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허병기,목영일 한국화학공학회 1980 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.18 No.1
多成分系를 輕質 Key 成分과 重質 Key 成分으로 形成된 擬二成分系로 看做하고 系의 平均 比揮發度를 最上段과 最低段에서의 Key 成分의 幾何 平均으로 假定하는 등의 單純化 과정을 통하여 精密度는 多少犧牲하고 보다 신속한 그리고 지루한 試行錯誤法의 반복 계산을 迂回하는 새로운 精溜塔設計法을 提示하였다. 溜出液 및 塔低液의 組成, 最小 理論段數, 最小 還流比 計算法은 물론 하드웨어(Hardware)의 實際設計에 필요한 塔半徑, 높이, 段間隔, 熱負荷計算 등에 最適한 計算式을 提示하였다. 特히 全理論 段數를 求할 수 있는 圖解를 導出함으로서 복잡한 反復計算을 피하여 손쉽게 全 理論段數를 計算할 수 있게 하였다. 本 硏究에서 적용한 假定 및 單純化의 妥富性을 論證하기 위하여 Smith-Brinkly 簡易設計法(SB), Fenske-Underwood-Erbar-Maddox 簡易設計法(FUEM) 및 逐大段計算法(SBSM)에 의한 實際設計例를 本 硏究의 計算結果와 比較 檢討하여 상기 方法中 精密度가 가장 높은 SBSM과의 誤差는 約 10% 내외라는 것을 確認하였다. Use of iterative stepwise methods has been a common practice in designing multicomponent distillation columns, Sometimes, it is difficult to justify iterative calculations from the point of view of cost·effectiveness, particularly when the input information does not have precision or accuracy, or when one simply does not have sufficient information for the system under study. In this work a new method was proposed whereby quick and simple procedures give rise to values of 14 different parameters needed for the design of a column for a multicomponent distillation. Several simplifying assumptions are made in the course; the usual one of a quasi-binary in which the average relative volatility is represented by a geometric mean of relative volatilities of the light key referred to the heavy in the bottoms over the light key referred to the heavy in the distillate, Prater and Boyd's approximation for column efficiency, approximations for expedience that arise in the actual mechanical fabrications of columns according to the common industrial practice, and other simplifications in the heat exchanger calculations. In order to validate the proposed method, comparisons are made with other popular methods such as Smith-Brinkly Short-Cut Method(SB), Fenske-Underwood-Erbar-Maddox Short-Cut Method(FUEM) and Step-by-Step Method(SBSM) by means of an actual design example. Departure from the results by the Step-by-Step method was about l096, the latter being the method yielding the highest accuracy as well as precision. Also, in this work procedures are presented for calculations of several hardware parameters of a distillation column and of heat exchangers annexed to the column.
허병기,조동섭,왕한신,나민주,김민희 한국초등교육학회 2002 초등교육연구 Vol.15 No.2
본 연구는 소위 '중초임용'이 초등학교 조직풍토에 야기한 변화와 영향을 조사·분석하기 위한 것이다. 분석을 위한 학교조직풍토는 사기와 헌신, 일체성, 친밀성, 개방성, 협동성의 영역을 설정하였고, 그 영향 분석은 일반교사와 교장 교감을 대상으로 한 질문지조사와 면접조사를 통해 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 학교조직풍토는 중초교사들의 유입에도 불구하고 전체적으로는 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나, 교사의 사기, 초등교사로서의 자긍심, 교사간 결속력 등 심리적인 측면에서는 부정적인 영향이 있었던 것으로 조사되었으며, 직접 직무를 수행하는 과정에서 겪게 되는 교사간의 상호작용이나 협동, 그리고 교직사회의 개방성 등에서는 어느 정도 긍정적인 영향이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. The purpose of this study is to analysis of the effect on the school organization climate of the elementary school teachers with secondary school teacher license(ETST). The categories of this survey are morale and devotion, cohesiveness, intimacy, openness and collaboration. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the survey and interview are performed to teachers, principal and assistant principal. The result of this study are as follows: 1. The aspect of morale and devotion in school organizational climate is not changed since the ETST is arranged the school. But the negative effect was revealed on the volition, enthusiasm, pride of teachers. 2. The aspect of cohesiveness in school organizational climate is not changed. But negative effect was revealed on the friendship, cohesiveness and unity among teachers. 3. The aspect of intimacy in school organizational climate is not changed. But the negative effect was revealed on the trust, relationship, communication among teachers. 4. The aspect of openness in school organizational climate is not changed. But the positive effect was revealed on the variety, diversity, individuality among teachers. 5. The aspect of collaboration in school organizational climate is not changed But the positive effect shows in the interaction among teachers.