Noise characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotube network transistors

Kim, Un Jeong,Kim, Kang Hyun,Kim, Kyu Tae,Min, Yo-Sep,Park, Wanjun IOP Pub 2008 Nanotechnology Vol.19 No.28

<P>The noise characteristics of randomly networked single-walled carbon nanotubes grown directly by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are studied with field effect transistors (FETs). Due to the geometrical complexity of nanotube networks in the channel area and the large number of tube–tube/tube–metal junctions, the inverse frequency, 1/<I>f</I>, dependence of the noise shows a similar level to that of a single single-walled carbon nanotube transistor. Detailed analysis is performed with the parameters of number of mobile carriers and mobility in the different environment. This shows that the change in the number of mobile carriers resulting in the mobility change due to adsorption and desorption of gas molecules (mostly oxygen molecules) to the tube surface is a key factor in the 1/<I>f</I> noise level for carbon nanotube network transistors. </P>

Soaking of Soybean Seeds in Milled Chitosan Solution and Its Effect on Growth and Quality of Soybean Sprouts

( Yo Sep Kim ),( Na Young Park ),( Shin Ho Lee ),( Kwang Sup Youn ),( Joon Heon Hong ),( Chang Su Park ),( Hong Kyoon No ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2015 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The effects of milled chitosan solutions on growth and selected quality of soybean sprouts were evaluated.Chitosan solution (1% in 1% acetic acid) was milled for 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 h, and diluted with distilled water to 0.05% to use as soaking solutions. Soybean seeds were soaked in water (control), 0.05% acetic acid and milled chitosan solutions for 8 h, and then cultivated for 3 days at 25 o C. Results indicated that chitosan treatment increased total weight by 7.8-10.0% and hypocotyl length by 6.2-11.1% compared with the control and that the effectiveness of chitosan treatment was not affected by milling times of chitosan solution. Chitosan treatment, irrespective of milling times, did not affect the quality of soybean sprouts. No significant differences in moisture content, hardness and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed among six treatment groups. The total free amino acid contents of soybean sprouts treated with 0.5 and 1 h-milled chitosan solutions were comparable to that of the control soybean sprouts.

Thin film transistors using preferentially grown semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube networks by water-assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Kim, Un Jeong,Lee, Eun Hong,Kim, Jong Min,Min, Yo-Sep,Kim, Eunseong,Park, Wanjun IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.29

<P>Nearly perfect semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube random network thin film transistors were fabricated and their reproducible transport properties were investigated. The networked single-walled carbon nanotubes were directly grown by water-assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Optical analysis confirmed that the nanotubes were mostly semiconductors without clear metallic resonances in both the Raman and the UV–vis–IR spectroscopy. The transistors made by the nanotube networks whose density was much larger than the percolation threshold also showed no metallic paths. Estimation based on the conductance change of semiconducting nanotubes in the SWNT network due to applied gate voltage difference (conductance difference for on and off state) indicated a preferential growth of semiconducting nanotubes with an advantage of water-assisted PECVD. The nanotube transistors showed 10<SUP>−5</SUP> of on/off ratio and ∼8 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> of field effect mobility. </P>

Growth and Quality of Soybean Sprouts Affected by Chitosan Treatment and Watering Time

( Yo Sep Kim ),( Na Young Park ),( Hong Kyoon No ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2014 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The effects of chitosan concentrations (0.05 and 0.1%) and watering times (1 and 5 min/every 20 min) on growth and selected quality of soybean sprouts were evaluated. In chitosan concentration studies, soaking of soybeans in 0.05% chitosan solution was more effective in increasing total weight of soybean sprouts than soaking in 0.1% chitosan solution. In chitosan treatment and watering time studies, soybeans were soaked in water (W) or 0.05% chitosan solution (CH) for 8 h and then cultivated by spraying water for 1 min (W-1 and CH-1) or 5 min (W-5 and CH-5) for 3 days at 20±2oC. Increase in watering time from 1 min to 5 min increased total weight of soybean sprouts (W-1 vs. W-5 and CH-1 vs. CH-5). At the same watering time, chitosan treatment was more effective in increasing total weight than water treatment (W-1 vs. CH-1 and W-5 vs. CH-5). No significant differences in hardness, mineral content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed among four treatment groups. However, the moisture content increased with increasing watering time. Total free amino acid contents of W-5, CH-1, and CH-5soybean sprouts were all comparable, but higher than that of W-1 soybean sprouts. Increased shelf life of CH-5 soybean sprouts, compared with W-5, was not observed during storage at 10°C for 21 days.

