운동과 2,3-DPG(diphosphoglycerate)와의 관계

강성훈(Kang Sung-Hwun),양성우(Yang Sung-woo),이재규(Lee Jae-Gue),박일봉(Park Il-Bong),차유림(Cha Yu-Rim),오경식(Oh Kyung-Sik),여남회(Yeo Nam-Hwoeh) 동아대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2005 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.23 No.-

  2,3-DPG is synthesized from glycolytic intermediates by a pathway known as Rapoport-Luebering shunt. The production of 2,3-DPG depends on the relative amounts of its precursor, 1,3-DPG going into Rapoport-Leubering pathway and into the ATP-forming glycolytic pathway. Its concentration also depends on the rate of hydrolysis of 2,3-DPG The most important function of 2,3-DPG is its effect on the oxygen affinity of Hb. Normal Hb in deoxygenated state can bind 2,3-DPG in a molar ration of 1:1 which results in reduced oxygen affinity of Hb and enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues. In oxygenated state the ability of Hb to bind 2,3-DPG is decreased and most DPG is in free state. As the result the affinity of Hb to oxygen is increased and it binds more of oxygen. Changes in 2,3-DPG levels have important role in adaptation to hypoxia. In anemia and certain hypoximic conditions, 2,3-DPG level in erythrocytes increase and oxygen affinity of Hb is reduced resulting in improved delivery of oxygen to tissues. This study was invested relative in exercise and 2,3-DPG we had a conclusion as follows; 2,3-DPG was increased in anemia, congestive heart failure, heart disease, hyperthyroidism but it was decreased in diabetic. Hypoxia was decreased and extremely exercise was increased.

운동과 Adipokine과의 관계

강성훈(Kang Sung-Hwun),이윤서(Lee Yun-Seo),여남회(Yeo Nam-Hwoeh) 동아대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2006 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.24 No.2

Adipose tissue is a complex, essential, and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ. Besides adipocytes, adipose tissue contains connective tissue matrix, nerve tissue, stromovascular cells, and immune cells. Adipose tissue not only responds to afferent signals from traditional hormone systems and the central nervous system but also expresses and secretes factors with important endocrine functions. Also, adipose tissue is not merely a fat storage depot, but has been recognized as an endocrine organ capable of producing biologically active proteins termed ""adipokines"". Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and adipocyte-derived factors might contribute to or ameliorate obesity-associated pathologies such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, vascular dysfunction and a chronic inflammatory and prothrombotic state. Consequently, insulin resistant and type 2 diabetes is that changes in circulating adipokine levels are involved in the improvement of the metabolic state by moderate exercise time, intensity, frequency.

운동과 AMP-activated protein kinase의 관계

강성훈(Kang Sung-Hwun),차유림(Cha Yu-Rim),여남회(Yeo Nam-Hwoeh) 동아대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2007 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.25 No.-

  2000년 당뇨병 치료의 직접 비용은 약 920억이며, 간접비용은 약 400억 정도로 추정되고 있다(WHO). 다양한 인슐린 치료 또는 대체 복용약이 개발되었고 치료에 활용하고 있으나 새로운 예방과 치료적 전략이 필요하다. 최근 연구들에 따르면, 당뇨병 환자에서 AMPK는 운동 트레이닝의 역할과 관련하여 당뇨병 치료에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 예측되고 있다.<BR>  본 연구는 최근 연구되고 있는 AMPK의 2형 당뇨에 대한 치료적 대사 기전과 운동과의 관련성을 조사하기 위한 것으로 선행 연구들을 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.<BR>  AMPK는 에너지 감각기관 효소이며 몇몇 세포 형성 과정과 대사의 조절에서 중심적인 역할을 한다. 2형 당뇨병, 비만, 이상지질혈증, 고혈압 그리고 허혈성 심장질환과 같은 질병의 치료에서 AMPK 경로는 유용한 것으로 증명 되고 있다. 이러한 AMPK의 대사경로에서 운동 트레이닝의 자극은 흥미를 유발하는 주제가 될 수 있으며, 대사증후군의 개선에 유용한 자료가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.   AMPK is an enzyme that works as a fuel gauge which becomes activated in situations of energy consumption. AMPK functions to restore cellular ATP levels by modifying diverse metabolic and cellular pathways. That is activated during exercise and is involved in contraction-stimulated glucose transport and  fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle. Also, AMPK is an energy-sensing enzyme which plays a central role in the regulation of several metabolic cellular processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting the AMPK pathway could prove useful in the treatment of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. AMPK has an important role in the regulation of exercise capacity and glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Specially, AMPK α2 is necessary for mitochondrial respiration inhibition-induced, but is not essential for hyperosmolarity-induced and contraction-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Therefore, exercise stimulus in pathway of AMPK suggested that is interested induced theme and effect of metabolic syndrome cure.

