초월과 내재를 매개하는 은혜의 선물로 오시는 하나님 개념에 대한 고찰

박원빈 한국기독교사회윤리학회 2007 기독교사회윤리 Vol.14 No.-

This article explores the concept of grace as gift of God phenomenologically as well as ethically. If we understand Jesus Christ as the mediator of transcendence and immanence, the incarnation of Christ is the realization of the grace of God. In this reason, the concept has been always analyzed based on christological approach. In this article, I want to focus on God as the giver of grace. How can we understand God as the giver of grace? If we focus on the concept of God, the gap between transcendence and immanence will not be incompatible? Recent scholarship have contributed to this complicated problem by the help of phenomenology and ethics. This article consists of the followings. First, I will explore grace as gift of God in relation to the concept of 'gift' in the assumption that gift is the most similar act to the concept of grace. I will examine how gift can achieve its real meaning and how God himself is the best 'Gift and Grace' to us. Second, I will show that his love is unmeasurable and beyond our limit by using Jean-Luc Marion's concept of icon. Marion asserts that iconic thought provokes God, whereas idolous thought confines the concept of God. He argues that ontological thought is the main cause of concept of God falling into idolized thought. Third, I will argue that the response to the grace of God as gift can be realized in a form of ethic of the other, because this ethic can also be found in the doctrine of Kenosis. In conclusion, this study will contribute to build up a more clear concept of grace based on God as a gift and how we can live in this world as a recipient his grace individually as well as communally.

국내 자전거사고에서 자전거도로와 그 외 장소에서의 비교: 2011-2014

박원빈,임채석,조진성,양혁준,이근 대한응급의학회 2016 대한응급의학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of bicycle injuries in Korea. It analyzed the injury severity of bicycle accidents by making a comparison between accidents that originated from bicycle lanes and accidents that originated in other sites since the inception of the Korea Promoting Bicycle Usage Act in 2011. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 23,038 cases from January 2011 to December 2014, utilizing the data from the emergent department-based, in-depth injury surveillance system. The main analysis of death was conducted by a multivariate logistic regression, using SPSS statistics ver. 18.0. We also classified bicycle accidents in accordance with the sites of accident bicycle lane and other sites, accident year, age, gender, injury location, activity, helmet use, and alcohol consumption. Results: The entire study population of 23,038 patients were divided into two groups depending on accident site: 4045 from bicycle lane and 18,993 from other accident sites. According to the analysis, the percentage of accidents involving female was significantly higher in bicycle lane than in other accident sites (75.8% vs. 79.3% p<0.001). The highest bicycle accident occurred alone (77.3%) in bicycle lane and 57% in other accident sites. However, motor vehicle crash was significantly higher in other accident sites than in bicycle lane (32.9% vs. 10.2%). The result from a multivariate logistic regression demonstrates that bicycle lanes significantly decreases the severity of mortality on average (odd ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.91). Conclusion: We found that bicycle lanes have a significant impact on decreasing not only general accidents caused by bicycles, but also mortality.

딥러닝 기법을 활용한 위성 관측 해수면 온도 자료의 결측부 복원에 관한 연구

박원빈,최흥배,한명수,엄호식,송용식 해양환경안전학회 2023 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.29 No.6

