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Current status of hybrid rice in China
Wenxiong Lin(林文雄),Kil Ung Kim(金吉雄),Jae Keun Sohn(孫再根),Minggen Wu(吳明根) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.1
The present status and its prospects of hybrid rice in China were presented in this paper. The three-line system in use has been the most important method for rice heterotic breeding, and this method is expected to remain effective for next decade with necessary improvements of cms systems and restorer lines. It was suggested that the use of anther culture techniques to expedite the transfer of restorer gene from indica or indica/japonica derivative rice and the 2-D electrophoretic method to identify restorer genes in japonica and indica/japonica derivative cultivars would be useful to develop japonica type hybrid rice in temperate areas. In recent years, the two-line method using environmentally-sensitive genic male sterility(PGMS or TGMS) has received much more attention. It offers many advantages to simplify the procedure of seed production, remove the restriction of restorer gene and overcome the negative effects of male-sterile cytoplasms. The availability of the two-line system would pave the way for rice breeders to achieve breakthrough in the plateau of current three-line hybrid rice by developing indica/japonica hybrid rice. Finally, authors presented evidents to elucidate the possibility to develop true-breeding hybrid rice with permanently fixed heterosis by using apomictic rice. Five main methods currently used in apomictic rice breeding were introduced and discussed briefly.
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Competitive Performance of Hybrid Rice with Barnyardgrass
Wenxiong Lin,Hak-Yoon Kim,Dong-Hyun Shin,In-Jung Lee,Kil-Ung Kim 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.4
Barnyardgrass had relatively higher growth vigor at the earlier growth stage than inbred rice did, showing the 2 fold higher α -amylase activity during the periods of germination and large leaf area Expansion with high net photosynthetic rate at the earlier autotrophic stage, but it performed weak growth at the late growth stage. However, the hlybrid rice Shanyou 63 had significantly higher α -amylase activity and net photosynthetic rate than that of barnyardgrass, exhibiting heterosis for two physiologica1 traits during the germination (6~12 days) and autotrophic phase, respectively. Accordingly, hybrid rice, Shanyou 63, exhibited heterotic effect at the early growing stage when were presented with barnyardgrass. Shanyou 63 exhibited stronger tillering ability, faster leaf area expansion and higher net photosynthetic rate than those of barnyardgrass.
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Hyun Sook Tae,Kil Ung Kim,Dong Hyun Shin,Wenxiong Lin,Huhn Pal Moon 韓國作物學會 1995 Korean journal of crop science Vol.40 No.5
본 연구는 잡종강세를 나타내는 두 조합의 벼 일대 잡종 품종, Shanyou 63, Teyou 53과 inbred계인 밀양 23호 등을 공시하여 벼의 잡종강세 발현기작을 규명코자 실시되었으며, 수행 후 얻어낸 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종자 단백질 분석을 통해, 잡종강세 발현의 유전적인 특성들이 부분적으로 모본으로 부터 유전된다는 사실을 규명하였다. 2. Hybrid계 벼는 inbred계보다 배아의 크기가 크고 α -amylase 활성 및 chlorophyll함량이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 특성들은 분얼능력, 특히 수량에 밀접한 영향을 끼치는 하부절간의 분얼수와도 관계가 있었으며, Shanyou 63의 경우 다른 inbred계에 비해 60~70%나 분얼력이 높았다. 3. 인위적으로 GA3 0.02 ppm을 처리한 후 α -amylase활성 측정시, hybrid계에는 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 밀양 23은 무처리보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는, hybrid계 벼의 종자내에는 이미 충분한 GA를 함유하고 있으며 이것이 초기활력과 관계있는 것으로 추정된다. 4. Cytochrome c oxidase의 활성은 inbred계 보다 hybrid rice에서 2.7~5.5배나 높게 나타났으며, 따라서 hybrid계 벼의 대사작용이 매우 높았다. This study was conducted to determine physiobiochemical basis of heterosis using rice hybrids such as Shanyou 63 (Zhenshan 97As Minhui 63) and Teyou 63 (Longtepu A Minhui 63) as compared with inbred rice like Milyang 23. Seed protein patterns of rice hybrid showed complementary genetic characteristics inherited from their parents. Hybrid rice had larger embryo and higher α -amylase activity than those of inbred rice. The larger embryo of hybrid was significantly correlated with tillering ability and high number of low node tillers jplant increased by 60~70% in Shanyou 63, leading to higher productive tillers/plant which directly influenced on grain yield of hybrid rice. These characters were further supported by high chlorophyll content in hybrids. Exogenous application of GA3 (0.02 ppm) on inbred rice like Milyang 23, increased significantly α -amylase activity, but no effect of GA3 on hybrid rice was observed, indicating that sufficient amount of GA3 is endogenously present in hybrid rice, showing 1 to 3.5 fold higher activity of α -amylase in hybrid rice, which trigger heterosis from the germinating stage. Further, activity of cytochrome c oxidase was 2.66 to 5.52 fold higher in hybrid rice than that of inbred rice, indicating that rice hybrids have very active metabolism reflecting vigorous growth starting from the germinating stage, in turn leading to higher tillering ability.
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( Liaoyuan Zhang ),( Zewang Guo ),( Huifang Gao ),( Xiaoqian Peng ),( Yongyu Li ),( Shujing Sun ),( Jung-kul Lee ),( Wenxiong Lin ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.12
Many plant-pathogenic bacteria are dependent on quorum sensing (QS) to evoke disease. In this study, the population of QS and quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria was analyzed in a consecutive monoculture system of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The isolated QS strains were identified as Serratia marcescens with SwrIR-type QS system and exhibited a significant increase over the years of monoculture. Only one QQ strain was isolated from newly planted soil sample and was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, which secreted lactonase to degrade QS signal molecules. Inoculation of S. marcescens to P. heterophylla root could rapidly cause wilt disease, which was alleviated by B. thuringiensis. Furthermore, the expression of lactonase encoded by the aiiA gene in S. marcescens resulted in reduction of its pathogenicity, implying that the toxic effect of S. marcescens on the seedlings was QS-regulated. Meanwhile, excess lactonase in S. marcescens led to reduction in antibacterial substances, exoenzymes, and swarming motility, which might contribute to pathogensis on the seedlings. Root exudates and root tuber extracts of P. heterophylla significantly promoted the growth of S. marcescens, whereas a slight increase of B. thuringiensis was observed in both samples. These results demonstrated that QS-regulated behaviors in S. marcescens mediated by root exudates played an important role in replanting diseases of P. heterophylla.
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