自我槪念과 不安에 關한 硏究

吉基烈 群山大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This paper's aim is to study the relation of self-concept and anxiety. Before this study, I suppose that the relation of self-concept and anxiety will disturb and restrict each other, and that they are related to be composed of be negative function. I also suppose that the relation of self-concept and anxiety is greatly interacted at the youth. Therefore if the control and construction of ego, at the youth, are made well, new psychological safety will grow and the psychological potentiality will be developed, at last we can guess that the above three ones, the youth's psychological development, self-concept and psychological anxiety are correlated closely. Till now self-concept, anxiety, psychological development of the youth have been studied well one another, but the relation of self-concept and anxiety is not studied well. So I will study about these. By the result of this study, I will take the materials of counseling. The main aims of this study are as follows. 1. The developmental status of self-concept and anxiety of junior senior and college students. 2. To test the relation of self-concept and anxiety.

島嶼敎育 計劃을 爲한 調査硏究 : 沃溝郡 島嶼地域을 中心으로 For the islanders of Okku-kun,Chunpuk

吉基烈,申鐵淳 群山敎育大學 1968 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

1. Introduction We have done this survey in order to find out the problems for improving the planning of the islanders' education. In this survey, we tried to study the actual conditions and problems of the island communities and schools. We used the method of the observation, the interview, the questionnaire, and the analysis of documentary data. We have done the survey from August 10, 1968 to August 25, 1968 with the 31 students of Kunsan Teachers' college. The result of the survey is as follows, Ⅱ. Result of survey 1. The actual condition and problems of the island communities 1) Geographical condition of islands There are 11 inhabited islands and 32 uninhabited islands, total 43 islands. These island are located in the range of 126˚15' to 126˚34' East Longitude and 35˚40' to 36˚10' North Latitude. These islands are the west direction from Kunsan. 2) Population and occupation The population of the island is 9,506 (male-4,704, female-4,803) and the number of the households is 1,466 according to the census of december 1966. most of the islanders are engaged in fishery 50%, and the others are engaged in the farming, the commerce and the liberal profession. It is a great problem that they can not earn their livings with their main occupations whole year around. About 65% of the inhabitants are half unemployed because of the defect of fishery funds and the need of the farmers' side lines in their leisure seasons. 3) Area of the farm and necessary cereal The area of the farm is 992.79ha and the yield of rice and other cereal a year is about 5,512.78hl. The necessary total amount of rice and other cereal a year is 7,316.87hl, and they have to purchase the needed cereal about 1,480hl from the land every year. 4) Traffic condition The traffic between the land and the islands is accomplished by a passenger boat 45t built by the budget of the government and that of the county on March, 1963. And it is able to connect between the land and islands only twice a month. The Board of Education built a boat 30t for the supervision of the island schools. But the islanders need to improve the traffic conditions of their community. 5) Religion In these islands, the majority of at least 80% of the inhabitants still believe in the primitive Shamanism, 12% of them Christianity, 5% of them Buddhism, and 3% of them others. As the shamanism flourishes remarkably in these islands, most of their customs are superstitious. It is one of the problems which we have to break down in order to improve ways of their life. 6) Standards of living The inhabitants' income is less than 60% of the national income of 1968. And their livings are so poor that about 86% cf them live on miscellaneous cereal such as burley and potatoes without rice the whole year around. The fact suggests that most of the children are under the malnutrition. 7) Point of view of life The point of view of life has been influenced by Confucianism for a long period. According to the Survey, we can see the characteristic point of view of life. For example, they have the point of view of predominance of man over woman. And most of them want to have their children as follows : four sons and two daughters. The fact suggests that they do not believe the idea of the equality of man and woman and the idea of respect of human beings. 8) Collective shape of the island communities The collective shape of the community is the natural village and village community. The trait of the consciousness of the inhabitants is closing and competitive to others. And the Agricultural-Cooperative-Union and the Fishery-Cooperative-Union can not accomplish their services. 9) Local patriotism Most of the islanders 60% have no local patriotism and they want to remove to the land. The reasons are as follows : 1. Their economic conditions are poor. 2. They think the fishery and farming in the islands are not the desirable occupations for promoting their living standards. 3. There are no secondary schools for the education of their children. 4. In the island, it is difficult to get the necessaries of life. 10) Concern with their children's education Most of the parents 80% want to teach their children elementary school course because of their economic difficulties, 15% junior high school, 5% senior high schooi, and few college education. The fact suggests that their living standards are low and they have no abilities to support their children. 2. Actual condition and problems of the island school education There are 8 schools and 9 branch schools in these island communities. The school population is 26% of all island population. There are 55 classes, and 59 teachers. The average number of the pupils for a school is 147 and the average number of the teachers for a school is 3. Most of the classes are multiple-grade-type-classes. According to the above statements, we can find out the following educational problems. 1) Teachers' absence from school Most of the teachers are often absent from the school because of inconvenience of traffic and lodging houses. It is one of the problems to be solved for improving the island education. 2) Personnel administration and morale of teachers In the personnel administration, a regulation for the teachers decided to rotate every teacher in Okku-kun to serve in a island school for a year, but for the school principals is not decided. It is a very serious problem of the island education that the changes of teachers are frequently in force. But contrarily, teachers whish to frequent changes, because they can go back to the land soon. It is necessary to improve the island education and to raise moral of the teachers at the same time in the personnel administration. In order to achieve the two objects at the same time, it is desirable to pay the teachers better island regional allowance in comparision with the present system. 3) School facilities and teaching materials. Most of the schools have no essential facilities for elementary education. They must improve the conditions of facilities, school plants, school grounds, and teaching materials and so on. According to the survey, 7 schools out of 17 schools have organs for their music education. It is one of the serious problems of the island education, and we must try to solve immediately. 4) Curriculum organization and teaching method All the teaching activities are accomplished by the multiple - grade - type system. One teacher teaches two or three classes in a class room at the same time. According to the above statements, teachers have many problems in curriculum planning, organizing, and teaching. In order to improve the teaching method of the education, we must do the in-service-education and special educational researches for the island education continually. And the educational administrators must try to solve those problems continually, too. 5. School public relation Most of the parents and islanders are not cooperative for the school education. The reason are as follows : they are under the difficulties of economic status and the schools have not helped the community people improve their lives. It is necessary to improve the school public relation in order to improve the island education and island peoples life by increasing citizen understanding of educational needs and practices and encouraging intelligent citizen interest and cooperation in the work of improving school, and by opening the school and school facilities to the island adult education and social education. Ⅲ. Conclusion As the above statement, there are many problems in the island communities and school. In the following, we are going to suggest the methods of improving the planning of the islanders' education briefly. 1. To do the planning of the island education specially, and to carry it into effect. 2. To establish a pre-service education course and in-service-education course for the island education. 3. To help the teacher keep in the balance of his life by paying better island regional allowance according to the special system. 4. To rotate the teacher to serve in a island at least for two or three years. 5. To open the island schoolsand school facilities for the island adult education and social education.