그리스도와의 연합: 칼빈과 테레사의 기독교 영성에 대한 이해 비교 연구

김요섭 ( Yo Sep Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2011 성경과신학 Vol.58 No.-

본 연구는 16세기 종교개혁자들이 주장했던 기독교 신앙의 영적인 체계에 대한 설명을 대표적인 종교개혁자인 존 칼빈의 기독교 영성에 대한 이해를 중심으로 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해 16세기 가톨릭 영성 운동의 대표적인 인물인 아빌라의 테레사의 『영혼의 성』에 나타난 "하나님과의 연합"(Union with God)의 개념을 존 칼빈의 『기독교 강요』 3권과 다른 저술들에 나타난 "그리스도와의 연합"(Union with Christ) 개념과 비교할 것이다. 신비적 연합이라는 개념은 중세 이래 기독교의 영적인 부분과 관련해 가장 중요하게 다루어졌던 주제들 가운데 하였으며, 16세기 가톨릭 영성가들뿐 아니라 종교개혁자들에게도 이 신비적 연합의 개념은 그들의 기독교 영성에 대한 설명을 위한 중요한 기초였다. 이 연구를 통해 칼빈이 말하는 그리스도와의 연합은 두 가지 측면에서 종교개혁 신학의 중요한 특징을 나타내고 있음이 밝혀질 것이다. 첫째, 그리스도와의 연합은 인간의 노력이 요구되는 수도의 열매가 아니라 전적으로 값없이 주어지는 하나님의 은혜이다. 둘째, 그리스도와의 연합은 신자들에게 그 무엇과도 비교할 수 없는 구원의 확신과 역동성을 제공한다. 그리스도의 연합에 대한 칼빈의 이해는 아빌라의 테레사를 비롯한 가톨릭 영성가들의 입장과는 달리 오직 은혜로만 구원의 얻는다는 종교개혁의 신학과 일관되어 있다. 그리스도와의 연합을 중심으로 한 칼빈의 기독교 영성에 대한 이해는 16세기 당시의 영적인 요구에 대응해 구원의 확실한 기초 위에서 역동적이며 실제적인 기독교 영성의 새로운 체계를 제시하려한 시도 가운데 하나였다. This study aims to review the sixteenth century European Reformers` understanding of Christian spirituality by analyzing John Calvin`s ideas of the mysticial union with Christ, focusing on his explanations in the Institutes of Christian Religion, book III. For this purpose, this study will compare Calvin`s ideas of "union with Christ" with Teresa of Avila`s, one of the representatives of Roman Catholic spiritulalits in the sixteenth century, ideas of "union with God", which is presented in her Interior Castle. The concept of mystical union had been one of the most significant themes in the explanations of Christian spirituality since middle ages. In the Reformation period, not only the Roman Catholic spiritualists but also the Portestant Reformers took this concept as the central theme in their teachings of Christian spirituality. This study will show that Calvin`s ideas of union with Christ reflect the characteristic Reformation theology in two points. First, believers` spiritual life, which starts from their union with Christ does not result from human efforts, but it is the God`s gratuitous gift. Second, believers` can find the firmest foundation of their salvation as well as the ceaseless motif for their dynamic Christian life. These two points make it clear that Calvin`s understanding of Christian spirituality is consistent with his Reformation theology, sola gratia. Furthermore, Calvin`s teaching of spirituality can be regarded as the one of the important attempts to provide his generation with the dynamic and practical program of Christian spirituality.