인공위성은 최첨단 기술로써 시공간적 관측제약이 적어 해양 사고에 효과적 대응과 해양 변동 특성 분석 등으로 각국의 국가 기관들이 위성 정보를 활용하고 있다. 하지만 고해상도 위성 관측 기반 해수면 온도 자료(Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis, OSTIA)는 위성의 기기적, 또는 지리적 오류와 구름으로 인해 낮게 관측되거나 공백으로 처리되며 이를 복원하기까지 수 시간이 소요된다. 본 연구는 최신 딥러닝 기반 알고리즘인 LaMa 기법을 활용하여 결측된 OSTIA 자료를 복원하고, 그 성능을 기존에 이용되어 온 세 가지 영상처리 기법들의 성능과 비교하여 평가하였다. 결정계수(R²)와 평균절대오차(MAE) 값을 이용하여 각 기법의 위성 영상 복원 성능을 평가한 결과, LaMa 알고리즘을 적용하였을 때의 R²과 MAE 값이 각각 0.9 이상, 0.5℃ 이하로, 기존에 사용되어 온 쌍 선형보간법, 쌍 삼차보간법, DeepFill v1 기법을 적용한 것보다 더 우수한 성능을 보였다. 향후에는 현업 위성 자료 제공 시스템에 LaMa 기법을 적용하여 그 가능성을 평가해 보고자 한다. Satellites represent cutting-edge technology, offering significant advantages in spatial and temporal observations. National agencies worldwide harness satellite data to respond to marine accidents and analyze ocean fluctuations effectively. However, challenges arise with high-resolution satellite-based sea surface temperature data (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis, OSTIA), where gaps or empty areas may occur due to satellite instrumentation, geographical errors, and cloud cover. These issues can take several hours to rectify. This study addressed the issue of missing OSTIA data by employing LaMa, the latest deep learning-based algorithm. We evaluated its performance by comparing it to three existing image processing techniques. The results of this evaluation, using the coefficient of determination (R²) and mean absolute error (MAE) values, demonstrated the superior performance of the LaMa algorithm. It consistently achieved R² values of 0.9 or higher and kept MAE values under 0.5 °C or less. This outperformed the traditional methods, including bilinear interpolation, bicubic interpolation, and DeepFill v1 techniques. We plan to evaluate the feasibility of integrating the LaMa technique into an operational satellite data provision system.

Comparison of Epidemiology, Emergency Care, and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke between Young Adults and Elderly in Korean Population: A Multicenter Observational Study

박원빈,임용수,김진주,조진성,이근,양혁준,신상도,So-Yeon Kong 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.7

Stroke in young adults has been known to show a lower incidence and a better prognosis. Only a few studies have examined the epidemiology and outcomes of ischemic stroke inyoung adults and compared them with the elderly in Korean population. All consecutivepatients with ischemic stroke visiting 29 participating emergency departments wereenrolled from November 2007 to October 2009. Patients with less than 15 yr of age andunknown information on age and confirmed diagnosis were excluded. We categorized thepatients into young adults (15 to 45 yr) and elderly (46 yr and older) groups. Of 39,156enrolled all stroke patients, 25,818 with ischemic stroke were included and analyzed(young adult; n = 1,431, 5.5%). Young adult patients showed lower prevalence of mostchronic diseases but significantly higher prevalence in exercise, current smoking, andalcohol consumption. Hospital mortality was significantly lower in young adults thanelderly (1.1% vs. 3.1%, P < 0.001). Higher number of patients in elderly group (68.1%)showed worsening change of modified Rankin Scale than young adults (65.2%). Youngadults ischemic stroke showed favorable hospital outcomes than the elderly in Koreanpopulation.

심정지 환자의 저체온 치료에 있어 체외 저체온 유도방식과 체내 저체온 유도방식의 효능

박원빈,김진주,임용수,김재광,현성열,황성연,이근,양혁준 대한응급의학회 2010 대한응급의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: According to the 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, unconscious adult patients with ROSC after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to between 32℃ and 34℃ for 12 to 24hours. Two recent randomized controlled trials that included comatose survivors of cardiac arrest have documented that therapeutic hypothermia improved the neurological recovery. (ED note: Newer cooling devices have recently been introduced, such as endovascular…?)We have introduced newer devices, such as endovascular cooling devices, so we compared endovascular cooling with the previously used surface cooling methods. Methods: This is a cohort study of patients with ROSC (>24hours) after cardiac arrest and who were admitted to the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital over a twentyeight month period from September 2006 to December 2008 and they had received therapeutic hypothermia. The patients’baseline characteristics, the mortality, the neurologic outcomes, the side effects during therapeutic hypothermia and other factors were evaluated according to the cooling methods. Results: Seventy-five patients were included over a 28month period. Surface cooling methods were used in 37patients, and endovascular cooling methods were used in 38 patients. There were no significant differences of the mortality and the neurologic outcome according to the cooling methods (p=0.973, 0.937). The time from collapse to reaching therapeutic hypothermia was 587.14±384.18minutes for surface cooling and 496.24±213.83 minutes for endovascular cooling (p=0.105). The rewarming time was 451.09±229.93 minutes and 802.38±209.09 minutes for each cooling method, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.002). There were no significant differences of the side effects during therapeutic hypothermia between the surface and endovascular cooling methods. Conclusion: Endovascular cooling methods are useful to maintain the target temperature within a narrower range and these methods have the advantage of automatic feedback control of the temperature and controlled rewarming. There were no significant differences in mortality, the neurologic outcome and other side effects between the surface and endovascular cooling methods during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

