언어직관에 대한 소통적 고찰

박인진 釜山外國語大學校 比較文化硏究所 2000 比較文化硏究 Vol.11 No.-

Linguistic intuition depends on how language is defined. Language being a symbol, linguistic intuition is the knowledge to make correct linguistic forms. Language, however, being an instrument of communication, linguistic intuition is the knowledge to use correct linguistic forms properly. Then, language users must be able to understand both proper language-use and correct language-form. This competence is accumulated in the knowledge of language-form and language-use, and, the knowledge, being subconscious, is called linguistic intuition. As language is composed of meaning and expression, Chomsky(1968:3) argued, the grammar of language is the system of rules that specifies the sound-meaning correspondence. This correspondence naturally reflects the knowledge of language-use and language-form: Pragmatic appropriateness is the knowledge of language-use to be concerned with speaker, listener, and environment, and grammatical wellformedness is the knowledge of not only linear and hierarchical structure, but also distinctive and classificative system. In conclusion, linguistic intuition is the competence of recognizing sound-meaning correspondence, linguistic competence consists of the subconscious knowledge of the appropriateness in language-use and the wellformedness in language-form. Then linguistic intuition, linguistic competence, and linguistic knowledge all can be used in the same meaning, and linguistics should be to study the nature of language and communication.

잘못 분포된 최적 이음

박인진(In jin Park) 현대문법학회 2013 현대문법연구 Vol.74 No.-

“Support /səpɔˊ:rt/” may be pronounced as follows: [səpʰ ɔˊ:rt] or [spʰɔˊ:rt]. In English phonology the latter [spʰɔˊ:rt] has more phonologically critical problems than [ə] is deleted, because [pʰ] shouldn t normally appear after [s]. Although [pʰ] is an allophone of /p/, it even distinguishes [spʰɔˊ:rt] “support”and [spʼɔˊ:rt] “sport”in meaning. This phonological inconsistency, which is not explained in rule-based phonology, is neatly explained in Optimality Theory. As Optimality Theory is a constraint-based phonology, misdistributed allophones can be also optimal forms, because optimal forms can violate constraints, which are lower than decisive ones in ranking, and be chosen by ranking constraints differently.

문화로서의 언어

박인진 釜山外國語大學校 1997 外大論叢 Vol.17 No.1

It is often said that the world is one. This means that we cannot but experience a lot of different cultures. So ‘future’ is called the age of information and communication. In the age of global village like this, many competent interpreters are needed. Then, culture is represented in behaviour so called a way of life. Communication is also performed with the intention of exchanging information, and the media of communication is called a language. With this language we may express the experience of the world in different ways. and the difference of language results in the cultural differences. Furthermore, cultural property is arbitrarily related with behaviour. The relation is social and conventional. This explanation can be also applied to explain a language composed of expression and content. A language, thus, reflects cultural needs, values. beliefs, attitudes etc. Especially, needs is a ‘behaviour starter,’ values is a ‘behaviour guide’, beliefs is ‘truth’ or ‘probability,’and attitudes is ‘favour’ or ‘unfavour.’ All this knowledge may be also included in ‘linguistic intuition’ suggested by Chomsky. Therefore, both culture and communication can be defined as a ‘pattern of behaviour,’ which human beings do habitually within a given social environment. Then a language can be studied as a part of culture. In real, a language is becoming increasingly valuable as a guide to the scientific study of a given culture, because a language is guide to social reality, and a language plays a large and significant role in the totality of culture.

한국문화에 나타난 색깔의 상징성

박인진 부산 외국어 대학교 2000 外大論叢 Vol.20 No.1

To understand how human beings symbolize their physical experience and express the symbol, their behaviour, environment, and world-view such as needs, value, beliefs, attitude etc., should be studied. These are the contents of the expression to be symbolized in a given culture. Color symbolism in Korea is, then, natural to depend on the symbolized contents. This variety of color symbolism in Korea is explained by comparing the aboriginal culture with the naturalized one. The naturalized influence depends on the frequency and attitude contacting the foreign culture. And, the sooner, the more the naturalization is. This is, in Korea, shown up in the five elements of the Chinese cosmogony: Direction, taste, internal organs, emotion, season etc. symbolized by color all correspond to the five elements of the Chanese cosmogony. Nowadays, western culture being flooded into Korea, color symbolism helps to explain cultural variety by representing not only color but also the others.

