영남문집해제 : 제산집 (霽山集)

김성탁 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 1988 민족문화연구소 자료총서 Vol.4 No.-

「飛書」의 一硏究

金聖鐸 春川敎育大學 1986 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Optimal Decision Tree를 이용한 Unseen Model 추정방법

김성탁,김회린,Kim Sungtak,Kim Hoi-Rin 대한음성학회 2003 말소리 Vol.45 No.-

Decision tree-based state tying has been proposed in recent years as the most popular approach for clustering the states of context-dependent hidden Markov model-based speech recognition. The aims of state tying is to reduce the number of free parameters and predict state probability distributions of unseen models. But, when doing state tying, the size of a decision tree is very important for word independent recognition. In this paper, we try to construct optimized decision tree based on the average of feature vectors in state pool and the number of seen modes. We observed that the proposed optimal decision tree is effective in predicting the state probability distribution of unseen models.

獨占規制法 改正의 課題 : 政黨의 1989년 改正案을 중심으로

김성탁 연세대학교 대학원 1990 원우론집 Vol.- No.17

The primary purpose of this treatise is to examine the applicability and acceptability of the revised bill of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act(hereinafter the "Act" ) submitter by major political parties in 1989. On the ground of workable competition principle, this paper concludes as follows : (1) Abuse of predominant position in the demand sector may be regulated under the unfair trade practice regulatory provision(art. 15), without newly inserting regulatory provision against the market dominating position in the demand sector. (2) Like horizontal and vertical integration, "anticompetitive" conglomerate integration may also be regulated under the article 7(1) of the Act. (3) The proposal for prohibiting combination between large companies, notwithstanding that the anticompetition effect is not proven, is unreasonable from the viewpoint of actual feasability among other things. (4) In newly introducing FTC's dissolution order to illegal business combination, the protection procedure for the interested parties should be supplemented. (5) The proposal to restrict contribution of financial and insurance business which belong to large enterprise group, overlooks the fact that the investment and loans are essential to the financial and insurance business. Moreover, the proposal may results in the restraint of competition between financial and insurance business at both the domestic and international financial markets. (6) Depriving financial and insurance companies belonging to large enterprise group of voting lights(art. 7-5), may encounter the following problems : 1) In changing circumstances under which the number of small shareholders indifferent to the business management tends to increase, the stockholders' meeting may be hard to be convened : 2) As a result, it is feared that the rein of business administration may be turned over to minority stockholders or foreigners. (7) The following cases should also be exempted from restriction of total contribution amount(art. 7-4(1)) : 1) In cages where a certain department in a company grows into being a new independent corporation after separation from the company : 2) In gases where the excessive state over the maximum contribution amount is made up by the reversion of securities valuation allowance under the paragraph 7, article 92 of the Financial Accounting Standards. (8) Clarification of regulatory patterns of unfair trade practices(art. 15) is required in order to rule out ambiguity in enforcing and abiding by the law. (9) The FTO should be endowed with the autonomy for securing independence and carrying out competition policy on its own. (10) In initiating the procedure for the criminal prosecution, all including consumers' as well as the Minister of EPB shouts be allowed to file complaints against the violator. (11) The market share requirement for designating market dominating position(art. 3) and the maximum contribution amount of large enterprise group(art. 7-4), should be based on surveying our industrial conditions such as industrial organizations, competition structures, concentration ratio, market opening, and so on. (12) In addition, the current anticompetitive laws and practices formed in the course of performing the governmental economic development policy should be deregulated or reformed.