스코틀랜드 신앙고백 교회론의 구조적 특징과 신학적 의미 연구

김요섭 ( Yo Sep Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2013 성경과신학 Vol.68 No.-

스코틀랜드 신앙고백(Scottish Confession of Faith, 1560)은 최초로 개혁주의 신앙을 국가의 신앙을 선언한 문서이며 이후 다른 개혁파 교회들이 발전하는 과정에서 출현한 신앙고백들에게 많은 영향을 준 문서로 역사적 가치를 지닌다. 본 논문의 목적은 스코틀랜드 신앙고백에 나타난 교회론 조항들의 구조와 내용의 특징들을 분석하여 이 신앙고백이 보여주고 있는 개혁파 교회론의 신학적 요점을 밝히는 것이다. 본문에서는 우선 스코틀랜드 신앙고백의 제정 과정, 저자, 그리고 자료 등 역사적 배경을 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 신앙고백의 전체 구조 가운데 교회론적 조항들이 차지하는 위치와 진술상의 특징을 분석한다. 그리고 교회의 정의, 교회의 표지, 교회의 제도라는세 가지 핵심적 교회론의 주제와 관련한 해석상의 쟁점과 관련하여 스코틀 랜드 신앙고백의 본문을 다른 관련된 자료들과 비교 분석하여 이 신앙고백이 강조하는 신학적 기초를 드러낸다. 그리고 이 분석들을 통해 발견할 수있는 결과는 스코틀랜드 신앙고백이 취하는 삼위일체적이며 동시에 구속사적 구조가 당시 종교개혁의 상황에서 교회론적 쟁점들을 대한 개혁주의의 요점을 효과를 진술하는데 기여하고 있다는 점이다. 또 스코틀랜드 신앙고백은 교회론의 쟁점들과 관련하여 그리스도께서 교회의 “유일한 머리”이시라는 신학적 원리를 일관되게 주장하면서 이 교회론적 원리 위에서 그리스도의 통치를 실질적으로 나타내기 위한 교회 정의와 개혁적 제도를 제안하고 있다는 점이다. 스코틀랜드 신앙고백이 강조하는 교회론적 원리와 개혁의 지향점은 이후 스코틀랜드 장로교회 발전의 원리와 목적이 되었을 뿐 아니라 이후 각 지역의 개혁파 교회가 발전하는 과정에서도 끊임없이 기억하고 추구해야 할 교회론적 가치였다. The Scottish Confession of Faith (1560) has historical importance as the document by which Scotland was declared as the first state of the reformed faith in Christian history. This confession also played an important role for the development of reformed churches in the other countries. The Purpose of this study is to illustrate the theological focal points of reformed ecclesiology by examining the structure and the contents of ecclesiological articles in this Confession. For this purpose, this study first reviews historical backgrounds, such as the process of composition and approval, the authors, and the possible sources of this confession. After this review, position and features of presentation of the ecclesiological articles in this confession are examined. This examination is the comparative investigation on the three ecclesiological themes: definition, marks of the church, and institution of the church. This investigation aims to point out theological principle of the Scottish Confession of Faith and tries to find answers to the questions concerning how to interpret ecclesiological ideas in this confession. It is argued as the result of this examination that the Scottish confession of Faith takes a trinitarian structure and a salvation history structure in harmony, and this dual structure serves to defend the reformed ideas of the church in the context of 16th century religious reformation. It is also argued that this confession consistently emphasizes the principle of “Christ as the sole head of the Church” throughout its articles, and it proposes the definition and the institution of the church with the intention of reformation to realize Christ`s rule over the church. As the conclusive evaluation, it is noted that this theological principle and the ultimate goal of church reformation in the Scottish Confession of Faith became an essential ecclesiological value not only for the Scottish reformed church, but also for the development of the entire reformed churches afterwards.

