사과 대목 종자의 발아에 관한 연구

김익홍,전상항,김민,정삼택 慶北大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1989 慶北大農學誌 Vol.7 No.-

일반적으로 사과나무의 일반 대목용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 삼엽해당(Malus sieboldii)의 종자를 1988년 11월에 경북대학교 부속 농장에서 채취하여 15주 동안 습기 있는 모래에 층적 처리후 발아와 그후의 생육상을 알기 위하여 GA₃BA와 ABA를 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 처리구중에 GA₃, BA구는 발아율이 높았고 ABA처리구는 낮았으며 ABA처리가 다시 종자를 휴면상태로 유도시키던지, 정상적인 묘가 되지 못하였다. 2. 평균 발아기간 역시 ABA를 처리한 구들은 다른구에 비하여 2일 이상 지연되었다. 3. 평균 유아와 유근의 길이는 ABA 20ppm 처리구가 가장 불량하였다. 이는 묘의 세력이 약하다는 것을 나타내며 불량묘가 생산되었다. 4. 생성된 묘의 생체중과 건물증의 비교에서 BA처리구들이 비교적 묘의 무게가 무거웠고 ABA처리구는 가벼워서 비정상적인 묘를 형성하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 휴면이 타파된 종자에 ABA를 외적으로 처리하면 다시 휴면상태가 되며 또 발아가 되어도 생리적인 왜화 상태를 나타낸다. 그래서 묘의 건전한 생장을 위해서는 BA가 우수하다고 인정되어 진다. The seeds of Malus sieboldii were collected in late fall of 1988 and stored in cold stratification condition for 15 weeks. Growth regulators such as GA₃, BA and ABA were treated to the seed to know germination capacity and seedling growth. The results were as follows. 1) Higher germination was achieved in GA₃and BA plots. But ABA treatment showed lower germination percentage and physiological dwarf and also induced to the secondary dormancy condition in partly. 2) Average length of time for germination was delayed over 2 days in ABA plot when comparing with the other plots. 3) Average length of plumule and radicle also was inhibited by ABA treatment. This means lower seedling vigor. 4) Fresh and dry weight of the seeding were higher in BA plot while ABA plot was lower and undesirable seedling was produced. From above mentioned results, it is believed that ABA treatment to the seed induced the secondary dormancy and physiological dwarf pattern. Therefore, utilization of BA can be produced the normal seedling, the authors believed.

대추의 結實에 關한 硏究 Ⅰ. 대추花粉의 發芽에 關하여

鄭三澤,金益洪,金鎭石 慶北大學校 1984 農業科學技術硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-

대추의 含仁率에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 여러因子들을 多角的으로 檢討하여 그 改善點을 찾기 위한 一次的 段階로서 대추 및 묏대추 花粉의 發芽率, 開花期間中 花粉發芽率의 變化, 여러 處理가 花粉發芽에 미치는 영향, 花器의 發育段階와 저장에 따른 花粉發芽率 等의 실험을 遂行한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대추 開花期間中 初期 約1週日 間은 花粉發芽率이 平均 2.2%로서 극히 낮았으나 滿開期부터 開花末期까지는 큰 변동없이 20∼30%를 維持하고 있었다. Sucrose 0%에서는 전혀 發芽되지 않았으며 10-30%사이에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. Boric acid無添加區는 發芽率 및 花粉管伸長이 낮았으나 添加區는 發芽率엔 현저한 차이가 없었지만 花粉管伸長에 있어서는 농도가 높을수록 伸長이 큰 경향이었다. pH6-7에서 發芽率 및 花粉管伸長이 良好하였다. 온도처리에 있어서는 25℃-35℃ 사이에 發芽率에 있어 어떤 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 묏대추가 대추보다 花粉管伸長이 良好하였다. 대추의 경우 花粉發芽率은 開花直前의 花雷狀態에서 가장 높았으며 開花當時에는 현저히 감소되었고 短期間의 室溫저장에 의해 發芽力이 쉽게 상실되었다. In this study the germination percentage of Chinese and Wild jujube, the change of pollen germination percentage during flowering period, the effect of various treatments on pollen germination, and pollen germination according to flower developmental stage and pollen storage, etc. were investigated as a first step for examination of various factors which can affect on the ratio of fruits with seed of Chinese jujube, and for discovery of their improvement measures. The results obtained were as follow: The pollen germination percentage for first week of flowering period in Chinese jujube was very low as 2.2%, but that from full bloom to flowering end was 20-30% without a great difference. The pollen wasn't germination at sucrose solution of 0%, but was germinated in the similar levels at 10% to 30% solution. The pollen germination percentage and pollen tube elongation were low at the plot without boric acid. In the case of plots with boric acid, the pollen germination percentage didn't show significant differences among them, but the pollen tube elongation was increased when concentration of boric acid was increased. The pollen tube length of Wild jujube was longer than that of Chinese jujube after germination for 5 hours. The pollen germination percentage of Chinese jujube was highest at flower bud of 1-2 days before bloom but significantly decreased at just flowering period. And the pollen germinability was rapidly lost by room temp. storage for a few days.

