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펄스전류파형을 이용한 Ti 전극위에서 BaTiO<sub>3</sub>박막의 합성
강진욱,탁용석,Kang, Jinwook,Tak, Yongsug 한국공업화학회 1998 공업화학 Vol.9 No.7
$85^{\circ}C$, 0.4 M $Ba(OH)_2$용액내에서 펄스전류파형을 이용하여 Ti전극위에 $BaTiO_3$박막을 전해 합성하였다. 환원전류 밀도 및 환원시간이 증가함에 따라 $BaTiO_3$의 결정성 및 페러데이 효율이 증가하였으며, 이는 표면 및 전기화학적특성 분석에 의하면 환원 전류 인가시에 $H_2O$의 환원에 의하여 전극표면의 pH가 증가함으로서 산화전류에 의하여 형성된 산화막의 구조변화가 빠르게 진행되기 때문으로 추측된다. 그리고 0.1M $H_2SO_4$용액하에서 산화막을 형성시킨 후 $BaTiO_3$형성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 산화막 두께가 증가함에 따라서 산화막을 통한 $Ti^{+4}$이온의 이동이 어려워지면서 $BaTiO_3$형성이 억제되며, 일정두께이상에서는 산화막 결함부위에서 결정이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. $BaTiO_3$ thin film was electrochemically deposited on Ti electrode in a 0.4 M $Ba(OH)_2$ solution of $85^{\circ}C$ using a current pulse waveform. Both $BaTiO_3$ crystallinity and faradaic efficiency for the film formation were enhanced with the increase of cathodic current density and pulse time. Based on the surface analysis and electrochemical studies, it was suggested that, during cathodic pulsed, the surface pH increase due to the reduction of $H_2O$ accelerates the structural changes of Ti oxides which were formed during anodic cycle. Prior to experiments, Ti oxides were intentionally grown in 0.1 M $H_2SO_4$ solution and the effect of initial oxide film thickness on the $BaTiO_3$ film formation was investigated. The migration of $Ti^{+4}$ ions through the oxide film was retarded with the increase of film thickness and it was observed that the crystallization of $BaTiO_3$ was only limited to the defect area of surface oxides.
UCP 600의 개정에 따른 취소가능신용장의 실무적용 가능성
강진욱(Jin-Wook Kang) 한국관세학회 2008 관세학회지 Vol.9 No.4
Commercial letter(s) of credit can be basically divided into two types; irrevocable and revocable. In international trade, almost all of the credits being used at present are irrevocable. So, new UCP has removed the concept of revocable letter of credit from the rules, which means letter of credits are expected to be irrevocable. But, revocable letter of credit have the use of commodity trade that is subject to fluctuations in price in a short period of time, such as crude oil. A revocable letter of credit may still be issued after UCP 600 goes into effect, but at that point it will be more important to make sure the term of revocability are fully spelled out in the letter of credit itself.
신용장 발행은행의 대금 지급 거절에 관한 사례 연구: 일본의 대금지급거절 사례를 중심으로
강진욱(Jin-Wook Kang) 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.1
This paper analyzes the refusal to honour letter of credit transactions of Issuing banks in the through Japanese cases. According to the UCP 600, when a nominated bank acting on its nomination, a confirming bank, if any, or the issuing bank determines that a presentation does not comply with L/C conditions, it may refuse to honour the L/C under negotiation. There are some factors of refusing payment such as fraudulent practices by issuing bank and applicant, misunderstanding of discrepancy. First, if fraud actually arises, it is necessary to settled the dispute settlement procedure or settle the litigation as agreed in the contract. Second, if it is difficult to keep the quality, quantity and weight of the goods constant, if price adjustment occurs depending on the condition of the actual shipping goods, such details should be included in the L/C conditions
우리나라의 수출입신고에 있어서 FOB와 CIF 가격의 변경에 관한 연구
강진욱(Jin-Wook Kang) 한국관세학회 2006 관세학회지 Vol.7 No.2
In recently, international transport system has been changed and developed drastically. Regardless of this change, most of the contract of sale is made by CIF and FOB terms which are based on the traditional port to port transport. For this reason, Export-Import Declaration must be made FOB and CIF Prices in Korea and Japan. But there are some limitation in terms of export-import declaration, export-import statistics in which traditional CIF and FOB price is applied to the changed environment. This paper investigates problems of FOB and CIF prices for the Export-Import Declaration and suggests the change to the FCA and CIP prices instead of FOB and CIF prices.
Incoterms 2010의 개정에 따른 주요내용과 유의점에 관한 연구
강진욱(Jin-Wook Kang) 한국관세학회 2010 관세학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Incoterms have been correctly incorporated into a sales contract, the parties to that contract can clearly ascertain their respective obligation despite their different languages and professional background. and also Incoterms are intended to reflect current international practice. So the ICC, since first appeared in 1936, periodically revised the Incoterms and in 2010, newly revised Incoterms 2010. The purpose of this article is to provide the main contents and implications for newly revised Incoterms 2010. And this article focus on newly changed part, for example, deletion of ship's rail, string sales which is newly added FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF terms and change of D group terms.