운동과 EPO(Erythropoietin)와의 관계

강성훈(Kang Sung-Hwun),이재규(Lee Jae-Gue),양성우(Yang Sung-woo),박일봉(Park Il-Bong),차유림(Cha Yu-Rim),오경식(Oh Kyung-Sik),여남회(Yeo Nam-Hwoeh) 동아대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2005 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.23 No.-

  Erythropoietin is produced mainly in the kidney and regulates erythrocyte production. It binds to a cell surface receptor and leads to intracellular activation of several kinase pathways. EPO is a hypoxia-induced hormone that is essential for normal erythropoiesis. The production of recombinant human erythropoietin has revolutionized the treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure and chemotherapy. EPO has similar structure and signaling mechanisms to the family of type I cytokines and is markedly induced by hypoxia. EPO is synthesize by peritubular cells in the cortex-medullary border of the kidney and in the liver during fetal and neonatal development. A variety of other tissues have been reported to express erythropoietin including bore marrow macrophages, trophoblasts, breast glands, and astrocytes.<BR>  Therefore, This study was invested relative in exercise and EPO, we had a conclusion as follows; 1) EPO is useful on polycythemia in test. 2) In patients with chronic renal insufficiency, r-HuEPO has also been shown to improve exercise capacity. 3) EPO has similar structure type I cytokines and induced by hypoxia.