사과 種自의 發芽와 水分含量과의 關系

鄭三澤,金益弘,김유신,李啓準,申聖鍊 경북대학교 1988 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.9 No.-

浸水가 사과나무의 生育에 미치는 影響

정삼택,김익홍 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

The authors studied on growth responses of two years old Starkrimson apple tree according to the soil types and periodic responses when they were waterlogged from June to early August at attached orchard of Kyungpook National University. Loamy soil showed vigorous shoot growth by 6.7cm than of clay soil by 0.56cm during June, while clay soil showed shoot growth than sandy and loamy soil. Leaf and shoot growth of waterlogged plots showed decreased growth responses than that of control plot. All plots of waterlogged showed leaf wilting and chlorosis symptoms at the leaf margins after 10 days have passed. From these results, it is believed that when opening of orchards which are easy to waterlogged by geographical conditions must be worked for the control of water penetration to the root by top-loading soil and deep ploughing between trees.

農藥處理에 의한 사과의 摘果效果

鄭三澤,全相恒,金益弘 경북대학교 1991 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.-

This experiment was carried out to know the effect of agricultural ehemicals as a fruit thinner of apple varieties such as Fuji, yellow delicious, Jonagold and starkrimson with sevin and smithion in 1990. The results were as follows. 1) Fuji cultivar showed higher thinning effect with sevin and smithion in the center fruit. Trees treated with smithion was 89.3% in the side fruit and 67.5% in thinning rate with sevin 2) Simmilar thinning effect were shown in yellow delicious and starkrimson cultivars, too. 3) Jonagold cultivar showed striking thinning effect and that side fruits were dropped cntirely. This cultivar seemed to response well. From these results, agricultural chemicals, sevin and smithion can be applied as a thinning agent for apple cultivars effectively without any injury to the tree, the authors believed.

열대 원예작물의 특성과 재배법에 관한 조사

정삼택,이우승,김익홍 경북대학교 1987 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.7 No.-

This investigation was conducted to know the characteristics and cultivation method of some tropical crops; fruit tree, vegetable and ornamental flowers growing in Tropical regions by literatures. 1) Most of fruits were utilized as raw-fruit itself and processing techniques are needed for the merchandise. Some fruit is lack of cultivation method. Pine apple and banana are the most common fruit in these regions. These fruit products can be exported to the temperate zone regions for the net-income of the farmers. 2) Vegetables are cultivated for the part of vitamin supply and on the whole, cultivation method is underdeveloped yet. But some vegetables are grown for the industrial oil, medicine manufacture, feed forage and green manure. 3) Ornamental flowers are grown for the cutflower and garden flower. From these results, It is believed that introduction and adaptability test must be conducted for the increased net-income of Korean farmers.