인도의 성별 임금격차 분석: 분위별 임금 결정요인 및 임금격차 분해

박원빈,이순철 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2022 남아시아연구 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 인도 근로자의 임금분포에 따른 성별 임금격차를 분석하였다. 특히, 성별 임금격차에서 끈적한 바닥(sticky floor)과 유리천장(glass ceiling) 효과가 존재함을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 재중심 영향 함수(recentered influence function)를 바탕으로 무조건적 분위회귀(unconditional quantile regression) 분석을 활용하였다. 추정 결과를 바탕으로, 오사사카-블라인더(Oaxaca-Blinder) 분해를 통해 분위별 성별 임금격차를 분해하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인도 노동시장의 성별 임금격차는 유의미하게 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 성별에 따른 구조적 차별이 기인하는 바가 명확하다고 분석된다. 둘째, 양적인 임금격차는 저분위군과 고분위군에서 각각 확대되며 U자형을 보인다. 이를 통해, 유리천장 효과와 끈적한 바닥 효과가 존재함을 확인하였다. 셋째, 저분위군 임금격차는 성별에 대한 구조적 차별 요인이 대부분을 차지했다. 반면에 60분위 이상의 고분위군 임금격차는 개인특성 요인으로 인한 격차로 추정된다. 즉, 분위별로 임금격차가 상이하며, 이에 대한 원인에도 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 이를 토대로 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

우보만리(牛步萬里)

박원빈 미래사목연구소 2016 사목정보 Vol.9 No.1

DEA를 이용한 인도 자동차 산업의 효율성과 결정요인 분석

박원빈,이순철 한국산업경제학회 2023 산업경제연구 Vol.36 No.3

This paper examines the efficiency and its determinants of 47 finished vehicle manufacturers in the Indian automobile industry. In light of market expansion and changing business environments, assessing the efficiency of companies has become crucial for enhancing their competitiveness. Therefore, we analyze the efficiency and scale profitability of each company using data envelope analysis (DEA). Fixed assets, total capital, and employment costs are selected as input variables, while sales is used as output variables. The average efficiency estimated through the BCC model is 0.607, with 11 companies achieving efficiency. The results show 5 companies have been in economies of scale. We also conduct a Tobit analysis to identify the determinants of efficiency. Our findings suggest that affiliates of group companies of Indian, have a positive impact on efficiency. Additionally, capital liquidity and R&D investments are positive factors in improving efficiency 본 연구는 인도 자동차 산업의 경쟁력을 파악하기 위해 47개 완성차 업체의 효율성과 결정요인을 분석하였다. 인도 자동차 산업은 시장 규모 확대와 친환경 자동차 전환과 같은 경영환경 변화를 앞두고 있다. 이러한 가운데, 경쟁력 강화를 위해 자료포락분석(DEA)을 통해 개별기업별 효율성과 규모 수익성을 검토하였다. 투입 변수로는 기업별 인건비, 고정자산, 총자본을 선택하였고, 산출변수는 기업별 매출액을 활용하였다. 산출지향 BCC 모형을 통해 산출된 평균 효율성은 0.607이며, 효율성을 달성한 기업은 11개 업체로 나타났다. 규모 효율성을 달성한 기업은 5개 업체로 파악된다. 추가로, 기업 효율성의 결정요인을 파악하기 위해 토빗(Tobit) 분석도 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 인도 그룹사 계열사에 소속된 기업의 유형이 효율성에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 또, 자본 유동성, R&D 활동 등 요인이 기업 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

Do Firm’s Activities Affect the Export Behavior in India’s Food Processing Industry?

