중국(中國)과 한국의 인사제도(人事制度)개혁에 대한 비교연구

( Zhao Zhi Lei ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2014 지역개발연구 Vol.46 No.1

중국과 한국간의 교류와 영향이 점차 커지고 있음에도 불구하고 이 연구에서 양국 인사제도 간의 비교를 통해 시사점을 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 중국 인사행정 체제를 개선하기 위해 목표의 설정은 조직의 핵심기능과 일치해야 하며, 공무원제도의 입법과정을 가속해야 하며, 정책을 활용해야 한다. 한국 인사제도의 이론 및 실천에 대한 참고하고 중국 인사제도의 틀을 구축하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 중국과 한국의 인사제도 개혁과정이 상호 비교해 보면서 그 특징을 발견하고, 그 인사행정개혁에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 어떠한 것이 있는가를 발견하는 것을 목적으로 한다. Research on reform of personnel system in China and South Korea During the administrative reform process in today`s world, China and South Korea absolutely have the most in common in historical and cultural background. What`s more, what makes the two countries much similar lies not merely in their basically-similar oriental cultural origins, but in their well-developed traditional administrative bureaucracy and the governments` consequent powerful control and dominance of national and social relation. Therefore, it is of particular significance to make a comparison on administrative reforms in the two countries.

Three New Iridoid Glucosides from the Roots of Patrinia scabra

Lei Di,You-Xing Zhao,Kai-Jin Wang,Ling-Bo Zu,Ning Li,Zhi Wang 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.9

To probe the chemical constituents of Patrinia scabra, we undertook the phytochemical investigation on its roots, which led to the isolation and elucidation of three new iridoid glucosides, scabroside A-C (1-3), along with three known iridoids, jatamanin J (4), isopatriscabroside I (5) and loganic acid (6) from the aqueous fraction of the ethanolic extract of the roots. The structures and relative configurations of the three new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compound 3 was an unusual iridoid with an oxygen bridge connecting C-3 and C-8.

Isolation, identification and characterization of a novel elastase from Chryseobacterium indologenes

Lei, Yunlong,Zhao, Peipei,Li, Chenglei,Zhao, Haixia,Shan, Zhi,Wu, Qi The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

Elastase is a type of protease that specifically degrades elastin. It has broad application prospects in medicine, food industry, and daily-use chemical industry. In this study, we isolated a bacterial strain WZE87 with high elastin-hydrolysis activity, which was identified as Chryseobacterium indologenes based on morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The elastase produced by this strain was purified by three steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, Q-Sepharose fast-flow anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 gel-filtration chromatography. The purified elastase was 2376.5 U/mg in activity (a 8.3-fold increase in specific activity), and the recovery was 5.8%. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 26 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.0-10.5 at $37^{\circ}C$. The optimal temperature and pH were $37^{\circ}C$ and 7.5, respectively. The activity of this elastase was found to decrease when the temperature was higher than $50^{\circ}C$. The activity was also inhibited by $Zn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$ ions. The specific hydrolytic ability of this enzyme was similar to that of papain on substrates like gelatin, casein, soybean-isolated protein and bovine hemoglobin. However, this elastase preferentially hydrolyzed elastin in a protein mixture because of its specific adsorption. Considering its promising properties, this protease may be considered a potential candidate for applications in related industries.

Enantioselective Esterification of Ibuprofen by a Novel Thermophilic Biocatalyst: APE1547

Zhao Dan-tong,Xun Er-na,Wang Jia-xin,Wang Ren,Wei Xiao-fei,Wang Lei,Wang Zhi 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.4

The enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen catalyzed by a novel thermophilic esterase (APE1547)from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 was successfully conducted in organic solvents. The effects of acyl acceptor,substrate ratio, organic solvent, temperature, and water activity were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the highest enantioselectivity (E = 38.1) was obtained with a higher enzyme activity (216.5 μmol/g/h). Celites were added into the reaction mixture to remove the water produced in the esterification. The reaction achieved its equilibrium in approximately 96 h with a conversion of 57 and 99%(ee) of the un-reacted (S)-ibuprofen obtained.

