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강운석 崇實語文學會 2003 崇實語文 Vol.19 No.-
본 연구는 손창섭 소설에 나타나는 근대성 거부의 특성을 분석하고 있다. 손창섭은 1950년대 문학의 자화상으로 평가받고 있다. 그의 문학적 주제가 절망과 허무 그 자체라는 사실은 1950년대 문학의 본질을 설명해주는 중요한 단서가 된다. 실제로 손창섭 소설의 경우 거의 전 작품에 절망의 고통과 그로 인한 세계에 대한 허무가 뚜렷하게 드러나 있다. 전쟁으로 인한 파괴된 생활과 극도의 가난에서 비롯된 이러한 절망과 허무는 도저히 치유될 수 없는 상태로 소설에 그려진다. 손창섭의 소설들의 경우 인물들은 '무력한 관찰자'에 불과하다고 할 수 있다. 참혹한 전쟁 뒤에도 자신의 이익을 위해 더욱 교활해진 사람들 앞에서 인간성이란 찾아보기 힘들다. 또한 일상은 근대라 불리기 무색할 정도로 폐허에 가깝다. 손창섭 소설의 일상은 삶이 곧 죽음인 극단적 형태를 취하고 있다. 따라서 손창섭에게 일상은 무의미성으로 의미된다. 일상은 단지 또 다른 죽어가는 자아의 확인이기 때문이다. 소설「생활적」의 벌레보다 못한 삶과 소설「미해결의 장」의 무기력한 생활은 그토록 화려할 것 같았던 근대적 일상이 오히려 참혹한 원시의 일상으로 붕괴되어 버린 모습을 잘 나타내고 있다. 하지만 사람들은 오히려 더욱 탐욕스럽게 일상을 살아간다. 이러한 모순된 근대성을 손창섭은 비판적으로 바라보고 있는 것이다. 또한 손창섭은 타자와의 대비를 이미 무의미한 것으로 상정하고 세계와의 대립을 통해 끊임없이 동일성의 문제를 제기한다. 특히 손창섭의 경우는 문학을 사회와 인간과의 부조리한 관계를 드러내주는 기제로 인식하고 있다. 따라서 하지만 세계 대 인간의 무의미한 대립 속에 '나란 무엇인가'하는 지속적인 동일성의 탐구로 이어진다. 결국 그의 소설들은 비현대성, 비문화성, 비일상성의 특성을 갖는 근대성 거부의 미학을 표현하고 있다고 할 수 있다.
강운석,김재윤,우남식,윤태균 대한마취통증의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.66 No.5
Background: The usefulness of dynamic parameters derived by heart-lung interaction for fluid responsiveness in pediatric patients has been revealed. However, the effects of peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) that could affect the absolute values and the accuracy in pediatric patients have not been well established. Methods: Participants were 30 pediatric patients who underwent ventricular septal defect repair. After completion of surgical procedure and sternum closure, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index and stroke volume variation (SVV) were measured at PIP 10 cmH2O (PIP10), at PIP 15 cmH2O (PIP15), at PIP 20 cmH2O (PIP20) and at PIP 25 cmH2O (PIP25). Results: SVV at PIP15 was larger than that at PIP10 (13.7 ± 2.9% at PIP10 vs 14.7 ± 2.5% at PIP15, P < 0.001) and SVV at PIP20 was larger than that at PIP10 and PIP15 (13.7 ± 2.9% at PIP10 vs 15.4 ± 2.5% at PIP20, P < 0.001; 14.7 ± 2.5% at PIP15 vs 15.4 ± 2.5% at PIP20, P < 0.001) and SVV at PIP25 was larger than that at PIP10 and PIP15 and PIP20 (13.7 ± 2.9% at PIP10 vs 17.4 ± 2.4% at PIP25, P < 0.001; 14.7 ± 2.5% at PIP15 vs 17.4 ± 2.4% at PIP25, P < 0.001; 15.4 ± 2.5% at PIP20 vs 17.4 ± 2.4% at PIP25, P < 0.001). Conclusions: SVV is affected by different levels of PIP in same patient and under same volume status. This finding must be taken into consideration when SVV is used to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients.
강운석,김교상,송신미 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.2
Background: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has been used in the treatment of pre-eclampsia, hypertension and arrhythmia. Magnesium enhances the neuromuscular block of rocuronium. This study has been conducted to evaluate the reversal efficacy of sugammadex from deep rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block (NMB) during consistent pretreatment of MgSO4 in rabbits. Methods: Twenty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups, a control group or study groups (50% MgSO4 150–200 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg/h IV), and received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. When post-tetanic count 1–2 appeared, sugammadex 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg was administered in the 2-mg group, control and 4-mg group, and 8-mg group, respectively. The recovery course after reversal of sugammadex administration was evaluated in each group. Results: The mean serum concentration of magnesium was maintained at more than 2 mmol/L in the study groups, and the total dose of MgSO4 was more than 590 mg. The reversal effect of sugammadex on rocuronium-induced NMB in pretreated MgSO4 was not different from that in the group without MgSO4. The recovery time to train-of-four ratio 0.9 after sugammadex administration in the 2-mg group was longer than in the other groups (P < 0.001); there were no other significant differences among the groups. Conclusions: The reversal of sugammadex from a deep rocuronium-induced NMB during large pretreatment of MgSO4 was not affected. However, we should consider that the reversal effect of sugammadex varied depending on the dose.
Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to Aliphatic Acids on Copper and Iron Mixed Oxides
강운석,박현웅 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
The photocatalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> and water into value-added chemicals remains a great challenge. This study shows that uniformly mixed copper and iron oxide bulky heterojunction films are capable of converting CO<sub>2</sub> and water into C1-C6 aliphatic acid anions and O<sub>2</sub> at a solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency close to 3% under simulated sunlight in the absence of any sacrificial chemicals or electrical biases. When the CFO film is simply wired to a Pt foil, C1 and O<sub>2</sub> are produced at a near-stoichiometric ratio at an STC efficiency of ∼ 5% via the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. The CFO films are durable over 1 week and recyclable over 5 weeks under continuous irradiation. Density functional theory computations support the observed selectivity and durability. <sup>**</sup> This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1A2C2002602, 2018R1A6A1A03024962 and 2019R1I1A 1A01059163).