observed in the rats, damaged liver with carbon tetrachloride. 1. Reduction in body weigh caused by carbon tetrachloride were significant by the pretreatment, particularly in that with prednisolone. 2. Weight of the liver were increased by pretreatment with phenobarbital but decreased by prednisolone pretreatment. 3. Pretreatment with prednisolone resulted in an increase of alpha-2 globulin fraction of serum but with phenobarbital increased both in alpha-2 and beta fractions. Fraction of gamma-globulin were decreased in both groups of pretreatment. 4. There were increased activities of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and SGPT in all experimental groups, especially in the group of prednisolone pretreatment. 5. Serum cholesterol levels were elevate in prdnisolone group. The results indicated that carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage was improved by the pretreatment with phenobarbital, but worsened by the pretreatment with prednisolone.

Phenobarbital 및 Prednisolone 前處置가 四鹽化炭素로 因한 胃潰瘍에 미치는 影響

朴震洪,高敬煥,金裕文 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1974 慶北醫大雜誌 Vol.15 No.1

건강기능식품평가체계의 현황과 향후전망

정기화,정나아,김은선,고경환,조덕원,정주희 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2008 藥學論文誌 Vol.19 No.-

Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) posted amendments on November 17, 2008 to include general foods such as cooking oil and soy in the category of health/functional foods. So far, health/functional foods have been restricted to six types― ― tablets, powders, granules, solutions, pills, and capsules, which has been relaxed to any types in the revision of Article 3 (defined) of the law on health/functional foods on March 21, 2008. However, health/functional foods, being manufactured for its efficacy, incur concerns of excessive intake and side effects. To address such concerns the efficacy, standardization and safety of health/functional foods should go through thorough scientific validation process. In addition, the revision on the law relaxing the type of health/functional food may increase the possibility of overdose, which requires to consider both the extra intake from regular diets and from the transformed or side―materials in validating the overall intake. Therefore, health/functional food evaluation system should be improved continuously to ensure safe and reliable products and enable development of related industries, which requires systematic management of the balanced development of industries. Toward the goal, government, academia, and industry should make joint efforts to protect consumers from the hype of commercials and to promote the development of high-value health/functional food industry.