Loss of Expression of PTEN is Associated with Worse Prognosis in Patients with Cancer

Qiu, Zhi-Xin,Zhao, Shuang,Li, Lei,Li, Wei-Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.11

Background: The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell-survival signaling. However, available results for the prognostic value of PTEN expression in patients with cancer remain controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis of published studies investigating this issue was performed. Materials and Methods: A literature search via PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed by using the STATA 12.0 (STATA Corp., College, TX). Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Results: A total of 3,810 patients from 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis, 22 investigating the relationship between PTEN expression and overall survival (OS) using univariate analysis, and nine with multivariate analysis. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 1.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-2.05) by univariate analysis and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.20-2.03) by multivariate analysis. In addition, eight papers including two disease-free-survival analyses (DFSs), four relapse-free-survival analyses (RFSs), three progression-free-survival analyses (PFSs) and one metastasis-free-survival analysis (MFS) reported the effect of PTEN on survival. The results showed that loss of PTEN expression was significant correlated with poor prognosis, with a combined HR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.24-2.44). Furthermore, in the stratified analysis by the year of publication, ethnicity, cancer type, method, cut-off value, median follow-up time and neoadjuvant therapy in which the study was conducted, we found that the ethnicity, cancer type, method, median follow-up time and neoadjuvant therapy are associated with prognosis. Conclusions: Our study shows that negative or loss of expression of PTEN is associated with worse prognosis in patients with cancer. However, adequately designed prospective studies need to be performed for confirmation.

Isolation, identification and characterization of a novel elastase from Chryseobacterium indologenes

Yunlong Lei,Peipei Zhao,Chenglei Li,Haixia Zhao,Zhi Shan,Qi Wu 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

Elastase is a type of protease that specifically degrades elastin. It has broad application prospects in medicine, food industry, and daily-use chemical industry. In this study, we isolated a bacterial strain WZE87 with high elastin-hydrolysis activity, which was identified as Chryseobacterium indologenes based on morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The elastase produced by this strain was purified by three steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, Q-Sepharose fast-flow anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 gel-filtration chromatography. The purified elastase was 2376.5 U/mg in activity (a 8.3-fold increase in specific activity), and the recovery was 5.8%. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 26 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.0–10.5 at 37 C. The optimal temperature and pH were 37 C and 7.5, respectively. The activity of this elastase was found to decrease when the temperature was higher than 50 C. The activity was also inhibited by Zn2?, Fe2?, Fe3?, and Mn2? ions. The specific hydrolytic ability of this enzyme was similar to that of papain on substrates like gelatin, casein, soybean-isolated protein and bovine hemoglobin. However, this elastase preferentially hydrolyzed elastin in a protein mixture because of its specific adsorption. Considering its promising properties, this protease may be considered a potential candidate for applications in related industries.

Quantitative evaluation of proteins with bicinchoninic acid (BCA): resonance Raman and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering-based methods

Chen, Lei,Yu, Zhi,Lee, Youngju,Wang, Xu,Zhao, Bing,Jung, Young Mee The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 The Analyst Vol.137 No.24

<P>A rapid and highly sensitive bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reagent-based protein quantitation tool was developed using competitive resonance Raman (RR) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) methods. A chelation reaction between BCA and Cu<SUP>+</SUP>, which is reduced by protein in an alkaline environment, is exploited to create a BCA–Cu<SUP>+</SUP> complex that has strong RR and SERRS activities. Using these methods, protein concentrations in solutions can be quantitatively measured at concentrations as low as 50 μg mL<SUP>−1</SUP> and 10 pg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>. There are many advantages of using RR and SERRS-based assays. These assays exhibit a much wider linear concentration range and provide an additional one (RR method) to four (SERRS method) orders of magnitude increase in detection limits relative to UV-based methods. Protein-to-protein variation is determined using a reference to a standard curve at concentrations of BSA that exhibits excellent recoveries. These novel methods are extremely accurate in detecting total protein concentrations in solution. This improvement in protein detection sensitivity could yield advances in the biological sciences and medical diagnostic field and extend the applications of reagent-based protein assay techniques.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A rapid and highly sensitive bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reagent-based protein quantitation tool was developed using competitive resonance Raman (RR) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) methods. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2an35715a'> </P>