벨기에 신앙고백의 역사적 배경과 개혁주의 교회론의 특징 연구

김요섭 ( Yo Sep Kim ) 개혁신학회 2013 개혁논총 Vol.25 No.-

1561년 저지대 지방에서 드 브레가 저술한 벨기에 신앙고백(Confessio Belgica)은 개혁주의 교회론을 이해할 수 있는 중요한 자료 가운데 하나이다. 본 연구는 벨기에 신앙고백 가운데 교회론을 다루는 장들의 내용을 그 역사적 배경과 함께 분석하여 이 신앙고백이 보여주는 개혁주의의 일관된 교회 이해와 더불어 이 신앙고백이 갖는 발전적 특징들을 드러내는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 벨기에 신앙고백에 저술된 16세기 저지대 지방 개혁주의 교회의 상황과 저자인 드 브레의 삶과 신학적 배경, 그리고 이 신앙고백의 직접적 자료들을 검토한다. 이어 벨기에 신앙고백의 28장부터 32장까지 나타난 교회의 정의, 교회의 표지, 교회의 제도라는 세 가지 주제를 갈리아 신앙고백과 베자의 신앙고백의 관련 조항들을 비교하여 이 신앙고백에 나타난 개혁주의 교회론의 일관성과 발전성을 드러내려고 한다. 삼위일체 하나님의 구원의 은혜로부터 교회를 정의하고, 하나님의 말씀의 바른 선포라는 사명을 중심으로 참 교회의 표지를 이해하며, 그리스도의 머리이심이라는 원리로부터 교회의 제도를 세우려 한 점이 벨기에 신앙고백이 가지고 있는 일관된 개혁주의 교회론의 강조점들이다. 벨기에 신앙고백은 그 발전적인 특징으로서 교회의 정의나 제도를 설명할 때 기존의 자료들을 사용하면서도 체계적으로 발전시킨 신학적 진술을 사용한다. 또 권징의 시행을 참 교회의 표지에 명시하여 그리스도의 통치를 교회 가운데 실질적으로 실현하고자 하는 개혁주의의 적극적인 교회론을 보여준다. 벨기에 신앙고백의 교회론이 보여주는 이와 같은 개혁주의적 일관성과 발전적 특징들은 새로운 시대적 과제를 맞이하면서 개혁주의 교회론의 가치를 지키고자 하는 한국 개혁주의교회가 기억해야 할 가치 있는 역사적 유산이다. The Belgic Confession, which was written by Guido de Bres in 1561, has been one of the important sources to understand the ecclesiology of the sixteenth-century reformed church in the Low Countries. The purpose of this study is to manifest both consistent reformed ideas of the church and developing characteristics of the Belgic Confession by analysing the ecclesiological articles in this confession together with its historical background. For this purpose, historical situation of the Reformed church in the sixteenth-century Low Countries, de Bres` life and theology, and the direct sources of the Belgic Confession will be reviewed. Then 5 articles from 28 to32 of this confession will be examined in comparison with the Gallican Confession (1559) and Beza`s Confession of Faith (1560). This comparative examination aims to show the consistent and developing characters of the Belgic Confession in three main ecclsiological themes: definition, marks and government of the church. On the one hand, the Belgic Confession maintains consistent reformed ecclesiological foci in these themes. They are to define the church on the basis of the salvation grace of the triune God, to signify the marks of the true church according to its ministry of proper teaching of God`s word, and to establish church government from the theological principle of Christ`s sole headship. On the other hand, the Belgic Confession has developing features in presenting a more theologically systematized articles about definition and government of the church. Furthermore, this confession includes ecclesiastical discipline in three marks of the true church to reflect the positive aspect of the reformed ecclesiology that endeavors to realize Christ`s rule in the church. Such consistent and developing features of the reformed ecclesiology manifested in the Belgic Confession are both important heritage from which the Korea reformed church can learn how to face various challenges in this time while keep the fundamental principles of the reformed idea of the church.

야외 놀이기구 조인트 개발에 관한 연구

김주일(Kim Joo-Il),김정률(kim jung-ryul),이윤해(Lee Yun-Hae),함희망(Ham hee-mang),김요셉(Kim yo-sep),인석일(In Seok-Il) 대한인간공학회 2008 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