Effect of Agricultural Chemicals on the Fruit Set of jonathan Apple Tree

Cheong, Sam Taek,Syn, Yeong Beom,Kim, Ik Hong 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1983 硏究報告 Vol.11 No.-

농약撒布가 사과나무의 花叢數와 着果에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 1982年 慶北大學校 附屬果樹園에서 紅玉나무를 供試하여 現在 市販되고 있는 Decis외 3種의 농약을 사용하여 開花期에 幼果期에 처리한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 有用花叢數의 着生은 Ripcord와 Decis-1區가 67.6%와 77.1%로서 낮은 편이였고 Decis-3區와 Pirimor區가 花叢數 着生率이 높았다. (2) 開花期 撒布가 果叢數 着生에 미치는 영향은 Decis-1區가 37.9%로서 가장 낮았고 Ripcord區가 40日이 경과한 후에는 果叢의 着生率이 88.6%로서 높았다. (3) 開花期에 農藥撒布後 初期果實의 着果率은 Pirimor區가 41.8%로서 높았고, Decis-2와 Ripcord區가 낮은 편이었다. (4) 幼果期에 農藥撒布後 着果率은 Mep區가 19.3%로서 가장 낮았고 Pirimor區가 33.3%로서 높았다. 그리고 40일이 경과하였을 때 着果率을 조사한 결과 역시 Pirimor區가 12.2%의 着果率을 나타내었다. 以上의 결과 開花期 혹은 幼果期에 發生되는 害蟲의 방제를 위하여 果樹園에서 방화곤충의 비산과 果實 着果等을 고려할 때 사용가능한 농약은 비교적 그 害가 적은 Pirimor를 사용하는 것이 果實生産에 크게 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않는다고 생각된다.

Calcium Hydroxide 처리가 양앵두 果實의 品質에 미치는 영향

정삼택,김유신,전상항,김익홍 경북대학교 1990 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.11 No.-

양앵두 佐藤錦 및 Napoleon品種을 供試하여 Ca(OH)_2 處理濃度 및 處理回數에 따른 果實生長, 果實品質, 칼슘축적 및 裂果에 미치는 影響을 調査하였던바 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 양앵두 果實生長은 佐藤錦품종에서 收穫1週前 Ca(OH)_2 처리농도간에는 차이가 없었으나, Napoleon품종에서 Ca(OH)_2 처리회수가 증가 할수록 抑制되었다. 2. 可溶性 固形物과 Anthocyanin함량은 Ca(OH)_2 처리농도 및 처리회수를 증가 할수록 감소하였으나, 유기산 함량은 증가하였다. 3. 果實內 칼슘축적은 Ca(OH)_2 처리농도 및 처리회수가 증가 할수록 증가하였고, 佐藤錦 품종에서 과실내 칼슘함량은 과피, 종자, 과육, 핵의 순이였고, Napoleon품종에서는 종자, 과피, 과육, 핵의 순이였다. 4. 裂果방지를 위한 Ca(OH)_2 처리는 7.2g/l를 수확 3주전부터 1週間隔으로 3회 살포하는 것이 열과를 감소시키는데 효과적이였다. The study was conducted to investigate the influences of several concentrations of Ca(OH)_2 and application time on fruit growth, quality, contents of Ca in fruits and cracking of 'sa Tou Nisiki' and 'Napoleon' sweet cherry. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In Ca(OH)_2 treatments, the fruit growth of 'Sa Tou Nisiki' and 'Napoleon' sweet cherry was not influenced by its concentrations but by application times of Ca(OH)_2. 2. Contents of soluble solids and anthocyanin according to concentreation and application of Ca(OH)_2 were decreased, while titratable acidity was increased respectively. 3. Contents of Ca in the fruit according to concentration and application of Ca(OH)_2 were increased and Ca contents in both fruits differ from fruit portions. 4. Preharvest application of Ca(OH)_2 by 0.72% and three times applications reduced cracking of 'Sa Tou Nisiki' and 'Napoleon' sweet cherry. From these results, twice applications of Ca(OH)_2 to the sweet cherry are recommended for the best fruit quality, the authors believed.

전자냉동 김치독의 열유동 및 성능 특성

송규석(Kyu-Soek Song),김경환(Kyung-Hwan Kim),이재헌(Jae-Heon Lee),오명도(Myung-Do Oh),김익홍(Ik-Hong Kim) 대한설비공학회 1998 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.1998 No.6-3