혼자이되 혼자이지 않은 청년들의 삶을 위하여

강수언 우리신학연구소 2017 가톨릭 평론 Vol.7 No.-

韓·英語의 格(CASE) 比較 : 英作文 指導의 觀点 In Relation to the Teaching of English Composition

康壽彦 제주대학 1978 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

韓·英語의 狀態表現 比較 : 英語敎育의 觀点

康壽彦 제주대학교 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

This paper has attempted to compare "stative expressions" in English with those in Korean from semantic and pragmatic point of view. Both English and Korean verbs refer either to an event or to a state, but in Korean there are very few verbs which are exclusively used as "state verbs. " Instead, in Korean, the compound verb structures "-고 있다" and "-어 있다" are used to denote the existence of state as the result of a perfected action or process. For example, the English sentence, "Mr. Kim is in the U.S." is equivalent to the Korean sentence, "김군은 미국에 가 있다. (Literally, Mr. Kim went and is in the U.S.)" Here, the Korean speaker interprets the state of Mr. Kim's being in the U.S. as the result of Mr. Kim's intentional action, "going over to the U. S. ; while the English speaker simply cognizes what kind of state exists before his eyes, or at a given time. Any stative phenomenon can be viewed either as a certain state existing at a certain time, or as a result of a perfected action or process. The English speaker seems to be inclined to view such an extralinguistic phenomenon as a state which exists under his eyes and get it into his "linguistic camera" as if to photograph still life. On the other hand, the Korean speaker interprets a state as a result of an action or process, and traces back the past action or process to its original point as if to follow and watch a video tape which is being played in reverse. This seems to be the reason why there are by far more stative expressions in English than in Korean. In this sense, it is permissible to say that English expressions are "stative" and Korean expressions "actional".

韓ㆍ英語의 俗談 比較

康壽彦 제주대학교 1977 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

In this paper, tile writer attempts to compare Korean Proverbs with English proverbs to see their similarities and differences between the two nations' ways of thinking, their values, their national characteristics, and the peculiar features of their expressions as reflected in the proverbs. First of all, strong similarities can be seen in the style and thought content of the two nations' proverbs. They are bath short in form like many of the other proverbs of the world. Most of the Eng1ish proverbs consist of five to seven words, and most of the Korean proverbs from four to eleven syllables. Other stylistic similarities are found in the literary technique of "balance" which divides a proverbial sentence into two similar sized farts by putting a comma. Thus, such patterns as "Least said, soonest mended" or "Love me little, love me long" abound in English proverbs; and the pattern of "가는 방망이, 오는 홍두깨" in Korean proverbs. Noticeable is the sharp contrast between the first half and the second half, that is, the protasis vs. the apodosis. English proverbs also make maximum use of alliteration, rhymes, and diaphones; while Korean proverbs resort to melodic quality in the arrangement of words for easier memorization. As for ideas and values, there are considerable differences between the two peoples. Due to the different tradition, such English proverbs as" God made the country and man made the town" have no equivalent among Korean proverbs. Rather than the exposure to the wisdom of nature, Koreans wished to be townsmen or at least wanted to send their children to the town for totter education. Koreans wished love of their children, also, is reverse to the idea reflected in the Eglish proverb, "Spare the rod and spoil the child. "The neglect of physical labor by the Korean feudatories seems to have enervated the proverbial expressions of urging "early rising" "independence" and "strenuous exertions". The Korean people seem to have valued hereditary factors, in judging others, above ability and productivity which are most important criteria to the English people. Thus, the English proverb, "The tree is kuown by its fruit" sharply contrasts with the Korean proverb, "Only beans will come out if beans are sowed." Some of the English proverbs often lead Koreans to interpret them with a mislaid focus. Only a few Koreans know that "It's no use crying over spilt milk" tells us not to just sit down and moan but to put it right or start a new project and that "First come, first served" is a protest against favoritism. Strikingly, in the thought content of proverbs is Koreans' optimistic view of life in spite of their poverty and hard life, government's oppression, and discrimination in social life, Korean proverbs also show how they attached great importance to filial duty and ancestor worship, how they consoled themselves and cheered up others in their suffering, and how they practiced frugality. Opinion is divided on the question whether the proverbs of a nation reflect their national characteristics or not. The writer, however, thinks that some proverbs reflect the common aspects of human beings and others the peculiar aspects of tribal wisdom, experiences and rules of conduct. He is, therefore, of the opinion that a careful comparison and examination of these latter kinds of proversbs can provide insight into the effects of cultural conditions and national characteristics. Though Koreans retain the proverbs reflecting obsolete ideas, it can be said that both of the Korean and Eng1ish proverbs are still expressing their universal minds and feelings on one hand, and on the other their peculiar ways of thinking, values, and lessons acquired from their accumulated experiences all useful not only to the present generation but also to future generations.