고지방식이로 유도된 비만 마우스의 트레드밀 운동이 중추와 말초조직에서 ECS에 미치는 영향

강성훈 ( Sung Hwun Kang ),여남회 ( Nam Hwoeh Yeo ),우상헌 ( Sang Heon Woo ),신기옥 ( Ki Ok Shin ),장기성 ( Ki Seong Jang ),배주용 ( Ju Yong Bae ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2013 체육과학연구 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 고지방 식이로 유도한 비만 마우스를 대상으로 규칙적인 운동과 식이변화에 따른 중추와 말초 조직에서 Endocannabinoid system(ECS)의 주요 구성인자인 monoglyceride lipase(MGL), fatty acid amidohydrolase(FAAH)의 변화와 그 수용체의 활성수준을 살펴보고, 규칙적인 운동으로 인한 개선 효과를 분자 생물학적 차원에서 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 실험동물은 4주령 된 수컷 C57/black mouse 40마리를 분양 받아 CO군(control, n=10)과 HF군(high fat diet, n=30)으로 분류하여 45%의 고지방 식이를 이용하여 6주간 비만을 유도하였다. 비만유도 후 HF군(n=10), HFT군(HF+training, n=10), HFND군(HF → normal diet, n=10)으로 재분류하여, 8주간 경사도 0°의 조건에서 주 5일, 1일 40분씩 트레드밀 운동을 실시하였다. 그 결과 HF군, HFT군, 그리고 HFND군은 CO군에 비하여 체중이 유의하게(p<0.05) 증가 하였으며, 시상하부의 CB1과 복부내장지방의 FAAH가 CO군에 비하여, HF군, HFT군 그리고 HFND군에서 유의하게 높게(p<0.05) 나타났다. 따라서 지속적인 고지방식이로 식욕통제와 지방대사에 악영향을 미치는 시상하부의 CB1과 복부내장지방의 FAAH가 증가하였음을 발견하였다. 8주간의 트레드밀 운동은 ECS에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 식이변화 역시 ECS에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 운동의 시너지 효과가 나타날 수 있는 고지방식이에서의 식이변화와 운동을 복합 처치한 디자인의 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. This study was to investigate the effects of regulatory treadmill exercise on endocannabinoid system of adipose tissue and hypothalamus in high fat diet induced obesity mice. The adopted subjects of this study were 40 heads of four week old C57/black mice. Induced obesity through 6 weeks of a high fat diet while the other group were fed with a normal diet. After 6 weeks, all study mice were classified into 4 groups which were the control group(CO, n=10), high fat diet(HF, n=10), high fat diet-training(HFT, n=10), high fat diet-normal diet(HFND) groups. Treadmill running was performed during 40 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The HF, HFT, HFND groups showed significantly(p<0.05) increased in body weight and significantly(p<0.05) higher CB1 receptor of the hypothalamus and FAAH of adipose tissue than CO group. Therefore, we found that the increase in CB1 receptor of the hypothalamus and FAAH of adipose tissue which is effects on the control of appetite and fat metabolism by continued high fat diet. However, treadmill training for 8 weeks and dietary changes did not have a positive impact on ECS system. Thus, in the future research, it is thought that the study will be needed showing the synergistic effect of exercise through combined treatment of dietary change and exercise in high fat diet.

수영운동이 호흡순환기능 및 혈청지질에 미치는 영향

강성훈 ( Sung Hwun Kang ),박일봉 ( Il Bong Park ),여남회 ( Nam Heow Yeo ) 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study investigated the influence of male students(year=22.36±2.20) changes of cardio-respiratory and serum lipid. Subjects were divided into control group(N=7, height=174.24±4.33), muscle resistance group(N=7, height=174.25±6.83). They do exercise which muscle swimming exercise for 12weeks, 3day per week, 60min a day. Intensity continued HRR 80% of in swimming exercise. Blood sample test were obtained from the antecubital vein while the subjects fasted and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results are as follows. %Fat and BMI of body composition was decreased each significantly(p<.05, p<.01) and muscle mass was increased significantly(p<.01). HDL of serum lipids was increased significantly(p<.05) but TC, TG and Glucose were decreased each significantly(p<.001, p<.05, p<.01). VO2max(ml/kg/min) and METs of cardio-respiratory was increased each significantly(p<.01). Therefore swimming exercise was effected positive in serum lipid and cardio-respiratory. Swimming exercise is increase VO2max and METs which was effected side of oxygen availability and hyperlipidemia in positive.

유산소운동이 복부비만 중년여성의 내장지방과 심장기능에 미치는 영향

이성수(Sung Soo Lee),강성훈(Sung Hwun Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.30

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 16 weeks aerobic exercise on cardiac function analyzing body composition, abdominal fat, cardiac function, serum lipids, CRP concentration. The subjects were 16 middle-aged abdominal obesity women subcutaneous vs visceral fat ratio more than 0.4 composed of exercise group(n=8) and control group(n=8) randomly, trained first 1-8 weeks %HRmax 50-60% intensity 40min. 3 days per week, next 9-16 weeks 60-70% intensity 40min. 4 days per week. The results of this study in aerobic exercise group were as follows: the body weight, BMI, %Fat(p<.01), total fat(p<.01), subcutaneous fat(p<.01), visceral fat(p<.05), V/S ratio(p<.01) had significantly decreased. LVIDd, EDV, EF tend to increased and LVIDs, ESV decrease. Therefore aerobic exercise will be effective for preventing various life-style diseases with improvement of the cardiac function by decreasing percent body fat changed body composition by decreasing abdominal subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, lipid metabolism, CRP concentration.