문장의 속성

박인진 부산 외국어 대학교 2002 外大論叢 Vol.25-2 No.-

Sentences are, generally, understood as the basic unit of linguistics, because they are units of formal expression to independently communicate a meaning with each other. In this study, it is found out that sentences can be defined in terms of essential properties of language - expression, meaning, function, and form. Constituents of a sentential expression is conventionally arranged in a linear order. Sentential boundaries are marked by intonation and pause. Sentential meaning, which is segmented by intonation and pause, is an object to be represented by sentential expression, and is segmented into constituents by semantic roles. These constituents segmented are combined together in accordance with their roles. And sentential forms are systematized by constituents linear structure, for linguistic forms are the compositional patterns of expression representing meaning and function.

고대영어 명사의 어말 고모음 탈락에 대하여

박인진 부산 외국어 대학교 1993 外大論叢 Vol.11 No.1

As the morphological structure of old English noun is "stem+(ending)", word-final high vowel comprises a part of ending or stem. And the phonological process of word-final high vowel is divided into deletion, lowering and zero-variation. To specify these phonological processes, suprasegmental properties in old English need to be understood first. All speech sounds being composed of suprasegmental(quantitative) and segmental(qualitative) properties, in old English, stress is put on a stem only. In deleting word-final high vowel, segmental properties are more important than suprasegmental ones. Because stressed vowels are never deleted and all word-final high vowels are unstressed. Actually, segmental sequence between stressed vowel and word-final high vowel enables us to make it a rule to describe the deletion of word-final vowel. By lowering word-final front high vowel after applying this rule, phonological processes of word-final high vowel-deletion, lowering and zero-variation-are predictable.

문화의 기호성

박인진 釜山外國語大學校 1998 外大論叢 Vol.19 No.1

A human being, as a physical reality, needs the living environment for the self-existence. The environment, then, is classified into physical and social one. For a human being is social, and becomes a member of the society that he belongs to for himself. This process needs the way of living appropriate for the given environment, and the way of living is called 'culture.' Culture, thus, has all the kinds of information about its prototype and application, because it is learned through the living-experience in the given environment. Then, culture can be explained in terms of semiotic nature : Sign is defined as something that serves to indicate the presence or existence of something. The sign has the segmental, dual, arbitrary, symbolic, social, conventional, and transmissible nature. The nature of sign should be also learned as well as learning culture. In this study, the semiotic nature of culture can be verified by observing the real living-experience based on semiotics.

생성문법의 기저부문에 대한 심리학적 타당성

박인진 釜山 外國語 大學校 1991 外大論叢 Vol.9 No.1

One fundamential problem of linguists, particularly psychologists, is to explain how people are able to carry out the two common everyday activities of producing and understanding sentences. Structural linguistics, supposing that the basic language abilities of speakers are acquired by experience, explains the abilities with the concepts of stimulus, response, and connections within a behaviorist(anti-mentalist) framework. Generative transformational grammer, however, accounts for them with abstract rules and the systems which are conceived within a mentalistc framework. The latter assumes the speakers' internalized innate liguistic knowledge, by which unlimited number of novel and grammatical sentences can be produced, and call it language acquisition, LAD is formalized as model of universal grammar by Chomsky. While sentence-structure is described in accordance with patterns of combining lexical parts of speech structural lingusitics, it is formalized into a more specified rule-system in generative transfprmational grammar, in which a grammar is considered as a set of definite rules. A sentence being a linear arrangement of particular word, sequential constraints in every subcomponent of grammar can be described with lexical features after revised-extended standard theory, according to the lexicalizt hypothesis, that is, a word is a set of lexical information. In orther word, most of psychological facts having influence on linguistic abilities can be described with lexical features. Therefore, the base component of generative grammar has psychological reality or adequacy and is also a necessary component for every potential grammar.

영어 명령표현에 나타나는 완곡어법의 정도성

박인진(In jin Park) 현대문법학회 2014 현대문법연구 Vol.80 No.-

The diversity of euphemistic command in English is worth studying if the aim of linguistics is to fully understand the human mind. It is clear that some euphemistic degrees are found among various command-expressions with semantic and syntactic differences although they bear the same message and usage. Euphemism is a generally innocuous expression used instead of offensive or unpleasant one. That is, the aim of euphemism is to alleviate hearers offensive and unpleasant feelings of something, and the way of euphemism, to express those indirectly. Thus, degrees of euphemism from speakers attitudes can not but be expressed in various indirect expressions. Syntactic differences show that euphemistic degrees are gradually raised or lowered in accordance with (in-)directness of expressing the same message: questions > statements > directives. And speakers attitudes also produce the euphemistic degrees of tense and mood: past > present, and subjunctive > indicative > imperative, respectively.

"머하노?"와 "머하나?"

박인진 현대문법학회 2008 현대문법연구 Vol.53 No.-