言語習得과 理論과 英語敎育의 現場手順

康壽彦 제주대학교 1974 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

I have discussed, in this paper, ① how the structural linguistics and behavioristic psychology have come to weaken their hold on the interest of younger scholars, ② what limitations they had so as to be exposed to the severe criticism of generative-transformational grammar and cognitive psychology, ③ what Chomsky's view of language acquisition is, as shown in his Language and Mind, ④ what advances have been made by its neighboring disciplines for the theoretical justification of generative grammar, ⑤ whether second language learning is like the first, ⑥ whether contrastive analysis is imperatively necessary in second language teaching, ⑦ what suggestions the transformational-cognitive theory has lent to the teaching methods and so forth. The comparison of audiolingual habit theory(A-L) and transformational cognitive theory(T-C)in the light of the above consideration, leads me to think that T-C and A-L have much in common, as applied to second language teaching. Both recognize that languages are partly like and partly unlike, Both schools bave tried to enable the student to understand all and produce only grammatical utterances of the target language. If "habit formation"-a central disagreement between T-C and A-L-does not mean automatic sequence of responses to particular stimuli but "attainment of unhesitating accuracy", then it is a goal not only A-L but also adherents of T-C aim-or surely ought to. I do not believe that either T-C or A-L is perfectly correct and perfectly comprehensive. Yet each theory has considerable elements of truth and value. They are complementary to each other in improving language teaching. Teachers who favor A-L are apt to reject the T-C theory and its suggestions but this kind of attitude cannot be productive at all. We should try to study and make use of those new findings and suggestions made by T-C. In fact, T-C has given a number of practical suggestions as I have illustrated in this paper. Above all, T-C adequately suggests that some of the extreme restrictions of A-L should be relaxed and that techniques requiring a more active use of the student's mental power should be developed. Apparently it will hinder the student in second language learning if he lacks any one of the following : exposure to the use of the target language, rule internalization, habit formation, actual use of the language in actual situations.

韓ㆍ英語의 時制 比較

康壽彦 제주대학 1979 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This paper attempts to compare the meanings of the tense and aspect forms of Korean with those of English. Thus, the morphological devices of "- Ø -" "-고 있 -" "-었'" "-었었-" and " -겠- /-ㄹ 것- " were contrasted respectively with the present, present progressive, past, past perfect, and future tense forms of the English language in order to see the semantic similarities and differences between the two tense systems. The Present tense forms, in both languages, indicate events or states "existing" physically in speech time or mentally in the speaker's thoughts. In this respect, it can be said that the present is timeless and that it extends without limit on both sides of "now." Practical usage of the English tense forms, however, tells us that the speaker of English gives importance to the logical formality of its syntactic structure and follows the sequence of tenses. On the other hand, the speaker of Korean attaches more importance to the contextual meaning than to the grammatical formality. Once a certain temporal situation is given, the speaker is allowed to move his point of sight along the "line of time" and often different tense forms are used to denote the same "time event" in the same sentence or discourse. The Present progressive form of Korean is, too, provided with descriptive, characterzing and emotional-coloring functions as likewise in English. Only seldom is the Korean form used to denote the immediate future. The Past tense forms, in both languages, denote events or states that are absent from that part of the real world where the verb is being spoken. In addition, the Korean past forms involve an aspectual element which is equivalent to the Present Perfect tense in English. Hence, Korean students of English sometimes commit an error in making "overgeneralizations": e.g. Many people have been dying in 1950. (for Many people died in 1950.) As will / shall involve both modal and future meanings, so do the Korean future forms "-겠- / -ㄹ 것-." As will is superseding shall in simple future or in volitional future, so, in Korean, the use of "- 겠 -" is no longer restricted to the first person or to the denotation of volition, but it has come to denote both simple and volitional future events and states.

韓英語의 文章副詞 比較 : Modality vs. 命題를 중심으로 Modality versus Proposition

康壽彦 제주대학교 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

This paper has attempted to seek some unified principles of explanation in discriminating "sentence adverbials" from the other kinds of adverbs both in English and in Korean. These principles have been set forth as follows: (1) Every utterance or, sentence is composed of "modality" and "propositional contents." (2) "Sentence adverbials" are expressions of "modality'' and hence stand outside of the "propositional contents." (3) Modality expresses the speaker's mental and psychological attitude to what he is saying, his evaluation of it, or shades of certainty or doubt about it at the point of his utterance which could be rephrased as "at the speaker's instantaneous present." (4) Modality is outside the scope of functions of tense, aspects, negation, interrogation, ellipsis, and substitution. Therefore, modality cannot be the subject of any of them. In other words, tense, aspect, negation, interrogation, ellipsis, and substitution are related only to the propositional contents. These principles, which have been obtained and reaffirmed by examining more than a hundred sentences cited in this paper, are applicable not only to En81isk but also to the Korean language. This seems to imply that the dualism of modality and proposition is a linguistic universal in the sphere of semantic interpretation.