周旋業者의 介入權

김성탁 한국기업법학회 2003 企業法硏究 Vol.12 No.-

A person who makes it his business to effect sales and purchases of goods or of valuable instruments in his own name for the account of other person(principal) is called a commission agent(KCC §1Ol). A person who makes it his business to act in his own name as intermediation for the carriage of goods is called a forwarding agent(KCC §114). A person who makes it his business to effect, in his own name, for the account of the other person, activities other than sales or purchase and carriage of goods, is called a quasi-commission agent.<br/> A commission agent has the right to intervention: when a commission agent has received a commission to sell or purchase goods, he may directly become the buyer or seller. In such case, it is required to escape the conflict of interests between the principal and commission agent. Thus the goods should be things having exchange quotation; the price shall be determined by exchange quotation at the time when notice of sale or purchase was dispatched by the commission agent(KCC 107).<br/> A forwarding agent may himself undertake the carriage. However, the parties may agree otherwise(KCC §116-1). When a forwarding agent has produced a land bill of lading upon demand of the principal, he shall be deemed to have undertaken the carriage of the goods for himself(KCC §116-2).<br/> The general understanding in Korean academy is that a quasi-commission agent does not have the right to intervention. But I hold the opinion that a quasi-commission agent may have the intervention right in some cases such as futures trading, etc. And I point out that KCC is in need of some legislative measures in order to cope with the circumstances without agreement regarding intervention right.

2009년 개정상법상 ‘소규모주식회사’의 법적 쟁점

김성탁 대한변호사협회 2010 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol.- No.412

Small businesses with only a handful of owners and little capital have taken advantages of the corporate form using the same enabling statutes suitable for typical publicly held corporations with a large number of investors. In order to cope with such ‘small corporation dilemma’, the amended Korean Commercial Act No. 9746, effective from May 28, 2009, has introduced many provisions concerning companies with total capital of less than one billion won,referred to as ‘small-capital-corporations’. The pattern of such small-capital-corporations has many similarities to the close corporations under the U.S. corporation law. This article considers the following legal issues of ‘small-capital-corporations’ in the newly added provisions of the amended Korean Commercial Act : (1) the statutory capital requirements for the small-capital-corporation ; (2) the abolition of authentication of articles of incorporation by a notary public ; (3) the balance certificate as the substitution device of the depository certification which a bank and other financial institution have had the custody of the subscription price paid ;(4) the general shareholders’ meeting without taking a convocation procedure and the resolution of a general meeting by a written resolution ; (5) the minimum number of directors ; (6) the elimination of a corporation’s board of directors and the substitution of director management by the shareholders ; (7) the rights of directors and auditor ; (8) the greater flexibility in control devices by articles of incorporation and shareholder agreements. 2009년 5월의 개정상법에 의하여 대폭 확충된 자본금 10억 원 미만의 주식회사(‘소규모주식회사’)에 관한 규정을 중심으로 그 규범적 의미와 현실 적용상의 문제를 분석하였다. 주식회사의 유형을일반적인 주식회사, 상장회사, 소규모주식회사로 구분하여, 소규모주식회사가 장차 ‘제3의 주식회사’로자리매김을 하도록 하려는 것이 이 연구의 출발점이다. 이를 위하여, (1) 소자본의 폐쇄적 주식회사에관한 상법규정의 법제화 과정과 그 기대효과, (2) 소규모주식회사의 실태와 일반적인 주식회사와의 차별성 및 유형적 특징, (3) 소규모주식회사의 유한회사 및 1인 회사와의 유사성과 차별성, (4) 소규모주식회사의 법정 요건인 ‘자본금 10억원 미만’ 기준의 타당성, (5) 소규모주식회사를 발기설립하는 경우원시정관의 효력발생요건으로 공증인의 인증을 요하지 않는 개정의 타당성과 문제점, (6) 소규모주식회사를 발기설립하는 경우 잔고증명서제도, (7) 소규모주식회사의 기관구조의 특징으로 주주의 경영참여성향으로 인한 소유와 경영의 수렴화, 기관의 간소화 및 유연화, 기관조직 및 운영에 있어서 상법적용의 엄격성 완화와 정관자치의 확대, (8) 이사회의 부재에 따른 주주총회와 이사 간 권한의 재분배(‘주주총회중심주의’로의 회귀)와 주주총회 소집절차 및 결의방법의 간이화 등에 관한 개정상법의 내용에대하여 해석론과 입법론을 전개하였다.

