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鄭珍梅(Zheng Zhenmei),姜燕(Jiang Yan) 중국어문학연구회 2021 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.127
Based on Mr. Wang Li"s theory of the preposition of the object of "Shi", this article examines "Shang Shu" (Xi Zhou), "Shi Jing" (Xi Zhou), "Zuo Zhuan" (Chun Qiu), "Guo Yu" (Chun Qiu), "Lun Yu" (Chun Qiu and Zhan Guo), "Meng Zi" (Zhan Guo), "Xunzi" (Zhan Guo). 668 cases of corpus were extracted from several documents, and they were divided into general object preposition, redirect object preposition and redirect subject preposition by "Shi" sentence pattern. The syntactic structure of these three types of object prepositions, referential situations, and tightness issues are examined, and the process of alternating use of the three types is also examined from a diachronic perspective.
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논문(論文) : 《논어(論語)》 《맹자(孟子)》에 나타난 동사 "위(謂)"의 어법특징 고찰
정진매,변형우 한국중문학회 2014 中國文學硏究 Vol.0 No.56
對於``彼民有常性, 織而衣, 耕而食, 是謂同德.(《莊子ㆍ馬蹄》)``之類句子中的``是謂``, 王力(1980[2002]:357)認爲``是``是動詞``謂``的賓語前置, 這類句子번譯起來應該是``人們把他叫做什마``.但有的學者提出此類句子的``是``不應看成是``謂``的賓語前置, 認爲這裏的``是``與``富與貴, 是人之所欲也.``(《論語ㆍ里仁》)之類句子的``是``相同, 都是複指主語, 如郭廣敬(1984).王冠軍(1984)還提出, 句子裏幷不存在``人們``的義項, 將這個義項譯出比較勉强, 說這樣的句子應是主謂結構.這樣的意見分기是忽視了``謂``的句法及語義特點而産生的.本文爲了弄淸``是謂``句中``是``的歸屬, 詳細考察了《論語》和《孟子》中``謂``的用法.對於``謂``的用法主要在以下4個方面進行了分析:1.``謂``對人的評價2.``謂``的``告訴``義3.``謂``對事實或命題的評價4.疑問代詞``何``和``謂``的結合使用考察發現``謂``一般都帶有雙賓語, 根據``謂``的義項不同, 形成基本句型和活用句型.在活用句型上, 對象賓語主題化形成多種類型的句子.本文考察的``謂``的句型如下:``謂``用於對人的評價如下表:``謂+O1+O2``基本句型6例``謂+O1+O2``活用句型O1主題化T(O1)+(其)可+謂+O22例若T(O1)+(則)可+謂+O21例T(O1)+之+謂+O21例T(O1)+謂+之+O21例O2主題化TL(O2)+O1之+謂(也)2例``謂``的``說``義句型如下表:``謂+O1+O2``基本句型兼語句6例只出現O1或者O23例``謂+O1+曰+O2``15例``謂``對事實或者命題的評價基本句型如下表:T(O1)較短T(O1)+謂+之+O22例T(O1)+之+謂+O22例T(O1)較長TL(O1)+皆+謂+O21例TL(O1)+S+不+謂+O22例TL(O1)+則+謂+之+O2(假設)1例TL(O1)+故+謂+O2(原因)1例TL(O1)+此之謂+O2(假設)1例``謂``對事實或者命題的評價活用句型如下表:T(O1)較短T(O1)+謂+之+O212例T(O1)+是謂+O23例T(O1)+之謂+O26例T(O1)+(可)謂+O212例T(O1)+(斯)謂+之+O21例T(O1)較長TL(O1)+此之謂+O25例TL(O1)+TL(O2)+此之謂也(斯之謂(與))14例TL(O1)+謂+O24例TL(O1)+是之謂+O22例TL(O1)+(可)謂+O210例``何謂``句型如下表:T[O1(何)]+謂+O28例TL(O1)+O2(何)+謂10例當用``是``複指的時候, ``是``位於動詞``謂``之前, ``是``幷有複指主題的傾向.