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Li‑Huan Hsu,Yi‑chao Wu,Chou‑Chun Chiang,Jung‑Lien Chu,Yi‑Chiang Yu,An‑Hsiang Wang,Ben Jong‑Dao Jou 한국기상학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.59 No.2
This study sought to assess the interdecadal and interannual variability of autumn extreme rainfall (ER) in Taiwan from 1979to 2019. Three types of ER events were identified based on a clustering analysis augmented by a deep autoencoder-basedneural network model. This method outperforms other methods in obtaining the optimal number of clusters by extractingthe synoptic features in advance. The patterns associated with these three types include a tropical cyclone covering Taiwan(TC), a TC-like circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) accompanied by northeasterly near northern Taiwan (TC-NE), andnortheasterly near northern Taiwan (NE). The differences in the rainfall pattern caused by the three types were discernableover Taiwan. How the PDO or ENSO modulates the regional large-scale environment to favor the occurrence of these ERevents was investigated. The occurrence of TC-NE events was simultaneously correlated with the negative phases of PDO/ENSO in the interdecadal/interannual scale. In the negative phases of PDO/ENSO, a low-level anomalous cyclone overSCS accompanied by background northeasterly favored the regional TC activities and may cause more TC-NE events. Theoccurrence of NE events is simultaneously correlated with the cold phase of ENSO. An anomalous low-level anticyclone inNortheast Asia strengthened the northeasterly toward northern Taiwan, and with the seasonal background moisture, providedfavorable conditions for the occurrence of the NE events. Overall, the occurrence of the TC events did not correlate with thePDO or ENSO signals; the reasons for the lack of correlation were discussed herein.
( Chung-kee Yeh ),( Renardi ),( Chih-kai Yang ),( Wu-huan Hsu ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Suitable nozzle use and appropriate operation are the key factors that considerably influence the effectiveness of pest control. If the nozzle produces too high of a flow rate or droplet size that is too small is chosen, although the characteristics enable the nozzle to have the desired pest control effect, these characteristics can also lead to higher amounts of pesticide residue and relatively far spray drift distance. The longer the spray drift distance is the higher the possibility that toxic chemicals will harm the users’ health and pollute the neighboring rivers and air. In addition, if the spray drifts towards other neighboring farmlands, the crops within these farmlands will have higher pesticide residues and contain additional chemical compositions that should not be there. The purpose of this study is to analyze the important parameters of domestic agricultural nozzles in Taiwan, including flow rate, particle diameter (DV50) and drift distance, and finally to identify an appropriate way to classify the nozzles. The research was conducted using four different working pressures (5, 10, 15, and 20 kgf/cm2) to measure the actual flow rate and particle diameter (DV50) of each nozzle. The data of the flow rate was obtained by reading the lines printed on the side of the graduated cylinder, and the measurement of the particle diameter (DV50) was carried out using the Spraytec Malvern 2000 Particle Analyzer. After collecting the data as well as the distribution of the particle diameter, a simulation using DRIFTSIM software was run to find out the drift distance of different nozzles, and this simulation was carried out according to the actual ambient conditions in different cities in Taiwan so that the size of the buffer zone needed in different areas can be identified. The results showed that the particle diameters (DV50) of the nozzles were between 53.19 μm and 103.47 μm. When the ASABE S572.1’s method was utilized to classify the nozzles, all of the nozzles belonged to the range of extremely fine or very fine droplets. Since all of the nozzles generate DV50 of similar sizes, classification of domestic agricultural nozzles using this method is entirely improper. As a viable alternative, nozzles can be sorted according to the magnitude of the flow rate that contains DV50 of less than 100 μm.