Three New Iridoid Glucosides from the Roots of Patrinia scabra

Di, Lei,Li, Ning,Zu, Ling-Bo,Wang, Kai-Jin,Zhao, You-Xing,Wang, Zhi Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.9

To probe the chemical constituents of Patrinia scabra, we undertook the phytochemical investigation on its roots, which led to the isolation and elucidation of three new iridoid glucosides, scabroside A-C (1-3), along with three known iridoids, jatamanin J (4), isopatriscabroside I (5) and loganic acid (6) from the aqueous fraction of the ethanolic extract of the roots. The structures and relative configurations of the three new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compound 3 was an unusual iridoid with an oxygen bridge connecting C-3 and C-8.

Landscape structures of the Central Yangtze region, China

Tang, Zhi Yao,Fang, Jing Yun,Zhao, Shu Qing,Rao, Sheng,Lei, Guang Chun,Cui, Hai Ting 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

As habitats for many migratory birds, the plain regions of Central Yangtze plays an important role in biodiversity conservation, especially in conservation for birds and fishes. In this study, the landscape structures of the plain regions of the Central Yangtze were analyzed by using remote sensing image data (Landsat TM) and technique of geographical information system (GIS). The landscape component was divided into eight types, broad-leaved forest, shrub, meadow, water body, cropland, urban and bared land. The main results are summarized as follow: (1) Broad-leaved forest is almost made of small patches, while water body and cropland mainly made of large-area patches, suggesting that water body and cropland are the dominant components for landscape structures. (2) Shrub and meadow are highly fragmented, compared to cropland and water body. Water body, meadow and shrub are randomly distributed, whilst bared land and urban occur aggregately. (3) Places with high fragmentation index show a low dominance index value and unapparent dominant components, while the areas with low fragmentation indices, such as Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and Jianghan Plain, indicate a high dominance index value in which the dominant components were distinct.

Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Promotes Preinvasive and Invasive Estrogen Receptor-Positive Tumor Development in MMTV-erbB2 Mice

Chun Ling Zhao,Guang Ping Zhang,Zheng Zheng Xiao,Zhi Kun Ma,Cai Peng Lei,Shi Yuan Song,Ying Ying Feng,Ya Chao Zhao,Xiao Shan Feng 한국유방암학회 2015 Journal of breast cancer Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: We investigated whether recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) could promote the development of preinvasive and invasive breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV-erbB2) mice with estrogen receptor- positive tumors. Methods: MMTV-erbB2 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 20 mice in each group. MMTV-erbB2 mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle or rhG-CSF (low-rhG-CSF group, rhG-CSF 0.125 μg; vehicle-rhG-CSF group, normal saline 0.25 μg; and high-rhG-CSF group, rhG-CSF 0.25 μg) at 3 months of age. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of G-CSF action in mammary glands were investigated via immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Low, but not high, rhG-CSF doses significantly accelerated mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 mice. Short-term treatment with rhG-CSF could significantly promote the development of preinvasive mammary lesions. The cancer prevention effect was associated with reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cluster of differentiation 34, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in mammary glands by >80%. Conclusion: We found that G-CSF was regulated by rhG-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. Identification of G-CSF genes helped us further understand the mechanism by which G-CSF promotes cancer. Low doses of rhG-CSF could significantly increase tumor latency and increase tumor multiplicity and burden. Moreover, rhG-CSF effectively promotes development of both malignant and premalignant mammary lesions in MMTV-erbB2 mice.