這一點在``是謂``之類的固定結構中有所體現.使用``謂``的句子語義特點帶有評價語義時, ``是謂``句的``謂``還有語義脫落現象.如``以不敎民戰, 是謂棄之.``(《論語13·3》)這類句子也可以說成是"以不敎民戰, 是棄之.".``彼民有常性, 織而衣, 耕而食, 是謂同德.(《莊子ㆍ馬蹄》)``這類句子正是"謂"的語義脫落現象的體現。這裏的``是``是爲了主題化而形成的``謂``的語義上的賓語前置, ``是``幷有複指主題的傾向。
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강연 ( Jiang Yan ),정진매 ( Zheng Zhenmei ) 한국중국학회 2018 중국학보 Vol.85 No.-
本文以春秋戰國時期作品≪國語≫中代詞“其”所屬語料爲考察對象,通過具體數據討論了≪國語≫中“其”的句法位置和句式結構以及其特徵。結論爲:第一,如馬建忠(1998),王力(2003)先生所述,“其”作定語外,還可作主語和賓語。作定語的“其”共有1000例,作主語的“其”共有53例,作賓語的“其”共有2例。從其數量上看,在≪國語≫中,“其”作定語占絶對優勢,作主語的現象只是零星分布,“其”作賓語的情況少之又少。第二,從句法結構上來看,在≪國語≫中,作定語的“其”存在於七個句式中,卽,“S+V+O”句式,“S+A”句式以及其他相關句式,“S+V+O+C”句式,“S+V1+O1+V2+O2”句式以及其他相關句式,“S+PREP+O1+V+O2”或“S+V+O1+PREP+O2”句式以及其他相關句式,“S+O”句式,“S大,S+V+O”。作主語的“其”存在於四個句式中,卽,“S+V+O”句式,“S+A”句式,“S+PREP+O1+V+O2”句式,“S+O”句式。作賓語的“其”存在於兩個句式中,卽,“S+V+O”句式和“S+V1+O1+O2”句式。句法結構特徵可歸納爲:首先≪國語≫中“其”所屬句式結構較復雜一些。其次從比例上看,無論是作定語,還是作主語,“S+V+O”句式均是常見句式。最後≪國語≫中“其”還常存在於較復雜的句式結構當中,例如“S+V1+O1+V2+O2”以及其他相關句式,“S+PREP+O1+V+O2”或“S+V+O1+PREP+O2”以及其他相關句式。本文僅站在專書硏究的角度上,考察了≪國語≫中“其”的句法位置和所屬句式之結構特點。至於共時層面上“其”的句法特點,歷時層面上“其”的句法特點,還是今後繼續考察的課題。 This paper only from the special book research angle, research works of Spring and autumn period ‘Guoyu’ ‘Qi’ syntactic position and the sentence structure features. The features of the syntactic structure of the pronoun ‘Qi’ in The sentence can be summarized as follows:First, in the ‘Guoyu’, it can be used as both attributive and subject and object.Second, from the syntactic point of view, in ‘Guoyu’, the attributive ‘Qi’ exists in seven sentence patterns, namely, ‘S+V+O’, ‘S+A’ and other related sentence patterns, ‘S+V+O+C’, ‘S+V1+O1+V2+O2’ and other related sentence patterns, ‘S+PREP+O1+PREP+O2’ or ‘S+V+O1+PREP+O2’ and other related sentence patterns, ‘S+O’ and ‘S,S+V+O’. The subject ‘Qi’ exists in four sentence patterns, namely, ‘S+V+O’, ‘S+A’, ‘S+PREP+O1+V+O2’ and ‘S+O’. ‘Qi’ as an object exists in two sentence patterns, namely, ‘S+V+O’ and ‘S+V1+O1+O2’.
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