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흡연 예방 교육프로그램이 남자중학생의 흡연에 대한 지식과 태도에 미치는 효과
김인홍 지역사회간호학회 2003 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Purpose: To examine the effect of a smoking prevention program on changing the knowledge and attitude toward smoking behavior of male middle school students. Method: A total of 69 male middle school students participated in this study. Each of them was assigned to either smoking prevention program (n=35) or to a control group (n=34). The intervention for the experiment group was developed by the investigator. The questionnaires for assessing knowledge and attitude were created by modifying scaled employed in previous studies. Result: 1) The experimental group with smoking prevention program showed higher scores in knowledge for smoking harmfulness in comparison with the control group (F=18.782, p=.000). 2) The experimental group with the smoking prevention program showed lower scores in attitude toward smoking behavior in comparison with the control group (F=17.483,p=.000). Conclusion: The results showed that the smoking prevention program was effective on improving knowledge and attitude toward smoking behavior in male middle school students. More studies on development of comprehensive smoking prevention programs for adolescents need to be conducted in the future. 흡연은 현대 건강문제의 위험요인 중 가장 대표적인 요인으로, 금연을 통해 많은 질병 예방이 가능하다는 점 에서 관심의 초점이 되고 있다(Lee, 1990). 또한 흡연은 DSM-IV에도 물질관련 장애로 분류되어 있으며, 니코틴 의존은 기분장애, 불안장애, 기타 물질관련장애와 관련이 있다(APA, 1994). 1956 년 미국과 영국에서 담배가 폐암의 원인이라는 학술보고가 있은 후, 외국에서는 담배의 해독에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어졌고, 미국의 흡연율은 1950년 말에 최고의 흡연율에 이르렀으나 정부와 민간단체의 운동으로 점차 흡연율이 낮아지고 있다(Shisslak & Crago, 1992). 하지만 우리나라는 미국 (28.6%), 영국(29%), 독일(38.6%)등 선진국들에 비해 15세 이상 남자의 흡연율이 61%로 세계 최고 수준이다(Kim, Kee, Oh & Yoo, 1997). 특히, 청소년과 여성의 흡연율은 최근 들어 급격히 증가하는 추세로 Korean Association of Smoking & Health(2000)에 의하면 우리나라 고등학교 남학생의 흡연율은 1988년 23.9%에서 1999년 32.6%로 증가하였으며 여고생은 1991년 2.4%였으나 1999년도에는 7.5%로 흡연율이 증가하였다. 또한 중학교 남학생의 흡연율은 1988년 2.7%였던 것이 1999년 6.2%로 증가였으며 여중생도 1991년 1.2%였던 것이 1999년도에는 3.1%로 흡연율이 증가하는 것으로 보아흡연연령 시작이 점점 낮아지고 있음을 알 수 있어 청소년 흡연의 심각성이 우려되는 수준에 이르고 있다.
김인홍 한국아동간호학회 2005 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.11 No.4
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group art therapy on the withdrawn behavior, social behavior, social problems, anxiousness/depression, internalizing problems,total behavior problems and self-esteem in children who are withdrawn. Method: A randomized controlled pre-post test design was used. The participants were 31 children who were withdrawn attending J. P. Elementary School in Pohang City. Sixteen were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The program consisted of20 sessions of 80 minutes per session, 2 days a week, for 10 weeks. Instruments used for this study were the Children's Behavior Check List -Korean version (K-CBCL) and a self-esteem inventory. The data were analyzed using Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Thescores for withdrawn behavior, social problems, anxiousness/depression, internalizing problems and total behavior problems decreased significantly in the experimental group as compare to the control group. Social behavior and self-esteem increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the pontential and beneficial effects of group art therapy in children who are withdrawn. The program could be adequately used to improve problem behavior in withdrawn children.