박원빈,이순철 한국산업경제학회 2022 산업경제연구 Vol.35 No.1

This paper examines the effects of cost efficiency and R&D factors with the firms’ types on export behavior in India’s food processing industry using Prowess data during 1998-2018. We apply the logistic model for the determinants of export participation and the fixed effects model for the export amount. Cost efficiency and R&D investment generally make positive impacts on export activities. In particular, firms having export experience tend to be favorable to the activities, and the affiliated types bring different effects according to business characteristics. It indicates the necessity to consider the elements of the individual firm, focusing on existing exporters to improve the export activity. Therefore, these results suggest implications for expanding total exports of the Indian food processing industry, showing that efficiency innovation and R&D make it possible to improve the firm’s capacity for export promotion.

인도 주요 항만의 효율성과 협력 방안 연구

박원빈,이순철 한국국제통상학회 2023 국제통상연구 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 인도 항만 분야의 경쟁력 분석을 위해서 인도의 12개 주요 항만에 대한 효율성 분석하였다. 인도 항만 분야는 인도 수출입의 90%를 웃도는 수준으로 국제 통상에서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있으며 경제 규모 확대에 따른 역할이 확대될 것으로 기대되는 만큼 항만의 운영 효율성은 중요한 이슈이다. 본고는 자료포락분석(DEA)과 맘퀴스트 분석을 바탕으로 항만별 효율성과 변화를 검토하였다. 투입 변수로는 처리가능량, 운영비용, 고용인원 자료를 활용하였고 산출 변수는 화물처리량과 영업이익 자료를 선택하였다. 분석 결과, 2020-21년 기준 산출지향 BCC 모형 기반의 평균 효율성은 0.978로 나타나며 11개 항만이 최적 효율성을 달성하였다고 평가된다. 그런데 맘퀴스트 지수는 기술효율성 변화지수(TECI)의 개선에도 불구하고 기술변화 지수(TCI)의 악화로 인하여 0.962로 나타나며 소폭 감소하는 모양새를 보였다. 이는 2010년대 중반의 국가 프로젝트로 인하여 개별 항만의 효율성이 전반적으로 평준화되며 최적화 수준에 도달하였지만 실제로는 기술의 정체로 인해 전년 대비 효율성은 악화된 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 효율성 분석 결과와 인도 항만 분야의 현황을 바탕으로 인도 측 인프라 구축 및 효율성 향상과 관련된 다양한 수요와 협력 방안을 검토하였다. This study conducts competitiveness analyses of India’s port industry by estimating the efficiency of its 12 major ports. The port sector in India deal with over 90 percent of the country's imports and exports and plays important role in international trade, and this analysis addresses significant issues for the future potential of the Indian trade market. Specifically, the study utilizes data envelopment analysis(DEA) and Mamquist analysis to evaluate the efficiency and changes in each port, considering the impact of infrastructure projects like the Sagarmala project on the logistics system under the Modi government. The selected input variables include maximum cargo capacity, operating costs, and the number of employees, while total cargo volume and operating profit serve as the output variables. The average output-oriented BCC model-based efficiency is 0.978 in 2020–21, with 11 ports reaching optimal efficiency. Mamquist index shows 0.962 due to the reduced technology efficiency change index(TCI) despite an improvement in the technology efficiency change index(TECI). The results mean that national projects from the mid-2010s initially brought the efficiency of individual ports to an optimal level, but technological congestion has actually led to a decline in efficiency for many years. Based on the efficiency analysis and the current state of the Indian port sector, this study also discusses various demands of India and proposes cooperation plans with South Korea regarding infrastructure construction and efficiency improvement in the Indian port sector.