24주간 저항성 운동이 성장호르몬, Myostatin, CRK, LDH에 미치는 영향

이성수(Sung Soo Lee),강성훈(Sung Hwun Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2008 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.33

개별 열량 소비 트레이닝이 비만 어린이의 산화-항산화체계에 미치는 영향

우진희 ( Jin Hee Woo ),강성훈 ( Sung Hwun Kang ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2008 체육과학연구 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 남자초등학생을 비만군(n=20, 나이=11.15±1.42세)과 정상군(n=10, 나이=10.70±0.95세)으로 나누어 개별 열량 소비 트레이닝을 12주간 실시하여 산화-항산화체계에 미치는 영향을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 신체구성, 호흡순환기능, 혈청지질, 항산화효소, 조직손상 인자들을 분석하였으며, 연구결과 비만군은 체지방률, 수축기와 이완기 혈압, TG, LDL-c, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG 등이 정상군에 비해 유의하게 높다는 것과 이에 반하여 HDL-c, 항산화효소인 SOD 수치는 정상군과 비교하여 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 또한 12주간의 개별 열량소비 트레이닝을 통해 정상군과 비만군 모두 ox-LDL 수치와 GPX활성이 유의하게 증가되었다. 따라서, 비만아동은 비만에 의한 조직손상과 항산화 방어 역량의 저하로 산화·항산화 체계의 불균형을 일으키며, 산화적 스트레스를 높여 혈관의 염증반응을 증가시켜 결국 혈관을 손상시키고 심혈관질환위험을 가속화시키는데 영항을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 12주간의 개별열량 소비 트레이닝을 통하여 항산화효소 활성에 긍정적인 영향을 주어 체내의 산화·환원의 체계를 정상화시켜 심혈관계 스트레스 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between before and after 12 week individual calory consumption training on oxidation-antioxidation in obese children. All the subjects divided into obese training group(n=20, age=11.15±1.42) and normal training group(n=10, age=10.70±0.95). Before and after training, we measured that body composition, cardio-pulmonary function, serum lipid, antioxidant enzyme, tissue damage factors. There were differences in body fat, VO2 max, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG, and SOD levels between groups. Also, there were differences in ox-LDL and GPX levels between pre and post. In conclusion, body fat, blood pressures, TG, LDL-c, ox-LDL, and 8-OHdG levels were higher and VO2 max, HDL-c, and SOD levels were lower in obese children than in normal children. But, GPX activity in obese children with regular exercise were found to be similar to those of normal children. These results indicated that increased cardiovascular stress and antioxidant imbalace begins in childhood in obesity. However, individual calory consumption training can enhance antioxidant capacity in obese children.

중년여성들의 장기간 유산소운동이 혈중 항산화효소 및 지질과산화물에 미치는 영향

박일봉 ( Il Bong Park ),강성훈 ( Sung Hwun Kang ),여남회 ( Nam Hwoeh Yeo ) 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise according to exercise intensity of middle-aged women on MDA and SOD, GPX. The subject of the study was middle aged women, which was divided into aerobic exercise group(N=8, age=44.46±3.77yrs.) and control group(N=8 age=45.86±4.67). Aerobic exercise program consisted of Stage 1-4, 4 stages taking 16weeks, each 4 weeks measuring exercise load test in each stage with 50-70% of intensity according to gradual overload principle, and the exercise was made 3 times a week for 60 minuets a day. And MDA and SOD, GPX were measured before exercise, during exercise and after exercise. As the result, MDA was decreased significantly in exercise group after 16 weeks. And SOD increased significantly in exercise group after 16 weeks, on the contrary in control group, it significantly decreased. Finally GPX increased significantly in exercise group after 16 weeks. As the result of this study, aerobic exercise according to exercise intensity of long period for middle aged women had effect on raising oxidation adaptation and defence capacity about free radical by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD, GPX.