교황 수위권에 대한 칼빈의 비판 연구

김요섭 ( Yo Sep Kim ) 개혁신학회 2014 개혁논총 Vol.32 No.-

종교개혁자 존 칼빈은 당시의 교황제도와 그 핵핵심적 기초인 교황 수위권을 비판하고 이와 다른 성경적인 교회제도를 워 세워야 한다고 주장했다. 최근의 에큐메 큐메니칼적인 관점으로부터 칼빈의 교황 수위권에 대한 비판을 당시 부패한 교회 제도를 개선하려 한 조건적 비판으로 해석하려는 시도들이 나타나고 있다. 그러나 교황 수위권에 대한 칼빈의 비판은 교황 수위권 주장으로 인해 발생하는 심각한 실천적 왜곡 왜곡들을 개혁함으로써 참된 종교를 회복하기 위한 것이었다. 본 연구는 칼빈이 교황의 수위권 주장을 비판한 것은 개선을 위한 조건적 비판이 아니라 교황 수위권 주장의 성경적 근거와 역사적 발전과정, 그리고 신학적 기초에 대한 근본적인 비판임을 논증하고자 한다. 이를 위해 헬레만의“조건적 해석”을 상대해 칼빈의 교황 수위권에 대한 비판이 가장 체계적으로 진술되고 있는『기독교강요』4권 6장과 7장의 맥맥락과 내용을 중심으로 칼빈의 관련 저술들 가운데 나타나는 교황 수위권 비판 주장들을 밀 면밀하게 분석할 것이다. 이 분석의 궁극 궁극적인 목적은 칼빈이 교황 수위권을 비판은 교회의 머리이신 그리스도의 주권을 실현할 수 있는 성경에 충실한 새새로운 교회 제도의 수립립을 위한 것이었음을 밝히는 것이다. As a reformer John Calvin criticized papal primacy which had been the essential part of the Papacy, and contended that a new ecclesiastical system faithful to the teaching of the Bible should be established. There have been some interpretations from the ecumenical perspective which understand Calvin`s criticism of papal primacy as a conditional criticism mainly for the renewal of the Papacy. However, it must be noted that Calvin pointed out the serious practical errors of papal primacy for the purpose of reformation of the ecclesiastical system and restoration of true religion. The purpose of this study is to argue that Calvin`s criticism is not a conditional but a fundamental one which focuses on the biblical grounds, historical development and theological foundations of papal primacy. The context and the contents of Calvin`s Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559), IV. 6-7, in which most of his arguments against papal primacy appear in the most systematic manner, and other relevant writings will be investigated against Hellemnan`s conditional interpretation. The ultimate aim of this investigation is to argue that Calvin`s criticism intends to suggest and establish a new ecclesiastical system faithful to the idea of the Bible which emphasizes the headship of Christ over the Church.

‘철저함과 온건함’ (Severitas et Clementia) : 칼빈의 교회 권징(Church Discipline)의 두 원리와 교회론적 배경 연구

김요섭(Kim, Yo-sep) 한국개혁신학회 2009 개혁논총 Vol.12 No.-

This study examines the principles of John Calvin's idea of church discipline and the ecclesiological foundation of his principles. For Calvin, while the true doctrine is the "soul" of the church, discipline is "sinew" without which the whole body of the church cannot be maintained. It is his first principle that church discipline should be practiced strictly and rightly according to the ordination of God. Calvin himself proposed to establish the Consistory, an ecclesiastical court, when he returned to Geneva in 1541, and endeavored to enforce church discipline strictly according to the Word. Second, Calvin stresses that discipline should be executed with moderation. For Calvin, church discipline is not an eternal anathema of a sinner, and he does not attempt to build a theocracy by means of strict discipline in Geneva. Contrary to this, he considers church discipline as the provision of an opportunity for repenting one's misbehaviors and the prevention of the further contamination. Between the two principles of strictness and moderation, Calvin argues that the ultimate aim of church discipline is to serve to realize and expand Christ's Kingdom through the ministry of the church in an eschatological way. For Calvin, discipline does not aim to achieve perfect holiness of the church, because the visible church in this world cannot attain the perfection holiness until Christ comes again and judges the hypocrite in this church. Until that day, therefore, discipline ought not to be executed eternally and finally like the anathema of God. It is thus probable that Calvin does not include discipline in his external marks of the true church because of his eschatological idea of the holiness of the church. Compared to the two marks of the true church, the right preaching of the Word and the pure administration of sacraments, discipline cannot be regarded as the element of the esse of the church. However, Calvin also insists the importance of church discipline that the church cannot carry out its role of preaching and teaching the Word as the agent of Christ's Kingdom without order and correction through discipline. Calvin's two principles of strictness and moderation, and his idea of the church as the eschatological agent of the Kingdom of Christ are still useful for the present Korean church to maintain order and holiness by recovering the "reformed principle and practice" of church discipline.