웨이블릿 계수의 쿼드트리를 이용한 영상 압축

김성탁,추형석,전희성,이태호,안종구 한국융합신호처리학회 2001 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.2 No.1

EZW(Embedded Image Coding Using Zerotrees of Wavelet Coefficients) 알고리즘의 경우는 해상도를 높이기 위해 임계값을 낮출 때 중요계수의 위치를 나타내기 위해 필요 없는 zero 값을 많이 코딩을 해야 하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 쿼드 트리(quad tree)방법을 이용하여 위치정보를 나나내었다. 그리고 그 계수들의 크기는 EZW 에서 사용한 방법과 유사한 메트릭스(matrix) 방법을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘으로 영상을 압축하게 되면 EZW와 MRWD(Morphological Representation of Wavelet Data)의 방법을 동시에 이용하는 효과가 있어 압축 효율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. EZW(Embedded coding using Zero-trees of Wavelet coefficients) decreases symbol-position information using zero-trees, but threshold value fall lot raising resolution, then coding cost of significant coefficients is expensive. To avoide this fact, this paper uses quad-tree representing coefficient-position information. a magnitude of significant coefficient is represented on matrix used at EZW. the proposed algorithm is hoped for raising a coding cost.

중증 디곡신(Digoxin) 중독환자에서 Digoxin Immune Fab을 사용한 1례

김성탁,임용수,박원빈,우재혁,장재호 대한응급의학회 2014 대한응급의학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Digoxin is commonly used in treatment of various heartconditions, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and sometimesheart failure. The therapeutic range of digoxin is narrow. Therefore, Digoxin toxicity is common. However,severe digoxin intoxication is uncommon. Many casesinvolving application of Digoxin immune Fab for digoxinintoxication in other countries have been reported. However, no cases have been reported in Korea. Wereported on one case, a 34-year-old male with acute andsevere digoxin intoxication who was treated with digibind . His chief complaint was gastrointestinal symptoms, includingnausea and vomiting. Electrocardiography (ECG)showed third degree atrioventricular (AV) block. After aninfusion of digibind , third degree AV block rhythm waschanged to first degree AV block. Nowadays, we can obtaina digoxin antidote from the national poisoning informationcenter. Therefore, we should actively consider applicationof Digoxin immune Fab in patients with severe digoxinintoxication.