韓ㆍ英語의 敬語表現 比較

康壽彦 미래영어영문학회 1976 영어영문학 Vol.- No.1

Social 및 Data Curation이 여행정보 탐색과정에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : Serendipitous Information을 중심으로

강수언,이호근 한국경영정보학회 2014 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

최근 여행정보를 제공하는 온라인 상의 사이트들은 이용자들의 여행 일정, 장소, 목적에 맞게 관광 정보를 추천해 주는 Curation 기능을 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 이로 인해, 개인 여행자들은 추천 정보들 사이에서 우연히 필요한 정보를 발견할 가능성, 이러한 정보들을 의사결정에 활용하는 기회도 늘어나고 있다. 우연히 발견하는 정보 (Serendipitous information) 는 정보 탐색 과정에서 의도하지 않게 발견하여 정보탐색자의 인지과정에서 놀라움, 참신함, 흥미로움을 주는 정보로서 문제 상황을 보다 명료하게 만들거나 새로운 해결책을 도출하는데 도움을 주기도 한다는 점에서 기존의 검색을 통해 얻는 정보와 다른 특성을 갖고 있다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 Curation 서비스를 제공하는 관광정보 웹사이트에서 우연히 얻게 되는 정보들(Serendipitous Information)이 여행자들의 의사결정과정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 연구해보고자 한다. 추천 정보로 인한 인지 과정상 즐거움의 측면을 실증적으로 입증함으로써, 정보의 유용성 뿐 만 아니라 정보 탐색과정에서 느끼는 즐거움 또한 관광 정보 플랫폼이 갖추어야 할 중요한 요소임을 밝히고자 한다. 또한, 추천 정보의 “우연히 발견한 정보”라는 질적인 측면에 초점을 맞춤으로써 추천 정보의 효과를 새로운 관점에서 파악하고, Curation이라는 새로운 방식의 추천 기법이 정보 이용자들에게 미치는 영향력을 파악함으로써 추천 시스템 관련 연구의 관점을 넓히고자 한다.

韓英語의 主語와 主題

康壽彦 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

There are a number of linguists who deny the existence of subjects in Korean sentences. They assert that what seems to be a subject is only a part of predicate and not a grammatical category symmetrical to the predicate. The writer of this paper, however, proposes that the grammatical category of subjects should be recognized for a rational "description" of the regularity and generalization of Korean sentence structures; and points out some linguistic data which would not be convincingly explained without the concept of subjects. In this sense, Korean should, typologically, be classified as "subject-prominent and topic-prominent language," as Charles N. Li (1976) elucidated. Korean, however, has stronger characteristics of a "topic-prominent language" than those of a "subject-prominent." This is because the word order of a Korean sentence is so free as to bring any NP to the beginning of the sentence and make it the topic. In English, on the contrary, the word order is firmmly established and there are many it constraints to change the word order and to topicalize any other NP than the subject word. The interaction between language and thought has made English tend to grasp any external phenomenon as "a movement from one place to another", whereas Korean sees it as "a development of the situation." In English it is only natural to say, "John came to life" and "John went crazy", but Korean cannot use these words of movement, "come" and "go" in the above sense, Corresponding expressions of Korean will be "John became conscious." and "John became crazy." In English, the speaker gives particular prominence to the actor or subject of the sentence which is usually an "agentitive" human; but in Korean, the actor is apt to be dissolved into the background situation. Thus, "I can see a ship in the distance." and "What is audible?" in Korean. If personal pronouns are put at the beginning of a Korean sentence, it is probably meant to be a topic rather than a subject of the sentence, meaning "speaking of myself" or "as for you". For the samme reason of denying prominence to the subject, an expression of possessionis avoided in Korean and "To me there are the sons.", In the room there are two windows." are preferred to "I have three sons,", "The room has two windows." To sum up, English, because it pays attention to individuals that act or move from one place to another, may be considered as "the actor-or agent-centered language.", the Actor-ACTS type language", "HAVE type language.", "human-centered language", and "subject-prominent language"; whereas Korean, which pays more attention to the transition of the total phenomenon, may be considered as "the situation-oriented language," "nature-centered language", "BECOME type language", "BE type language", "non-human-centered language," and "topic-prominent language", although the features of subject-prominent language are also gradually turning up in Korea.