유질계약을 허용하는 상법 제59조의 해석방법론 : 대법원 2017. 7. 18. 선고, 2017다207499 판결 평석 및 관련 쟁점사항

김성탁 법무부 2018 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.83

With respect to pledges established for the purpose of securing claims arising out of commercial activities, Article 59 of the Commercial Code excludes the application of Article 339 of the Civil Code which generally prohibits foreclosure agreements(les commissoria). Regarding the method of interpretation and application of Article 59 of the Commercial Code, the main academic view is that the scope of application of Article 59 of the Commercial Code can be restricted in order to achieve the legislative purpose of Article 339 of the Civil Code of the debtor protection. However, the recent Supreme Court Decision 2017Da207499 decided July 18, 2017, basically adopts a method of interpretation that is faithful to the words of Article 59 of the Commercial Code. This paper analyzes the methodology and applicability of Article 59 of the Commercial Code from a critical viewpoint of the current dominant view. This paper argues the abolition of Article 339 of the Civil Code as a fundamental solution, and suggests that regardless of the debtor(economic weaker) protection purpose of Article 339 of the Civil Code, it should be faithful to the requirements of Article 59 of the Commercial Code, objecting to restricting the scope of Article 59 of Commercial Code for reasons other than literal requirements. In order to justify this argument, this paper reviews: ① problems of the general prohibition system of the foreclosure agreement under Article 339 of the Civil Code; ② the meaning and function of Article 3 of the Commercial Code providing the requirements for the application of Commercial Code under the dual legal system of civil and commercial law; ③ critical criteria in the interpretation of Article 59 of the Commercial Code; ④ the meaning and scope of “claims arising out of commercial activities” as prescribed by the application requirements of Article 59 of the Commercial Code; ⑤ the legal ways to protect the economic weak that are not merchants trading with merchants, etc. And then, this paper reviews the specific issues as follows: ① whether Article 59 of the Commercial Code is applicable to the claims arising from the unilateral commercial act which does not constitute a commerce for the debtor, or not; ② whether Article 59 of the Commercial Code is applicable to the case which only the third party pledger, except for the creditor and the debtor, is a merchant, or not. 이 논문은 타당성을 잃은 민법 제339조를 삭제함으로써 유질계약을 일반적ㆍ사전적으로 금지하는 현행 제도로부터 탈피하여 유질계약을 원칙적으로 허용하는 방향으로 전환하는 전면적인 재개편이 유질계약 규율의 근본적 해결책임을 주장하였다. 그 이전의 상법제59조의 해석론으로는, 민법 제339조의 규범적 당위성을 전제로 이에 의하여 상법 제59조의 적용대상을 제한적으로 해석하려는 상법학계의 주류적인 경향과는 달리, 상법 제59조의 입법취지를 민법 제339조의 채무자 보호라는 입법동기와는 무관하게 상사채권의 강화라고 하는 관점에서 독자적으로 구성하고 그에 따라 상법 제59조의 문언해석에 충실하여야 한다는 입장, 즉 제한해석을 부정하는 입장을 취하였다. 상법 제59조의 해석방식을 제시한 최근의 대법원 2017. 7. 18. 선고, 2017다207499 판결을 분석하였다. 이 논문은 크게 세 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 유질계약 금지제도가 추구하는 명분과 실제의 불일치(mismatch) 현상을 분석함으로써 유질계약 금지와 허용에 관한 법적 규율에서 취하여야 할 기본관점을 모색하였다. 둘째, 상법 제59조 해석방법의 일반론으로, 상법 제59조의 해석에 있어서 민법 제339조와는 별개로 상법 제59조의 입법취지와 사회적 기능을 독자적으로 구성하여야 한다는 입장을 취하고, 상법 제59조의 문언요건을 중심으로 한 해석론을 전개하였다. 셋째, 위의 분석을 토대로 하여 상법 제59조의 적용에 관한 개별 쟁점으로, ‘상행위로 인하여 생긴 채권’의 포섭범위와 관련하여 비상인인 채무자가 질권설정자인 경우 상법 제 59조의 적용대상이 될 수 있는지, 질권설정자가 제3자(물상보증인)인 경우 채무자 자신이 질권설정자로 되는 경우에 비하여 어떠한 추가적인 고려가 필요한지를 검토하였다.

Change in Red Cell Distribution Width as Predictor of Death and Neurologic Outcome in Patients Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

김성탁,조진성,임용수,김진주,양혁준,이근 대한중환자의학회 2014 Acute and Critical Care Vol.29 No.4

Background: The prognostic significance of change in red cell distribution width (RDW) during hospital stays in patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was investigated. Methods: Patients treated with TH after OHCA between January 2009 and August 2013 were reviewed. Patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were assessed according to Utstein Style. Hematologic variables including RDW, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and platelets were also obtained. RDW changes during the 72 hours after ROSC were categorized into five groups as follows: Group 1 (-0.8-0.1%), Group 2 (0.2-0.3%), Group 3 (0.4-0.5%), Group 4 (0.6-0.8%), and Group 5 (>0.8%). Results: A total of 218 patients were enrolled in the study. RDW changes during the 72 hours after ROSC in Group 4 (HR 3.56, 95% CI 1.25-10.20) and Group 5 (HR 5.07, 95% CI 1.73-14.89) were associated with a statistically significant difference in one-month mortality. RDW changes were associated with statistically significant differences in neurologic outcome at 6 months after ROSC (Group 3 [HR 2.45, 95% CI 1.17-5.14], Group 4 [HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.33-5.84], Group 5 [HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.35-7.41]). Other significant variables were location of arrest, cause of arrest, serum albumin, and advanced cardiac life support time. Conclusions: RDW change during the 72 hours after ROSC is a predictor of mortality and neurologic outcome in patients treated with TH after OHCA.